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| CMS-B2G-24-008 ; CERN-EP-2025-297 | ||
| Search for charged Higgs bosons decaying into top and bottom quarks in lepton+jets final states in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 30 December 2025 | ||
| Submitted to J. High Energy Phys. | ||
| Abstract: A search is presented for charged Higgs bosons ($ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $) in proton-proton (pp) collision events via the $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to(\mathrm{b})\mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ processes, with $ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ decaying into top (t) and bottom (b) quarks. The search targets final states with one lepton, missing transverse momentum, and two or more b jets. The analysis is based on data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. We search for charged Higgs bosons in the 200 GeV to 1 TeV mass range. The results are interpreted within the generalized two-Higgs-doublet model (g2HDM). This model predicts additional Yukawa couplings of the Higgs bosons to the top quark $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $, the top and charm quark $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} $, and the top and up quark $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}} $. This search focuses on the real components of $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ and $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} $, which are probed up to values of unity. An excess is observed with respect to the standard model expectation with a local significance of 2.4 standard deviations for a signal with an $ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ boson mass ($ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} $) of 600 GeV. Limits are derived on the product of the cross section $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to(\mathrm{b})\mathrm{H}^\pm) $ and branching fraction $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}^\pm\to\mathrm{t}\mathrm{b}, \mathrm{t}\to\mathrm{b} \ell\nu) $, where $ \ell=\mathrm{e}, \mu $. The values of $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} \gtrsim $ 0.15-0.5 are excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on the $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} $ and $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ assumptions. The results represent the first search for charged Higgs bosons within the g2HDM framework and complement the existing results on additional neutral Higgs bosons. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2512.24471 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Representative tree-level Feynman diagrams for the signal processes: $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to{\mathrm{H}}{+}, \mathrm{H}^+\to\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ (left), and $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{H}}{+},\mathrm{H}^+\to\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ (middle and right). |
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Figure 1-a:
Representative tree-level Feynman diagrams for the signal processes: $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to{\mathrm{H}}{+}, \mathrm{H}^+\to\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ (left), and $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{H}}{+},\mathrm{H}^+\to\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ (middle and right). |
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Figure 1-b:
Representative tree-level Feynman diagrams for the signal processes: $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to{\mathrm{H}}{+}, \mathrm{H}^+\to\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ (left), and $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{H}}{+},\mathrm{H}^+\to\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ (middle and right). |
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Figure 1-c:
Representative tree-level Feynman diagrams for the signal processes: $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to{\mathrm{H}}{+}, \mathrm{H}^+\to\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ (left), and $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{b}{\mathrm{H}}{+},\mathrm{H}^+\to\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ (middle and right). |
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Figure 2:
The reconstructed $ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ boson mass distributions in each SR in the combined data set. Predictions for the signal with $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 200, 600, and 1000 GeV, normalized to a cross section of 1 pb, are also shown. Beneath each plot, the ratio of data to predictions is shown. The error bars only consider statistical uncertainties in data, while the hashed bands include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 3:
The reconstructed $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ distributions in each SR in the combined data set. Predictions for the signal with $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 200, 600, and 1000 GeV, normalized to a cross section of 1 pb, are also shown. Beneath each plot, the ratio of data to predictions is shown. The error bars only consider statistical uncertainties in data, while the hashed bands include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 4:
The postfit pDNN distributions in the SR 2b2j (upper) and 3b3j (lower) for electron (left) and muon (right) channels assuming $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV. Postfit signal for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV is also shown. Lower panels display the difference between data and the sum of the SM background predictions, normalized by the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty, $ \delta $. The error bars only consider statistical uncertainties in data, while the hashed bands include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 4-a:
The postfit pDNN distributions in the SR 2b2j (upper) and 3b3j (lower) for electron (left) and muon (right) channels assuming $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV. Postfit signal for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV is also shown. Lower panels display the difference between data and the sum of the SM background predictions, normalized by the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty, $ \delta $. The error bars only consider statistical uncertainties in data, while the hashed bands include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 4-b:
The postfit pDNN distributions in the SR 2b2j (upper) and 3b3j (lower) for electron (left) and muon (right) channels assuming $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV. Postfit signal for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV is also shown. Lower panels display the difference between data and the sum of the SM background predictions, normalized by the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty, $ \delta $. The error bars only consider statistical uncertainties in data, while the hashed bands include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 4-c:
The postfit pDNN distributions in the SR 2b2j (upper) and 3b3j (lower) for electron (left) and muon (right) channels assuming $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV. Postfit signal for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV is also shown. Lower panels display the difference between data and the sum of the SM background predictions, normalized by the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty, $ \delta $. The error bars only consider statistical uncertainties in data, while the hashed bands include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 4-d:
The postfit pDNN distributions in the SR 2b2j (upper) and 3b3j (lower) for electron (left) and muon (right) channels assuming $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV. Postfit signal for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV is also shown. Lower panels display the difference between data and the sum of the SM background predictions, normalized by the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty, $ \delta $. The error bars only consider statistical uncertainties in data, while the hashed bands include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 5:
The postfit pDNN distributions in the SR 2b2j (upper) and 3b3j (lower) for electron (left) and muon (right) channels assuming $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 1 TeV. The signal for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 1 TeV is also shown before the fit, assuming a cross section of 1 pb. Lower panels display the difference between data and the sum of the SM background predictions, normalized by the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty, $ \delta $. The error bars only consider statistical uncertainties in data, while the hashed bands include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-a:
The postfit pDNN distributions in the SR 2b2j (upper) and 3b3j (lower) for electron (left) and muon (right) channels assuming $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 1 TeV. The signal for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 1 TeV is also shown before the fit, assuming a cross section of 1 pb. Lower panels display the difference between data and the sum of the SM background predictions, normalized by the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty, $ \delta $. The error bars only consider statistical uncertainties in data, while the hashed bands include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-b:
The postfit pDNN distributions in the SR 2b2j (upper) and 3b3j (lower) for electron (left) and muon (right) channels assuming $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 1 TeV. The signal for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 1 TeV is also shown before the fit, assuming a cross section of 1 pb. Lower panels display the difference between data and the sum of the SM background predictions, normalized by the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty, $ \delta $. The error bars only consider statistical uncertainties in data, while the hashed bands include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-c:
The postfit pDNN distributions in the SR 2b2j (upper) and 3b3j (lower) for electron (left) and muon (right) channels assuming $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 1 TeV. The signal for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 1 TeV is also shown before the fit, assuming a cross section of 1 pb. Lower panels display the difference between data and the sum of the SM background predictions, normalized by the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty, $ \delta $. The error bars only consider statistical uncertainties in data, while the hashed bands include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 5-d:
The postfit pDNN distributions in the SR 2b2j (upper) and 3b3j (lower) for electron (left) and muon (right) channels assuming $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 1 TeV. The signal for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 1 TeV is also shown before the fit, assuming a cross section of 1 pb. Lower panels display the difference between data and the sum of the SM background predictions, normalized by the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty, $ \delta $. The error bars only consider statistical uncertainties in data, while the hashed bands include both statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 6:
Left: observed and expected 95% CL limits on the cross section times branching fraction ($ \sigma{\mathcal B} $) for different $ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ boson mass hypotheses with $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} = $ 0.4 and $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} = $ 0.6. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band represent the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. Theoretical prediction with different $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} $ and $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ couplings are shown with the grey bands representing the corresponding uncertainties due to the factorization and renormalization scales, and the PDFs. Right: Observed local significance extracted from the pDNN distribution. Expected significances are obtained with the injection of a $ \sigma= $ 0.09 (0.05) pb of g2HDM signal with $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV (1 TeV). The injected cross sections are picked as the best fit value for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV, and the theoretical prediction for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 1 TeV assuming $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}=\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}}= $ 0.6. Local significance values in units of standard deviations (SD) are also shown with dashed horizontal lines on the vertical axis. |
