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| CMS-PAS-SMP-24-011 | ||
| Measurement of inclusive $ \mathrm{W}^+\mathrm{W}^- $ and $ \mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}} $ cross sections with one $ \tau $ lepton in the final state in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13.6 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 2026-07-30 | ||
| Abstract: A measurement of the W boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13.6 TeV is presented. The data used in this study correspond to an integrated luminosity of 62 $ \mathrm{fb}^{-1} $, recorded in 2022 and 2023 with the CMS detector. Events are selected by requiring one electron or one muon and a hadronically decaying $ \tau $ lepton ($ \tau_h $) of opposite charges, in the process WW$ \rightarrow \ell(\mathrm{e},\mu)\tau_h\nu\bar{\nu} $. This is the first measurement that includes hadronic $ \tau $ decays in this process at the LHC. The $ \mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}} $ cross section is measured simultaneously in the final state that includes a $ \tau_h $, $ \mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}\rightarrow \ell (\mathrm{e},\mu)\tau_h \nu\bar{\nu} \mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}} $. Cross sections are extracted from the data using a binned maximum likelihood fit from the observed yields from the multivariate discriminator output and visible mass distributions in signal- and background-enriched event samples. The measured inclusive WW and $ \mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}} $ production cross sections are $ \sigma_{\mathrm{WW}}= $ 144 $ \pm $ 12 pb and $ \sigma_{\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}}= $ 908 $ \pm $ 33 pb, in agreement with standard model predictions. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Feynman diagrams for SM $ WW $ production at leading order. From left to right: $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} $ initiated $ s $-channel production, $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} $ initiated $ t $-channel production, $ gg $ initiated non-resonant production and gg$ \to $ H$ \to \mathrm{W^+}\mathrm{W^-} $ resonant production. |
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Figure 1-a:
Feynman diagrams for SM $ WW $ production at leading order. From left to right: $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} $ initiated $ s $-channel production, $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} $ initiated $ t $-channel production, $ gg $ initiated non-resonant production and gg$ \to $ H$ \to \mathrm{W^+}\mathrm{W^-} $ resonant production. |
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Figure 1-b:
Feynman diagrams for SM $ WW $ production at leading order. From left to right: $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} $ initiated $ s $-channel production, $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} $ initiated $ t $-channel production, $ gg $ initiated non-resonant production and gg$ \to $ H$ \to \mathrm{W^+}\mathrm{W^-} $ resonant production. |
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Figure 1-c:
Feynman diagrams for SM $ WW $ production at leading order. From left to right: $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} $ initiated $ s $-channel production, $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} $ initiated $ t $-channel production, $ gg $ initiated non-resonant production and gg$ \to $ H$ \to \mathrm{W^+}\mathrm{W^-} $ resonant production. |
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Figure 1-d:
Feynman diagrams for SM $ WW $ production at leading order. From left to right: $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} $ initiated $ s $-channel production, $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} $ initiated $ t $-channel production, $ gg $ initiated non-resonant production and gg$ \to $ H$ \to \mathrm{W^+}\mathrm{W^-} $ resonant production. |
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Figure 2:
Signal and background postfit distributions for data and predictions in the WW region: $ \tau_\mathrm{h} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper left), $ m_{\mathrm{vis}} $ (upper right), $ M_{1T} $ (lower left), $ M_{01} $ (lower right). The ``Other'' category includes VV, VVV, V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. The shaded areas represent the full systematic uncertainty. Overflow events are merged to the last bin. |
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Figure 2-a:
Signal and background postfit distributions for data and predictions in the WW region: $ \tau_\mathrm{h} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper left), $ m_{\mathrm{vis}} $ (upper right), $ M_{1T} $ (lower left), $ M_{01} $ (lower right). The ``Other'' category includes VV, VVV, V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. The shaded areas represent the full systematic uncertainty. Overflow events are merged to the last bin. |
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Figure 2-b:
Signal and background postfit distributions for data and predictions in the WW region: $ \tau_\mathrm{h} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper left), $ m_{\mathrm{vis}} $ (upper right), $ M_{1T} $ (lower left), $ M_{01} $ (lower right). The ``Other'' category includes VV, VVV, V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. The shaded areas represent the full systematic uncertainty. Overflow events are merged to the last bin. |
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Figure 2-c:
Signal and background postfit distributions for data and predictions in the WW region: $ \tau_\mathrm{h} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper left), $ m_{\mathrm{vis}} $ (upper right), $ M_{1T} $ (lower left), $ M_{01} $ (lower right). The ``Other'' category includes VV, VVV, V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. The shaded areas represent the full systematic uncertainty. Overflow events are merged to the last bin. |
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Figure 2-d:
Signal and background postfit distributions for data and predictions in the WW region: $ \tau_\mathrm{h} p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper left), $ m_{\mathrm{vis}} $ (upper right), $ M_{1T} $ (lower left), $ M_{01} $ (lower right). The ``Other'' category includes VV, VVV, V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. The shaded areas represent the full systematic uncertainty. Overflow events are merged to the last bin. |
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Figure 3:
Post-fit invariant mass distributions, for data and expectations, in four of the fit regions: DY (upper left), 1b (upper right), 2b (lower left), SS (lower right). The ``Other'' category includes VV, VVV, V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. The shaded areas represent the full systematic uncertainty. Overflow events are merged to the last bin (except for the DY region). |
