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| CMS-HIG-24-002 ; CERN-EP-2026-116 | ||
| Search for a new heavy scalar resonance decaying to a pair of Z bosons in the four-lepton final state in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 25 May 2026 | ||
| Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics | ||
| Abstract: A search for a new heavy scalar resonance decaying to two Z bosons, each subsequently decaying to a pair of electrons or muons, is presented. The results are based on a proton-proton collision data set collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The search is performed over a wide range of resonance masses from 130 GeV to 3 TeV, considering both narrow- and broad-width scenarios, and considering the gluon fusion and vector boson fusion production processes. For the broad-width scenario, the interference between the new resonance, the 125 GeV Higgs boson production, and the continuum background is taken into account. No significant excess with respect to the standard model background expectation is observed in the examined phase space. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the product of the heavy scalar resonance production cross section and the branching fraction for its decay into two Z bosons. The exclusion limits range from 0.05--0.1 pb in the low-mass region to 0.005 pb in the high-mass region. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2605.26462 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; Physics Briefing ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Left: the $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ distributions for signal and background processes estimated from the MC simulation, alongside observed data. Red and pink open histograms show the lineshapes for different signal masses. Right: The $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions for signal and background processes estimated from the MC simulation, together with the observed data. The masses of the X resonances written in the legends are in GeV units. |
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Figure 1-a:
Left: the $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ distributions for signal and background processes estimated from the MC simulation, alongside observed data. Red and pink open histograms show the lineshapes for different signal masses. Right: The $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions for signal and background processes estimated from the MC simulation, together with the observed data. The masses of the X resonances written in the legends are in GeV units. |
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Figure 1-b:
Left: the $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ distributions for signal and background processes estimated from the MC simulation, alongside observed data. Red and pink open histograms show the lineshapes for different signal masses. Right: The $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions for signal and background processes estimated from the MC simulation, together with the observed data. The masses of the X resonances written in the legends are in GeV units. |
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Figure 2:
The $ D_\text{2jet}^{\text{VBF}} $ distributions for signal, background, and observed data. Only events passing the lepton and jet multiplicity requirements for the VBF-tagged category are shown. The dotted vertical line represents the threshold of $ D_\text{2jet}^{\text{VBF}}= $ 0.46. |
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Figure 3:
The product of signal efficiency and acceptance, as a function of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{gen}} $, computed for the 2018 data set. The left panel shows the results for ggF signals, and the right panel shows those for VBF signals. The points are values computed from simulation, which are fitted with the corresponding curves. In each panel, the product of efficiency and acceptance for each final state and category is shown: green points and curves represent the 4 e final state, red points and curves indicate the 2 $ \mathrm{e}2\mu $ final state, and blue points and curves the 4 $ \mu $ final state; the solid lines with lighter colors represent the untagged category, and the efficiencies for the VBF-tagged categories are shown in dashed lines with darker colors. |
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Figure 3-a:
The product of signal efficiency and acceptance, as a function of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{gen}} $, computed for the 2018 data set. The left panel shows the results for ggF signals, and the right panel shows those for VBF signals. The points are values computed from simulation, which are fitted with the corresponding curves. In each panel, the product of efficiency and acceptance for each final state and category is shown: green points and curves represent the 4 e final state, red points and curves indicate the 2 $ \mathrm{e}2\mu $ final state, and blue points and curves the 4 $ \mu $ final state; the solid lines with lighter colors represent the untagged category, and the efficiencies for the VBF-tagged categories are shown in dashed lines with darker colors. |
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Figure 3-b:
The product of signal efficiency and acceptance, as a function of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{gen}} $, computed for the 2018 data set. The left panel shows the results for ggF signals, and the right panel shows those for VBF signals. The points are values computed from simulation, which are fitted with the corresponding curves. In each panel, the product of efficiency and acceptance for each final state and category is shown: green points and curves represent the 4 e final state, red points and curves indicate the 2 $ \mathrm{e}2\mu $ final state, and blue points and curves the 4 $ \mu $ final state; the solid lines with lighter colors represent the untagged category, and the efficiencies for the VBF-tagged categories are shown in dashed lines with darker colors. |
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Figure 4:
The $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ distributions for several values of $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ and $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}} $ obtained from the signal model, for the ggF (left) and VBF (right) signal processes. All final states and categories are combined. |
