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| CMS-SMP-24-012 ; CERN-EP-2026-034 | ||
| Measurement of the jet mass in hadronic decays of boosted W bosons at 13 TeV and extraction of the W boson mass | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 20 March 2026 | ||
| Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics | ||
| Abstract: The jet mass of W bosons decaying to a quark-antiquark pair is measured in W+jets events from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data used were collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. Hadronic decays of W bosons with high momenta produce strongly collimated decay products due to the large Lorentz boost, and are reconstructed as single large-radius jets. These jets have a characteristic substructure that is exploited to distinguish them from the large background of quark- and gluon-initiated jets. The jet mass is computed using the soft-drop algorithm, which suppresses soft wide-angle radiation that leads to a broadening of the jet mass distribution. For the first time, unfolded measurements are presented of the double-differential W+jets cross section as a function of the jet transverse momentum and soft-drop mass. From these distributions, the W boson mass is obtained, with a value of 80.83 $ \pm $ 0.55 GeV, achieving the smallest uncertainty available today from an all-jets final state at a hadron collider. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2603.19963 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Feynman diagram for tree-level $ \mathrm{W}(\mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}}') $+jets production. |
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Figure 2:
Acceptance as a function of $ m_\mathrm{SD}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ without (left) and with (right) the requirement $ N_{2}^{(1)} < $ 0.2 at the particle level. The acceptance is calculated using the $ \mathrm{W}(\mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}}') $+jets signal simulation with 2018 detector conditions. |
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Figure 2-a:
Acceptance as a function of $ m_\mathrm{SD}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ without (left) and with (right) the requirement $ N_{2}^{(1)} < $ 0.2 at the particle level. The acceptance is calculated using the $ \mathrm{W}(\mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}}') $+jets signal simulation with 2018 detector conditions. |
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Figure 2-b:
Acceptance as a function of $ m_\mathrm{SD}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ without (left) and with (right) the requirement $ N_{2}^{(1)} < $ 0.2 at the particle level. The acceptance is calculated using the $ \mathrm{W}(\mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}}') $+jets signal simulation with 2018 detector conditions. |
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Figure 3:
Reconstructed $ m_\mathrm{SD} $ distributions in the second $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bin with 650 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 725 GeV in the signal (upper row) and control (lower row) regions defined using the $ N_{2}^{(1),\mathrm{DDT}} $ (left) and $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $ (right) taggers after the background estimation and a fit to the data, explained in Section 6. All four data-taking periods are combined, resulting in a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio. The error bars correspond to the statistical uncertainty in the data. The dashed band is the total uncertainty on the background after a fit to the data distribution. |
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Figure 3-a:
Reconstructed $ m_\mathrm{SD} $ distributions in the second $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bin with 650 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 725 GeV in the signal (upper row) and control (lower row) regions defined using the $ N_{2}^{(1),\mathrm{DDT}} $ (left) and $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $ (right) taggers after the background estimation and a fit to the data, explained in Section 6. All four data-taking periods are combined, resulting in a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio. The error bars correspond to the statistical uncertainty in the data. The dashed band is the total uncertainty on the background after a fit to the data distribution. |
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Figure 3-b:
Reconstructed $ m_\mathrm{SD} $ distributions in the second $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bin with 650 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 725 GeV in the signal (upper row) and control (lower row) regions defined using the $ N_{2}^{(1),\mathrm{DDT}} $ (left) and $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $ (right) taggers after the background estimation and a fit to the data, explained in Section 6. All four data-taking periods are combined, resulting in a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio. The error bars correspond to the statistical uncertainty in the data. The dashed band is the total uncertainty on the background after a fit to the data distribution. |
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Figure 3-c:
Reconstructed $ m_\mathrm{SD} $ distributions in the second $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bin with 650 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 725 GeV in the signal (upper row) and control (lower row) regions defined using the $ N_{2}^{(1),\mathrm{DDT}} $ (left) and $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $ (right) taggers after the background estimation and a fit to the data, explained in Section 6. All four data-taking periods are combined, resulting in a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio. The error bars correspond to the statistical uncertainty in the data. The dashed band is the total uncertainty on the background after a fit to the data distribution. |
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Figure 3-d:
Reconstructed $ m_\mathrm{SD} $ distributions in the second $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bin with 650 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 725 GeV in the signal (upper row) and control (lower row) regions defined using the $ N_{2}^{(1),\mathrm{DDT}} $ (left) and $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $ (right) taggers after the background estimation and a fit to the data, explained in Section 6. All four data-taking periods are combined, resulting in a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio. The error bars correspond to the statistical uncertainty in the data. The dashed band is the total uncertainty on the background after a fit to the data distribution. |
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Figure 4:
Residual function $ r(\hat{p}_{\mathrm{T}}, \hat{\rho}_\mathrm{SD}) $ obtained from a fit to data, when using the $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $ as jet tagger. The arguments of the function $ r $, $ \hat{p}_{\mathrm{T}} $ and $ \hat{\rho}_\mathrm{SD} $ are functions of $ m_\mathrm{SD} $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and correspond to the normalized observables $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and $ \rho_{\mathrm{SD}} $, scaled to lie in the interval $ [0,1] $. The hatched area is excluded from the analyses by selecting $ \rho_{\mathrm{SD}} < - $ 2.1. |
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Figure 5:
Summary of the effect of the systematic uncertainties in the reconstructed SD jet mass in the $ \mathrm{W}(\mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}}') $+jets signal sample in a representative $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bin. The dominant shape effects can be attributed to uncertainties in the hadronization model, jet energy scale, and final-state shower. The jet energy scale and final state shower mainly affect the region of the W boson mass peak (70 $ < m_\mathrm{SD} < $ 110 GeV). |
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Figure 6:
Response matrix obtained for selected events in simulation. The matrix is obtained from a sum of all data-taking eras. The grey dashed lines separate the individual $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bins. The binning within each $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bin corresponds to the $ m_\mathrm{SD} $ binning. |
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Figure 7:
Unfolded and background subtracted jet mass distribution at the particle level for each $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ bin obtained with $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $. The fiducial measurement region at the particle level includes the $ N_{2}^{(1)} < $ 0.2 selection. The unfolded data are shown as black markers with the total uncertainty indicated as error bar. The blue lines show the predictions from MadGraph-5_aMC@NLO+PYTHIA at LO with MLM matching and supplemented by NLO QCD and EW corrections with the statistical uncertainty indicated as error bar. The theory uncertainty is the sum in quadrature of parton shower variations and the hadronization model uncertainty, as well as the uncertainties in the QCD and EW corrections, and is drawn as a light shaded blue band. The purely perturbative uncertainties are overlaid as a dark, shaded blue band. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-a:
Unfolded and background subtracted jet mass distribution at the particle level for each $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ bin obtained with $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $. The fiducial measurement region at the particle level includes the $ N_{2}^{(1)} < $ 0.2 selection. The unfolded data are shown as black markers with the total uncertainty indicated as error bar. The blue lines show the predictions from MadGraph-5_aMC@NLO+PYTHIA at LO with MLM matching and supplemented by NLO QCD and EW corrections with the statistical uncertainty indicated as error bar. The theory uncertainty is the sum in quadrature of parton shower variations and the hadronization model uncertainty, as well as the uncertainties in the QCD and EW corrections, and is drawn as a light shaded blue band. The purely perturbative uncertainties are overlaid as a dark, shaded blue band. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-b:
Unfolded and background subtracted jet mass distribution at the particle level for each $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ bin obtained with $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $. The fiducial measurement region at the particle level includes the $ N_{2}^{(1)} < $ 0.2 selection. The unfolded data are shown as black markers with the total uncertainty indicated as error bar. The blue lines show the predictions from MadGraph-5_aMC@NLO+PYTHIA at LO with MLM matching and supplemented by NLO QCD and EW corrections with the statistical uncertainty indicated as error bar. The theory uncertainty is the sum in quadrature of parton shower variations and the hadronization model uncertainty, as well as the uncertainties in the QCD and EW corrections, and is drawn as a light shaded blue band. The purely perturbative uncertainties are overlaid as a dark, shaded blue band. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-c:
Unfolded and background subtracted jet mass distribution at the particle level for each $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ bin obtained with $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $. The fiducial measurement region at the particle level includes the $ N_{2}^{(1)} < $ 0.2 selection. The unfolded data are shown as black markers with the total uncertainty indicated as error bar. The blue lines show the predictions from MadGraph-5_aMC@NLO+PYTHIA at LO with MLM matching and supplemented by NLO QCD and EW corrections with the statistical uncertainty indicated as error bar. The theory uncertainty is the sum in quadrature of parton shower variations and the hadronization model uncertainty, as well as the uncertainties in the QCD and EW corrections, and is drawn as a light shaded blue band. The purely perturbative uncertainties are overlaid as a dark, shaded blue band. |
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Figure 8:
Correlation matrix of the maximum likelihood estimators of the signal strength modifiers \POI with inclusion of an $ N_{2}^{(1)} < $ 0.2 selection in the particle-level definition. The plot shows the matrix from the fit to the data using $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $. The grey dashed lines indicate the individual $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ bins. The binning within each $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ vs. $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ bin corresponds to the $ m_\mathrm{SD}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ vs. $ m_\mathrm{SD}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ binning. |