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Figure 3-a:
Post-fit invariant mass distributions, for data and expectations, in four of the fit regions: DY (upper left), 1b (upper right), 2b (lower left), SS (lower right). The ``Other'' category includes VV, VVV, V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. The shaded areas represent the full systematic uncertainty. Overflow events are merged to the last bin (except for the DY region). |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
Post-fit invariant mass distributions, for data and expectations, in four of the fit regions: DY (upper left), 1b (upper right), 2b (lower left), SS (lower right). The ``Other'' category includes VV, VVV, V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. The shaded areas represent the full systematic uncertainty. Overflow events are merged to the last bin (except for the DY region). |
png pdf |
Figure 3-c:
Post-fit invariant mass distributions, for data and expectations, in four of the fit regions: DY (upper left), 1b (upper right), 2b (lower left), SS (lower right). The ``Other'' category includes VV, VVV, V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. The shaded areas represent the full systematic uncertainty. Overflow events are merged to the last bin (except for the DY region). |
png pdf |
Figure 3-d:
Post-fit invariant mass distributions, for data and expectations, in four of the fit regions: DY (upper left), 1b (upper right), 2b (lower left), SS (lower right). The ``Other'' category includes VV, VVV, V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. The shaded areas represent the full systematic uncertainty. Overflow events are merged to the last bin (except for the DY region). |
png pdf |
Figure 4:
Left: post-fit BDT discriminator output distribution for the WW region, for data and expectations. The ``Other'' category includes VV, VVV, V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. The shaded areas represent the full systematic uncertainty. Overflow events are merged to the last bin. Right: BDT discriminator output distribution for signal and background, with both normalized to unity. |
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Figure 4-a:
Left: post-fit BDT discriminator output distribution for the WW region, for data and expectations. The ``Other'' category includes VV, VVV, V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. The shaded areas represent the full systematic uncertainty. Overflow events are merged to the last bin. Right: BDT discriminator output distribution for signal and background, with both normalized to unity. |
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Figure 4-b:
Left: post-fit BDT discriminator output distribution for the WW region, for data and expectations. The ``Other'' category includes VV, VVV, V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. The shaded areas represent the full systematic uncertainty. Overflow events are merged to the last bin. Right: BDT discriminator output distribution for signal and background, with both normalized to unity. |
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Figure 5:
The observed 2-dimensional 68% and 95% confidence intervals of the 2D scan of $ \sigma_{\mathrm{WW}} $ and $ \sigma_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} } $. |
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Figure 6:
Measured WW production cross section ($ \sigma_{\mathrm{WW}} $) for each individual final state, combining $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $ and $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ final states, and for the combination of $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ [8], $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ and $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of the event requirements in the five regions. |
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Table 2:
Kinematic variables used as inputs to the BDT. |
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Table 3:
List of sources of uncertainty in the signal strengths ($ \mu $) for the WW and $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ processes. |
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Table 4:
Observed yields for each process and for each region used in the fit. The ``$ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \to $ other'' category includes both semileptonic and fully leptonic decays that do not fit the signal definition. The ``WW$ \to $ other'' category similarly includes fully leptonic decays. Finally. the ``Other'' category includes V$ \gamma $ and Higgs samples. |
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Table 5:
Summary of expected and observed signal strengths ($ \mu $) and cross sections ($ \sigma $) for the processes studied. The uncertainty in the expected signal strength is evaluated through a fit on the Asimov dataset [63]. |
| Summary |
| The simultaneous measurement of the WW and $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ cross sections is performed. The WW production cross section is measured in the final state with one $ W $ boson decaying to a light lepton (electron or muon) and the other to a $ \tau $ identified through its hadronic decay ($ \tau_\mathrm{h} $), in the process $ WW\rightarrow \ell\tau_\mathrm{h}\nu\bar{\nu} $, where $ \ell=\mathrm{e},\mu $. The $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ cross section is measured in the corresponding dilepton final state from the decay $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \to \ell\nu_\ell\tau_\mathrm{h}\nu_\tau \mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}} $. The cross sections are measured in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13.6 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 62 fb$ ^{-1} $. Events are selected by requiring one electron or one muon, and one $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ of opposite charge. The cross sections are extracted from the data using a binned maximum likelihood fit from the observed yields in the BDT discriminator output and invariant mass distributions in signal- and background-enriched event samples. The measured cross sections of the inclusive WW and $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ production cross sections are $ \sigma_{\mathrm{WW}}= $ 144 $ \pm $ 12 pb and $ \sigma_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} }= $ 908 $ \pm $ 33 pb, respectively. This analysis presents the first measurement of the inclusive WW production cross section including hadronic $ \tau $ decays, as well as the first measurement of the $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ production cross section including $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ decays in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13.6 TeV. |
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