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Figure 4-a:
The $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ distributions for several values of $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ and $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}} $ obtained from the signal model, for the ggF (left) and VBF (right) signal processes. All final states and categories are combined. |
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Figure 4-b:
The $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ distributions for several values of $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ and $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}} $ obtained from the signal model, for the ggF (left) and VBF (right) signal processes. All final states and categories are combined. |
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Figure 5:
Expected distributions of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{gen}} $ vs. $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ for the ggF (left) and VBF (right) production mechanisms, in the 4 $ \mu $ final state. The distributions are estimated from the signal simulation. |
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Figure 5-a:
Expected distributions of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{gen}} $ vs. $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ for the ggF (left) and VBF (right) production mechanisms, in the 4 $ \mu $ final state. The distributions are estimated from the signal simulation. |
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Figure 5-b:
Expected distributions of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{gen}} $ vs. $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ for the ggF (left) and VBF (right) production mechanisms, in the 4 $ \mu $ final state. The distributions are estimated from the signal simulation. |
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Figure 6:
The left (right) plot depicts the lineshapes for the ggF (VBF) signal with $ m_{\mathrm{X}}= $ 450 GeV, $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}}= $ 45 GeV as the red curve, the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $ (VBFZZ) background as the blue curve, and interferences as the violet, orange, and green curves. The black curve shows the interference between the signal and all other SM processes. The notation "int[A,B]" indicates the interference between A and B. Results are shown for the 4 $ \mu $ final state, for the untagged category (left) and the VBF-tagged category (right). |
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Figure 6-a:
The left (right) plot depicts the lineshapes for the ggF (VBF) signal with $ m_{\mathrm{X}}= $ 450 GeV, $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}}= $ 45 GeV as the red curve, the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $ (VBFZZ) background as the blue curve, and interferences as the violet, orange, and green curves. The black curve shows the interference between the signal and all other SM processes. The notation "int[A,B]" indicates the interference between A and B. Results are shown for the 4 $ \mu $ final state, for the untagged category (left) and the VBF-tagged category (right). |
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Figure 6-b:
The left (right) plot depicts the lineshapes for the ggF (VBF) signal with $ m_{\mathrm{X}}= $ 450 GeV, $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}}= $ 45 GeV as the red curve, the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $ (VBFZZ) background as the blue curve, and interferences as the violet, orange, and green curves. The black curve shows the interference between the signal and all other SM processes. The notation "int[A,B]" indicates the interference between A and B. Results are shown for the 4 $ \mu $ final state, for the untagged category (left) and the VBF-tagged category (right). |
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Figure 7:
The $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ and $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions with the 2016--2018 data set, for backgrounds and observed data. The distributions for backgrounds are extracted from the statistical model, with all nuisance parameters at their best fit values. The upper left (right) panel shows the distribution of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ ($ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $); the lower panel shows the distribution of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ in bins of $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $. |
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Figure 7-a:
The $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ and $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions with the 2016--2018 data set, for backgrounds and observed data. The distributions for backgrounds are extracted from the statistical model, with all nuisance parameters at their best fit values. The upper left (right) panel shows the distribution of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ ($ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $); the lower panel shows the distribution of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ in bins of $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $. |
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Figure 7-b:
The $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ and $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions with the 2016--2018 data set, for backgrounds and observed data. The distributions for backgrounds are extracted from the statistical model, with all nuisance parameters at their best fit values. The upper left (right) panel shows the distribution of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ ($ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $); the lower panel shows the distribution of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ in bins of $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $. |
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Figure 7-c:
The $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ and $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions with the 2016--2018 data set, for backgrounds and observed data. The distributions for backgrounds are extracted from the statistical model, with all nuisance parameters at their best fit values. The upper left (right) panel shows the distribution of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ ($ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $); the lower panel shows the distribution of $ m_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ in bins of $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $. |
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Figure 8:
Observed and expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV in the narrow-width approximation, for the ggF (upper left) and VBF (upper right) production, and with $ f_\text{VBF} $ as a free parameter in the fit (lower). |
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Figure 8-a:
Observed and expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV in the narrow-width approximation, for the ggF (upper left) and VBF (upper right) production, and with $ f_\text{VBF} $ as a free parameter in the fit (lower). |
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Figure 8-b:
Observed and expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV in the narrow-width approximation, for the ggF (upper left) and VBF (upper right) production, and with $ f_\text{VBF} $ as a free parameter in the fit (lower). |
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Figure 8-c:
Observed and expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV in the narrow-width approximation, for the ggF (upper left) and VBF (upper right) production, and with $ f_\text{VBF} $ as a free parameter in the fit (lower). |
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Figure 9:
Local $ p $-value as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $, with $ f_\text{VBF} $ floating. |
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Figure 10:
Observed and expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}} $ equal to 1 (upper), 10 (middle), and 100 (lower) GeV. The left column shows the results for pure ggF production and the right column shows the results for pure VBF production. |
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Figure 10-a:
Observed and expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}} $ equal to 1 (upper), 10 (middle), and 100 (lower) GeV. The left column shows the results for pure ggF production and the right column shows the results for pure VBF production. |
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Figure 10-b:
Observed and expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}} $ equal to 1 (upper), 10 (middle), and 100 (lower) GeV. The left column shows the results for pure ggF production and the right column shows the results for pure VBF production. |
png pdf |
Figure 10-c:
Observed and expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}} $ equal to 1 (upper), 10 (middle), and 100 (lower) GeV. The left column shows the results for pure ggF production and the right column shows the results for pure VBF production. |
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Figure 10-d:
Observed and expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}} $ equal to 1 (upper), 10 (middle), and 100 (lower) GeV. The left column shows the results for pure ggF production and the right column shows the results for pure VBF production. |
png pdf |
Figure 10-e:
Observed and expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}} $ equal to 1 (upper), 10 (middle), and 100 (lower) GeV. The left column shows the results for pure ggF production and the right column shows the results for pure VBF production. |
png pdf |
Figure 10-f:
Observed and expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}} $ equal to 1 (upper), 10 (middle), and 100 (lower) GeV. The left column shows the results for pure ggF production and the right column shows the results for pure VBF production. |
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Figure 11:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to X\to ZZ) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}}/m_{\mathrm{X}} $ up to 30%. The upper panel shows the results for pure ggF production, and the lower panel shows the results for pure VBF production. |
png pdf |
Figure 11-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to X\to ZZ) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}}/m_{\mathrm{X}} $ up to 30%. The upper panel shows the results for pure ggF production, and the lower panel shows the results for pure VBF production. |
png pdf |
Figure 11-b:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to X\to ZZ) $ with $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}}/m_{\mathrm{X}} $ up to 30%. The upper panel shows the results for pure ggF production, and the lower panel shows the results for pure VBF production. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of the experimental and theoretical uncertainties used in this analysis. Uncertainties affecting only the normalization are marked as ``norm'' in the table. Those affecting observable shapes are indicated as ``shape''. |
| Summary |
| A search for a spin-0 resonance decaying to a pair of Z bosons in the four-lepton final state, where the leptons are muons or electrons, is performed at the CMS experiment. The data set used was collected in 2016--2018 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The searched-for resonance can be produced via gluon fusion or vector boson fusion. The mass of the sought resonance is scanned over a range from 130 GeV to 3 TeV, and different decay width assumptions are tested. No significant excess over the standard model background expectation is observed. The largest fluctuation is seen at a mass of 137.8 GeV under the narrow-width assumption, reaching a global significance of 1.8 standard deviations. Upper limits at 95% confidence level on the production cross section multiplied by the decay branching fraction of $ \mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $ are set for various masses, decay widths, and production mechanisms. The exclusion limits range from 0.05--0.1 pb in the low-mass region to 0.005 pb in the high-mass region. |
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