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| CMS-PAS-TOP-24-008 | ||
| Search for physics beyond the standard model in four and three top quark production events using proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 2025-09-27 | ||
| Abstract: An interpretation of a measurement of four and three top quark production in different scenarios of new physics beyond the standard model (SM) is reported. The analyzed proton-proton collision data were recorded at 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016-2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. Events with two same-sign, three, or four leptons (electrons and/or muons) are selected. Using the SM effective field theory framework, constraints on six Wilson coefficients are derived that modify interactions between four third-generation quarks or between top quarks and the Higgs boson. Exclusion limits are derived on top-philic heavy resonances of different spin and color states, covering masses between 400 GeV and 1.6 TeV. The top quark Yukawa coupling is extracted, considering both $ CP $-even and $ CP $-odd contributions. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Schematic representation of the event selection and categorization. |
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Figure 2:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the BDT score $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (upper row) or $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ (lower row) distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins of the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distributions include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The SM yields are shown with their best fit normalizations from the simultaneous fit to the data (``postfit'') for the SM fit. The dashed/dotted lines show the enhancement of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production in different new-physics scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total prediction to data for four postfit scenarios $-$SM, Yukawa coupling extraction, SMEFT, and V$_1$ resonance with $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}}= $ 0.4 TeV$-$ and also using the SM yields before any fit to the data (``prefit''). |
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Figure 2-a:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the BDT score $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (upper row) or $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ (lower row) distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins of the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distributions include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The SM yields are shown with their best fit normalizations from the simultaneous fit to the data (``postfit'') for the SM fit. The dashed/dotted lines show the enhancement of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production in different new-physics scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total prediction to data for four postfit scenarios $-$SM, Yukawa coupling extraction, SMEFT, and V$_1$ resonance with $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}}= $ 0.4 TeV$-$ and also using the SM yields before any fit to the data (``prefit''). |
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Figure 2-b:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the BDT score $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (upper row) or $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ (lower row) distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins of the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distributions include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The SM yields are shown with their best fit normalizations from the simultaneous fit to the data (``postfit'') for the SM fit. The dashed/dotted lines show the enhancement of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production in different new-physics scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total prediction to data for four postfit scenarios $-$SM, Yukawa coupling extraction, SMEFT, and V$_1$ resonance with $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}}= $ 0.4 TeV$-$ and also using the SM yields before any fit to the data (``prefit''). |
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Figure 2-c:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the BDT score $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (upper row) or $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ (lower row) distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins of the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distributions include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The SM yields are shown with their best fit normalizations from the simultaneous fit to the data (``postfit'') for the SM fit. The dashed/dotted lines show the enhancement of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production in different new-physics scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total prediction to data for four postfit scenarios $-$SM, Yukawa coupling extraction, SMEFT, and V$_1$ resonance with $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}}= $ 0.4 TeV$-$ and also using the SM yields before any fit to the data (``prefit''). |
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Figure 2-d:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the BDT score $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (upper row) or $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ (lower row) distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins of the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distributions include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The SM yields are shown with their best fit normalizations from the simultaneous fit to the data (``postfit'') for the SM fit. The dashed/dotted lines show the enhancement of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production in different new-physics scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total prediction to data for four postfit scenarios $-$SM, Yukawa coupling extraction, SMEFT, and V$_1$ resonance with $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}}= $ 0.4 TeV$-$ and also using the SM yields before any fit to the data (``prefit''). |
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Figure 3:
Two-dimensional scan of the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ cross sections. The color scale shows the negative log-likelihood difference with respect to the best fit point, and the contour lines show the 68% (solid) and 95% (dashed) CL intervals. The SM prediction is indicated with a black plus sign. The correlation $ \rho $ between the two measured cross sections is $-$0.98. |
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Figure 4:
Comparison of the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution in the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ for different SMEFT scenarios relative to the SM prediction. Each line shows the ratio of the SMEFT prediction for $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $, $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $, and $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $ production combined with exactly one WC at a nonzero value to the SM prediction for the same processes. The last bin includes the overflow contribution. |
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Figure 5:
Negative log-likelihood difference from the best fit value for the one-dimensional scans of the WCs $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ (upper left), $ c_{\text{Q}\text{Q}}^{(1)} $ (upper right), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(1)} $ (middle left), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(8)} $ (middle right), $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Re}} $ (lower left), and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Im}} $ (lower right). Shown are the expected (green) and observed (blue) results for the cases where the other WCs are profiled (solid) or fixed to zero (``frozen'', dashed). |
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Figure 5-a:
Negative log-likelihood difference from the best fit value for the one-dimensional scans of the WCs $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ (upper left), $ c_{\text{Q}\text{Q}}^{(1)} $ (upper right), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(1)} $ (middle left), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(8)} $ (middle right), $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Re}} $ (lower left), and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Im}} $ (lower right). Shown are the expected (green) and observed (blue) results for the cases where the other WCs are profiled (solid) or fixed to zero (``frozen'', dashed). |
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Figure 5-b:
Negative log-likelihood difference from the best fit value for the one-dimensional scans of the WCs $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ (upper left), $ c_{\text{Q}\text{Q}}^{(1)} $ (upper right), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(1)} $ (middle left), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(8)} $ (middle right), $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Re}} $ (lower left), and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Im}} $ (lower right). Shown are the expected (green) and observed (blue) results for the cases where the other WCs are profiled (solid) or fixed to zero (``frozen'', dashed). |
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Figure 5-c:
Negative log-likelihood difference from the best fit value for the one-dimensional scans of the WCs $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ (upper left), $ c_{\text{Q}\text{Q}}^{(1)} $ (upper right), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(1)} $ (middle left), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(8)} $ (middle right), $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Re}} $ (lower left), and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Im}} $ (lower right). Shown are the expected (green) and observed (blue) results for the cases where the other WCs are profiled (solid) or fixed to zero (``frozen'', dashed). |
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Figure 5-d:
Negative log-likelihood difference from the best fit value for the one-dimensional scans of the WCs $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ (upper left), $ c_{\text{Q}\text{Q}}^{(1)} $ (upper right), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(1)} $ (middle left), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(8)} $ (middle right), $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Re}} $ (lower left), and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Im}} $ (lower right). Shown are the expected (green) and observed (blue) results for the cases where the other WCs are profiled (solid) or fixed to zero (``frozen'', dashed). |
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Figure 5-e:
Negative log-likelihood difference from the best fit value for the one-dimensional scans of the WCs $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ (upper left), $ c_{\text{Q}\text{Q}}^{(1)} $ (upper right), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(1)} $ (middle left), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(8)} $ (middle right), $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Re}} $ (lower left), and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Im}} $ (lower right). Shown are the expected (green) and observed (blue) results for the cases where the other WCs are profiled (solid) or fixed to zero (``frozen'', dashed). |
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Figure 5-f:
Negative log-likelihood difference from the best fit value for the one-dimensional scans of the WCs $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ (upper left), $ c_{\text{Q}\text{Q}}^{(1)} $ (upper right), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(1)} $ (middle left), $ c_{\text{Q}\mathrm{t}}^{(8)} $ (middle right), $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Re}} $ (lower left), and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Im}} $ (lower right). Shown are the expected (green) and observed (blue) results for the cases where the other WCs are profiled (solid) or fixed to zero (``frozen'', dashed). |
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Figure 6:
Constraints on the individual WCs, obtained by either profiling the other WCs (green) or fixing them to zero (``frozen'', black). The points indicate the observed best fit values, and the error bars and shaded areas the observed and expected CL intervals, respectively. The CL intervals corresponding to values of the test statistic below 1 (solid lines and darker shaded areas) and 4 (dashed lines and lighter shaded areas) are shown. The constraints are scaled to ensure that all six WCs can be visualized on the same axis range. |
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Figure 7:
Expected (green) and observed (blue) exclusion contours for the two-dimensional scans of the WCs $ c_{\text{Q}\text{Q}}^{(1)} $ and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ (left) and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Re}} $ and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Im}} $ (right), with the other WCs profiled in both cases. Shown are the CL intervals where the test statistic falls below 2.3 (solid) and 6.2 (dashed). The best fit value is indicated with a blue cross, and the SM prediction with a black plus sign. |
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Figure 7-a:
Expected (green) and observed (blue) exclusion contours for the two-dimensional scans of the WCs $ c_{\text{Q}\text{Q}}^{(1)} $ and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ (left) and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Re}} $ and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Im}} $ (right), with the other WCs profiled in both cases. Shown are the CL intervals where the test statistic falls below 2.3 (solid) and 6.2 (dashed). The best fit value is indicated with a blue cross, and the SM prediction with a black plus sign. |
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Figure 7-b:
Expected (green) and observed (blue) exclusion contours for the two-dimensional scans of the WCs $ c_{\text{Q}\text{Q}}^{(1)} $ and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ (left) and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Re}} $ and $ c_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{Im}} $ (right), with the other WCs profiled in both cases. Shown are the CL intervals where the test statistic falls below 2.3 (solid) and 6.2 (dashed). The best fit value is indicated with a blue cross, and the SM prediction with a black plus sign. |
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Figure 8:
Example LO Feynman diagrams for $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ production with resonant $ \mathrm{S}_{8} \to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ decay (left), $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{W} $ production with resonant $ \mathrm{V}_{1} \to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ decay (center), and doubly-resonant $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ production as V$_{8}$ pair production with subsequent $ \mathrm{V}_{8} \to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ decays (right). |