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Figure 9:
Unfolded and background subtracted jet mass distribution at the particle level for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} > $ 650 GeV, obtained by summing all $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ bins. The results are obtained using the $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $ tagger without (left) and with (right) the $ N_{2}^{(1)} < $ 0.2 selection at the particle level. The unfolded data are shown as black markers. The blue lines show the predictions from MadGraph-5_aMC@NLO+PYTHIA at LO with MLM matching and supplemented by NLO QCD and EW corrections. The theory uncertainty is the sum in quadrature of parton shower variations and the hadronization model uncertainty, as well as the uncertainties in the QCD and EW corrections, and is drawn as a light shaded blue band. The purely perturbative uncertainties are overlaid as a dark, shaded blue band. Predictions with different values of the W boson mass generated with PYTHIA at LO and scaled to match the total number of events in data are overlaid. |
png pdf |
Figure 9-a:
Unfolded and background subtracted jet mass distribution at the particle level for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} > $ 650 GeV, obtained by summing all $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ bins. The results are obtained using the $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $ tagger without (left) and with (right) the $ N_{2}^{(1)} < $ 0.2 selection at the particle level. The unfolded data are shown as black markers. The blue lines show the predictions from MadGraph-5_aMC@NLO+PYTHIA at LO with MLM matching and supplemented by NLO QCD and EW corrections. The theory uncertainty is the sum in quadrature of parton shower variations and the hadronization model uncertainty, as well as the uncertainties in the QCD and EW corrections, and is drawn as a light shaded blue band. The purely perturbative uncertainties are overlaid as a dark, shaded blue band. Predictions with different values of the W boson mass generated with PYTHIA at LO and scaled to match the total number of events in data are overlaid. |
png pdf |
Figure 9-b:
Unfolded and background subtracted jet mass distribution at the particle level for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} > $ 650 GeV, obtained by summing all $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ bins. The results are obtained using the $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $ tagger without (left) and with (right) the $ N_{2}^{(1)} < $ 0.2 selection at the particle level. The unfolded data are shown as black markers. The blue lines show the predictions from MadGraph-5_aMC@NLO+PYTHIA at LO with MLM matching and supplemented by NLO QCD and EW corrections. The theory uncertainty is the sum in quadrature of parton shower variations and the hadronization model uncertainty, as well as the uncertainties in the QCD and EW corrections, and is drawn as a light shaded blue band. The purely perturbative uncertainties are overlaid as a dark, shaded blue band. Predictions with different values of the W boson mass generated with PYTHIA at LO and scaled to match the total number of events in data are overlaid. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of signal ($ \varepsilon_{\mathrm{W}\!+\!\text{jets}} $) and background ($ \varepsilon_{\text{bkg}} $) efficiencies in the different signal (pass) and control (fail) regions for the $ N_{2}^{(1),\mathrm{DDT}} $ and $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $ taggers in the fully-hadronic $ \mathrm{W}(\mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}}') $+jets selection. The efficiencies are estimated from simulation and averaged over the years of data-taking. |
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Table 2:
Fiducial $ \mathrm{W}(\mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}}') $+jets cross sections predicted by MadGraph-5_aMC@NLO+PYTHIA at NLO QCD with EW corrections after different stages of the particle-level selection. The given uncertainty is the sum in quadrature of parton shower variations and the hadronization model uncertainty, as well as the uncertainties in the QCD and EW corrections. |
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Table 3:
Summary of systematic uncertainties and their impact on the measurement in the 650 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{ptcl} < $ 800 GeV bin and two representative $ m_\mathrm{SD}^\mathrm{ptcl} $ bins, using the $ P^{\mathrm{PN, DDT}}_{\mathrm{W vs. QCD}} $ tagger. |
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Table 4:
Summary of systematic uncertainties and their impact on the $ m_{\mathrm{W}} $ measurement. |
| Summary |
| The jet mass of W bosons decaying to a quark-antiquark pair is measured in W+jets events from proton-proton collisions at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV. The data were collected by the CMS experiment in 2016--2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The measurement considers W bosons with large momenta, resulting in strongly collimated decay products that are reconstructed in a single large-radius jet. Jets initiated by W bosons with a characteristic two-prong substructure are distinguished from single light-flavor quark and gluon-initiated background jets using a selection based on the substructure of these jets. The jet mass is measured using the soft-drop (SD) algorithm, which suppresses soft and wide-angle radiation that can obscure the resonance peak of the W boson at its rest mass. We report the first measurement of the double-differential cross section in bins of the jet transverse momentum and SD mass. The unfolded data are found to be in agreement with predictions from simulations at leading order with additional partons added to the matrix element computation, supplemented by next-to-leading order quantum chromodynamics and electroweak corrections. A W boson mass of 80.83 $ \pm $ 0.55 GeV is obtained, achieving the smallest uncertainty available today from an all-jets final state at a hadron collider. |
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