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Figure 6-a:
Left: observed and expected 95% CL limits on the cross section times branching fraction ($ \sigma{\mathcal B} $) for different $ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ boson mass hypotheses with $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} = $ 0.4 and $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} = $ 0.6. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band represent the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. Theoretical prediction with different $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} $ and $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ couplings are shown with the grey bands representing the corresponding uncertainties due to the factorization and renormalization scales, and the PDFs. Right: Observed local significance extracted from the pDNN distribution. Expected significances are obtained with the injection of a $ \sigma= $ 0.09 (0.05) pb of g2HDM signal with $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV (1 TeV). The injected cross sections are picked as the best fit value for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV, and the theoretical prediction for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 1 TeV assuming $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}=\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}}= $ 0.6. Local significance values in units of standard deviations (SD) are also shown with dashed horizontal lines on the vertical axis. |
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Figure 6-b:
Left: observed and expected 95% CL limits on the cross section times branching fraction ($ \sigma{\mathcal B} $) for different $ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ boson mass hypotheses with $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} = $ 0.4 and $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} = $ 0.6. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band represent the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. Theoretical prediction with different $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} $ and $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ couplings are shown with the grey bands representing the corresponding uncertainties due to the factorization and renormalization scales, and the PDFs. Right: Observed local significance extracted from the pDNN distribution. Expected significances are obtained with the injection of a $ \sigma= $ 0.09 (0.05) pb of g2HDM signal with $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV (1 TeV). The injected cross sections are picked as the best fit value for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 600 GeV, and the theoretical prediction for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 1 TeV assuming $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}=\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}}= $ 0.6. Local significance values in units of standard deviations (SD) are also shown with dashed horizontal lines on the vertical axis. |
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Figure 7:
Observed and expected 95% CL excluded phase space regions, as functions of $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} $ and $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} $ for various assumed $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ values represented with different colors. The limits are extracted from the pDNN distributions based on the g2HDM assuming all the extra Yukawa couplings except $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ and $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} $ are zero. The results are obtained from the 95% CL limits on the cross section times branching fraction in Fig. 6. |
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Figure 8:
Two times the difference of the negative log-likelihood (NLL) as a function of $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{H}^\pm) \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}^\pm\to\mathrm{t}\mathrm{b}, \mathrm{t}\to\mathrm{b} \ell\nu) $ and $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{b}\mathrm{H}^\pm) \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}^\pm\to\mathrm{t}\mathrm{b}, \mathrm{t}\to\mathrm{b} \ell\nu) $ with the best fit point extracted from the pDNN distribution for the $ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ boson mass $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} = $ 600 GeV (upper), and $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} = $ 1000 GeV (lower). The solid and dashed contours represent the observed and expected limits, respectively. The points along the contours represent 68 and 95% CL regions, extracted from the 2 $ \Delta{\text{NLL}} $ values of 2.30 and 5.99, respectively. The g2HDM predictions are also shown. The points along the g2HDM prediction line represent different $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $, $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} $ coupling sets, with all other extra Yukawa couplings assumed to be zero. |
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Figure 8-a:
Two times the difference of the negative log-likelihood (NLL) as a function of $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{H}^\pm) \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}^\pm\to\mathrm{t}\mathrm{b}, \mathrm{t}\to\mathrm{b} \ell\nu) $ and $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{b}\mathrm{H}^\pm) \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}^\pm\to\mathrm{t}\mathrm{b}, \mathrm{t}\to\mathrm{b} \ell\nu) $ with the best fit point extracted from the pDNN distribution for the $ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ boson mass $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} = $ 600 GeV (upper), and $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} = $ 1000 GeV (lower). The solid and dashed contours represent the observed and expected limits, respectively. The points along the contours represent 68 and 95% CL regions, extracted from the 2 $ \Delta{\text{NLL}} $ values of 2.30 and 5.99, respectively. The g2HDM predictions are also shown. The points along the g2HDM prediction line represent different $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $, $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} $ coupling sets, with all other extra Yukawa couplings assumed to be zero. |
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Figure 8-b:
Two times the difference of the negative log-likelihood (NLL) as a function of $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{H}^\pm) \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}^\pm\to\mathrm{t}\mathrm{b}, \mathrm{t}\to\mathrm{b} \ell\nu) $ and $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{b}\mathrm{H}^\pm) \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}^\pm\to\mathrm{t}\mathrm{b}, \mathrm{t}\to\mathrm{b} \ell\nu) $ with the best fit point extracted from the pDNN distribution for the $ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ boson mass $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} = $ 600 GeV (upper), and $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} = $ 1000 GeV (lower). The solid and dashed contours represent the observed and expected limits, respectively. The points along the contours represent 68 and 95% CL regions, extracted from the 2 $ \Delta{\text{NLL}} $ values of 2.30 and 5.99, respectively. The g2HDM predictions are also shown. The points along the g2HDM prediction line represent different $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $, $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} $ coupling sets, with all other extra Yukawa couplings assumed to be zero. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Input variables of the $ \text{pDNN}_{2\mathrm{b}} $ and $ \text{pDNN}_{3\mathrm{b}} $. Indices $ i < j $ run up to including 2 for $ \text{pDNN}_{2\mathrm{b}} $ and 3 for $ \text{pDNN}_{3\mathrm{b}} $. |
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Table 2:
Summary of the systematic uncertainty decomposition with respect to the total uncertainty in the signal strength for the mass hypothesis $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} = $ 200 GeV. |
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Table 3:
Summary of the systematic uncertainty decomposition with respect to the total uncertainty in the signal strength for the mass hypothesis $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} = $ 600 GeV. |
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Table 4:
Summary of the systematic uncertainty decomposition with respect to the total uncertainty in the signal strength for the mass hypothesis $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} = $ 1000 GeV. |
| Summary |
| A search for charged Higgs bosons ($ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $) in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV has been presented. The processes considered are $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to(\mathrm{b})\mathrm{H^{\pm}} $, with $ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ decaying into top (t) and bottom (b) quarks. We consider $ \mathrm{t} \to \mathrm{b}\ell\nu $ decays, where $ \ell = \mathrm{e}, \mu $. The $ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ boson mass ($ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} $) is probed between 200 GeV and 1 TeV. The results of the search are interpreted in the generalized two-Higgs-doublet model (g2HDM), assuming the real parts of extra Yukawa couplings of $ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ to the top quark $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ and to the top and charm quark $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} $ are both less than one, and the imaginary parts and all other extra Yukawa couplings are zero. An excess is observed with respect to the standard model expectation with a local significance of 2.4 standard deviations for a signal with $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} = $ 600 GeV. The best fit cross section ($ \sigma $) times branching fraction ($ \mathcal{B} $) values corresponding to the excess at $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} = $ 600 GeV are $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{H}^\pm)\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}^\pm\to\mathrm{t}\mathrm{b}, \mathrm{t}\to\mathrm{b} \ell\nu) = $ 0.055 $ ^{+0.068}_{-0.055} $ pb and $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{b}\mathrm{H}^\pm)\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}^\pm\to\mathrm{t}\mathrm{b}, \mathrm{t}\to\mathrm{b} \ell\nu) = $ 0.032 $ ^{+0.035}_{-0.029} $ pb, where $ \ell=\mathrm{e}, \mu $. Upper limits at 95% confidence level (CL) are set on $ \sigma\mathcal{B} $ for $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} $ up to 1 TeV. The values for $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} \gtrsim $ 0.15-0.5 are excluded, depending on the $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}} $ and $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}} $ assumptions. The strongest exclusion is achieved near $ m_{\mathrm{H^{\pm}}}= $ 400 GeV, where values of $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} > $ 0.16 for $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}}= $ 1.0 and $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} > $ 0.21 for $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}}= $ 0.3 are excluded at 95% CL. For $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}}= $ 1, the analysis excludes $ \rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} > $ 0.57 at 95% CL across the mass range from 200 GeV to 1 TeV. This is the first search for $ \mathrm{H^{\pm}} $ bosons within the g2HDM framework. |
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