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Figure 8-a:
Example LO Feynman diagrams for $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ production with resonant $ \mathrm{S}_{8} \to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ decay (left), $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{W} $ production with resonant $ \mathrm{V}_{1} \to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ decay (center), and doubly-resonant $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ production as V$_{8}$ pair production with subsequent $ \mathrm{V}_{8} \to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ decays (right). |
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Figure 8-b:
Example LO Feynman diagrams for $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ production with resonant $ \mathrm{S}_{8} \to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ decay (left), $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{W} $ production with resonant $ \mathrm{V}_{1} \to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ decay (center), and doubly-resonant $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ production as V$_{8}$ pair production with subsequent $ \mathrm{V}_{8} \to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ decays (right). |
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Figure 8-c:
Example LO Feynman diagrams for $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ production with resonant $ \mathrm{S}_{8} \to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ decay (left), $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{W} $ production with resonant $ \mathrm{V}_{1} \to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ decay (center), and doubly-resonant $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ production as V$_{8}$ pair production with subsequent $ \mathrm{V}_{8} \to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ decays (right). |
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Figure 9:
Enhancement of the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ (right) production cross section in the different scenarios with a top-philic heavy resonance as a function of the mass of the new boson, evaluated at LO as the difference between the cross section calculated with all SM, BSM, and interference contributions and the SM-only cross section. The coupling strength is fixed to a value of 0.2 in all scenarios. |
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Figure 9-a:
Enhancement of the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ (right) production cross section in the different scenarios with a top-philic heavy resonance as a function of the mass of the new boson, evaluated at LO as the difference between the cross section calculated with all SM, BSM, and interference contributions and the SM-only cross section. The coupling strength is fixed to a value of 0.2 in all scenarios. |
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Figure 9-b:
Enhancement of the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ (right) production cross section in the different scenarios with a top-philic heavy resonance as a function of the mass of the new boson, evaluated at LO as the difference between the cross section calculated with all SM, BSM, and interference contributions and the SM-only cross section. The coupling strength is fixed to a value of 0.2 in all scenarios. |
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Figure 10:
The 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. The area above the hatched blue line indicates the nonphysical region of phase space in which the partial width $ \Gamma(\mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ becomes larger than the total width of 10 GeV used in the simulated signal samples. |
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Figure 10-a:
The 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. The area above the hatched blue line indicates the nonphysical region of phase space in which the partial width $ \Gamma(\mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ becomes larger than the total width of 10 GeV used in the simulated signal samples. |
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Figure 10-b:
The 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. The area above the hatched blue line indicates the nonphysical region of phase space in which the partial width $ \Gamma(\mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ becomes larger than the total width of 10 GeV used in the simulated signal samples. |
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Figure 10-c:
The 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. The area above the hatched blue line indicates the nonphysical region of phase space in which the partial width $ \Gamma(\mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ becomes larger than the total width of 10 GeV used in the simulated signal samples. |
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Figure 10-d:
The 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. The area above the hatched blue line indicates the nonphysical region of phase space in which the partial width $ \Gamma(\mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ becomes larger than the total width of 10 GeV used in the simulated signal samples. |
png pdf |
Figure 10-e:
The 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. The area above the hatched blue line indicates the nonphysical region of phase space in which the partial width $ \Gamma(\mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ becomes larger than the total width of 10 GeV used in the simulated signal samples. |
png pdf |
Figure 10-f:
The 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. The area above the hatched blue line indicates the nonphysical region of phase space in which the partial width $ \Gamma(\mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ becomes larger than the total width of 10 GeV used in the simulated signal samples. |
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Figure 11:
Example LO Feynman diagrams for $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left), $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{W} $ (center), and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{q} $ (right) production that contain the top quark Yukawa coupling. |
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Figure 11-a:
Example LO Feynman diagrams for $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left), $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{W} $ (center), and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{q} $ (right) production that contain the top quark Yukawa coupling. |
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Figure 11-b:
Example LO Feynman diagrams for $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left), $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{W} $ (center), and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{q} $ (right) production that contain the top quark Yukawa coupling. |
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Figure 11-c:
Example LO Feynman diagrams for $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left), $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{W} $ (center), and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{q} $ (right) production that contain the top quark Yukawa coupling. |
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Figure 12:
Ratio of the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $, $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{W} $, and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{q} $ cross sections with modified top quark Yukawa couplings to the SM values, evaluated at LO. The solid lines show modifications of $ \kappa_{\mathrm{t}} $ for a fixed value of $ \tilde{\kappa}_{\mathrm{t}}= $ 0, and dashed lines modifications of $ \tilde{\kappa}_{\mathrm{t}} $ for fixed $ \kappa_{\mathrm{t}}= $ 1. |
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Figure 13:
Expected (left) and observed (right) exclusion contours on the Yukawa coupling modifiers $ \tilde{\kappa}_{\mathrm{t}} $ and $ \kappa_{\mathrm{t}} $ corresponding to the 68 (solid) and 95% (dashed) CL interval are shown for the fit that includes the Yukawa coupling dependence of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $, $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $, and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production (blue) and for the fit that includes only $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ and $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $ production (green). The SM prediction is shown with a plus sign. |
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Figure 13-a:
Expected (left) and observed (right) exclusion contours on the Yukawa coupling modifiers $ \tilde{\kappa}_{\mathrm{t}} $ and $ \kappa_{\mathrm{t}} $ corresponding to the 68 (solid) and 95% (dashed) CL interval are shown for the fit that includes the Yukawa coupling dependence of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $, $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $, and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production (blue) and for the fit that includes only $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ and $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $ production (green). The SM prediction is shown with a plus sign. |
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Figure 13-b:
Expected (left) and observed (right) exclusion contours on the Yukawa coupling modifiers $ \tilde{\kappa}_{\mathrm{t}} $ and $ \kappa_{\mathrm{t}} $ corresponding to the 68 (solid) and 95% (dashed) CL interval are shown for the fit that includes the Yukawa coupling dependence of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $, $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $, and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production (blue) and for the fit that includes only $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ and $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $ production (green). The SM prediction is shown with a plus sign. |
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Figure 14:
Negative log-likelihood difference from the best fit value for the one-dimensional scans of the Yukawa coupling modifiers $ \kappa_{\mathrm{t}} $ (left) and $ \tilde{\kappa}_{\mathrm{t}} $ (right), where the other modifier is profiled (solid) or fixed to its SM prediction (dashed), evaluated for the fit that includes the Yukawa coupling dependence of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $, $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $, and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production. |
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Figure 14-a:
Negative log-likelihood difference from the best fit value for the one-dimensional scans of the Yukawa coupling modifiers $ \kappa_{\mathrm{t}} $ (left) and $ \tilde{\kappa}_{\mathrm{t}} $ (right), where the other modifier is profiled (solid) or fixed to its SM prediction (dashed), evaluated for the fit that includes the Yukawa coupling dependence of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $, $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $, and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production. |
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Figure 14-b:
Negative log-likelihood difference from the best fit value for the one-dimensional scans of the Yukawa coupling modifiers $ \kappa_{\mathrm{t}} $ (left) and $ \tilde{\kappa}_{\mathrm{t}} $ (right), where the other modifier is profiled (solid) or fixed to its SM prediction (dashed), evaluated for the fit that includes the Yukawa coupling dependence of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $, $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $, and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production. |
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Figure 15:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\text{+}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $ production through one of four SMEFT operators. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified SMEFT contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 15-a:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\text{+}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $ production through one of four SMEFT operators. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified SMEFT contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 15-b:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\text{+}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $ production through one of four SMEFT operators. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified SMEFT contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 16:
Lower limits on the BSM energy scale $ \Lambda $ obtained from the CL intervals where the test statistic falls below 4 when fixing one the WCs to the indicated value and all other WCs to the SM expectation of zero. |
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Figure 17:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an S$_{1}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified S$_{1}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 17-a:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an S$_{1}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified S$_{1}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 17-b:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an S$_{1}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified S$_{1}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 18:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an S$_{8}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified S$_{8}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 18-a:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an S$_{8}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified S$_{8}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 18-b:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an S$_{8}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified S$_{8}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 19:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an P$_{1}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified P$_{1}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 19-a:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an P$_{1}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified P$_{1}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 19-b:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an P$_{1}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified P$_{1}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 20:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an P$_{8}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified P$_{8}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 20-a:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an P$_{8}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified P$_{8}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 20-b:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an P$_{8}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified P$_{8}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 21:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an V$_1$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified V$_1$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 21-a:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an V$_1$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified V$_1$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 21-b:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an V$_1$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified V$_1$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 22:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an V$_{8}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified V$_{8}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 22-a:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an V$_{8}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified V$_{8}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 22-b:
Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (colored histograms) events in the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distribution, shown for the $ \text{SR-}2\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (left, merged across all lepton flavor categories) and the $ \text{SR-}3\ell\text{-}{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ (right). The last bins include the overflow contribution. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the total uncertainty in the predictions. The signal and background yields are shown before the fit to the data (``prefit''). The dashed/dotted lines show the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified three of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production through an V$_{8}$ resonance in three different scenarios. The lower panels show the ratio of the total SM prediction to data, and also of the sum of the total SM prediction and the amplified V$_{8}$ contribution to data for the same configurations as in the upper panels. |
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Figure 23:
The enhancement of the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production cross section corresponding to the 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. |
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Figure 23-a:
The enhancement of the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production cross section corresponding to the 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. |
png pdf |
Figure 23-b:
The enhancement of the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production cross section corresponding to the 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. |
png pdf |
Figure 23-c:
The enhancement of the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production cross section corresponding to the 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. |
png pdf |
Figure 23-d:
The enhancement of the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production cross section corresponding to the 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. |
png pdf |
Figure 23-e:
The enhancement of the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production cross section corresponding to the 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. |
png pdf |
Figure 23-f:
The enhancement of the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{+}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production cross section corresponding to the 95% CL exclusion limits on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{1}} $ (upper left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{S}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{S}_{8}} $ (upper right), on $ y_{{}_{1}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{1}} $ (center left), on $ y_{{}_{8}\mathrm{P}} $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{P}_{8}} $ (center right), on $ g_1 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{1}} $ (lower left), and on $ g_8 $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{V}_{8}} $ (lower right). The area above the solid (dashed) black line indicates the observed (expected) exclusion region. |
png pdf |
Figure 24:
Expected (left) and observed (right) exclusion contours on the Yukawa coupling modifiers $ \tilde{\kappa}_{\mathrm{t}} $ and $ \kappa_{\mathrm{t}} $ corresponding to the 68 (solid) and 95% (dashed) CL interval, as obtained in this work (blue) or in a combination of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $ production measurements in Ref. [85] (green). The SM prediction is shown with a plus sign. |
png pdf |
Figure 24-a:
Expected (left) and observed (right) exclusion contours on the Yukawa coupling modifiers $ \tilde{\kappa}_{\mathrm{t}} $ and $ \kappa_{\mathrm{t}} $ corresponding to the 68 (solid) and 95% (dashed) CL interval, as obtained in this work (blue) or in a combination of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $ production measurements in Ref. [85] (green). The SM prediction is shown with a plus sign. |
png pdf |
Figure 24-b:
Expected (left) and observed (right) exclusion contours on the Yukawa coupling modifiers $ \tilde{\kappa}_{\mathrm{t}} $ and $ \kappa_{\mathrm{t}} $ corresponding to the 68 (solid) and 95% (dashed) CL interval, as obtained in this work (blue) or in a combination of $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $ production measurements in Ref. [85] (green). The SM prediction is shown with a plus sign. |
| Summary |
| An interpretation of a measurement of four and three top quark ($ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $) production in different scenarios of new physics beyond the standard model (SM) is reported. The analyzed proton-proton collision data was recorded at 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016--2018 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. Following the experimental analysis of Ref. [54], events with two same-sign, three, or four leptons (electrons and/or muons) are selected and categorized in signal and control regions. The signal regions in the two same-sign and three lepton channels are further split following a machine-learning discriminant trained to distinguish between $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ production and the main background processes. Assuming no beyond-the-SM contributions, a mild excess of events in data in the selection enriched with $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production events is observed at the level of one standard deviation, consistent with the result from Ref. [54]. To interpret the mild excess in different models of beyond-the-SM physics, three interpretations are performed using either the machine-learning discriminant or the scalar sum of the jet transverse momenta, optimized for the considered scenario. Throughout, $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ production is treated as signal process alongside $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ production, accounting for the observation that the existing experimental analysis is not able to distinguish between $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $ and $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t} $ contributions in the most sensitive signal regions. Using the SM effective field theory framework, constraints are derived on six Wilson coefficients that modify interactions between four third-generation quarks or between top quarks and the Higgs boson. These results are the first SMEFT interpretation that considers these operators simultaneously. Exclusion limits are derived on top-philic heavy resonances of different spin and color states, covering masses between 400 GeV and 1.6 TeV. The top quark Yukawa coupling is extracted, considering both $ CP $-even and $ CP $-odd contributions. In all interpretations, a mild excess of about one standard deviation is found, consistent with the observation in the SM-only case. |
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