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| CMS-SMP-24-001 ; CERN-EP-2024-129 | ||
| Measurement of inclusive and differential cross sections for W$^{+}$W$^{-}$ production in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13.6 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 7 June 2024 | ||
| Accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B | ||
| Abstract: Measurements at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13.6 TeV of the opposite-sign W boson pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions are presented. The data used in this study were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.8 fb$ ^{-1} $. Events are selected by requiring one electron and one muon of opposite charge. A maximum likelihood fit is performed on signal- and background-enriched data categories defined by the flavour and charge of the leptons, the number of jets, and number of jets originating from b quarks. An inclusive W$^{+}$W$^{-}$ production cross section of 125.7 $ \pm $ 5.6 pb is measured, in agreement with standard model predictions. Cross sections are also reported in a fiducial region close to that of the detector acceptance, both inclusively and differentially, as a function of the jet multiplicity in the event. For first time in proton-proton collisions, WW events with at least two reconstructed jets are studied and compared with recent theoretical predictions. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2406.05101 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; Physics Briefing ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures & Tables | Summary | Additional Figures & Tables | References | CMS Publications |
|---|
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Distributions of the number of reconstructed jets after the fit to the data in the WW SR (upper left), same-sign CR (upper right), $ \mathrm{Z}\to\tau\tau $ CR (center left), one b tag CR (center right), and two b tags CR (lower left), and the number of events in the $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z}\to3\ell\nu $ and $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}\to4\ell $ CRs (lower right). The histograms for $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{x} $ backgrounds include the contributions from $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{V}(\mathrm{V}) $ processes. The histograms for V$\gamma$ backgrounds include the contributions from W$\gamma$ and Z$\gamma$ processes. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel in each figure shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The grey bands represent the uncertainties in the predicted yields. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties in the data. |
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Figure 1-a:
Distributions of the number of reconstructed jets after the fit to the data in the WW SR (upper left), same-sign CR (upper right), $ \mathrm{Z}\to\tau\tau $ CR (center left), one b tag CR (center right), and two b tags CR (lower left), and the number of events in the $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z}\to3\ell\nu $ and $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}\to4\ell $ CRs (lower right). The histograms for $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{x} $ backgrounds include the contributions from $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{V}(\mathrm{V}) $ processes. The histograms for V$\gamma$ backgrounds include the contributions from W$\gamma$ and Z$\gamma$ processes. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel in each figure shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The grey bands represent the uncertainties in the predicted yields. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties in the data. |
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Figure 1-b:
Distributions of the number of reconstructed jets after the fit to the data in the WW SR (upper left), same-sign CR (upper right), $ \mathrm{Z}\to\tau\tau $ CR (center left), one b tag CR (center right), and two b tags CR (lower left), and the number of events in the $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z}\to3\ell\nu $ and $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}\to4\ell $ CRs (lower right). The histograms for $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{x} $ backgrounds include the contributions from $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{V}(\mathrm{V}) $ processes. The histograms for V$\gamma$ backgrounds include the contributions from W$\gamma$ and Z$\gamma$ processes. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel in each figure shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The grey bands represent the uncertainties in the predicted yields. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties in the data. |
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Figure 1-c:
Distributions of the number of reconstructed jets after the fit to the data in the WW SR (upper left), same-sign CR (upper right), $ \mathrm{Z}\to\tau\tau $ CR (center left), one b tag CR (center right), and two b tags CR (lower left), and the number of events in the $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z}\to3\ell\nu $ and $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}\to4\ell $ CRs (lower right). The histograms for $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{x} $ backgrounds include the contributions from $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{V}(\mathrm{V}) $ processes. The histograms for V$\gamma$ backgrounds include the contributions from W$\gamma$ and Z$\gamma$ processes. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel in each figure shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The grey bands represent the uncertainties in the predicted yields. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties in the data. |
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Figure 1-d:
Distributions of the number of reconstructed jets after the fit to the data in the WW SR (upper left), same-sign CR (upper right), $ \mathrm{Z}\to\tau\tau $ CR (center left), one b tag CR (center right), and two b tags CR (lower left), and the number of events in the $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z}\to3\ell\nu $ and $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}\to4\ell $ CRs (lower right). The histograms for $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{x} $ backgrounds include the contributions from $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{V}(\mathrm{V}) $ processes. The histograms for V$\gamma$ backgrounds include the contributions from W$\gamma$ and Z$\gamma$ processes. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel in each figure shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The grey bands represent the uncertainties in the predicted yields. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties in the data. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-e:
Distributions of the number of reconstructed jets after the fit to the data in the WW SR (upper left), same-sign CR (upper right), $ \mathrm{Z}\to\tau\tau $ CR (center left), one b tag CR (center right), and two b tags CR (lower left), and the number of events in the $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z}\to3\ell\nu $ and $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}\to4\ell $ CRs (lower right). The histograms for $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{x} $ backgrounds include the contributions from $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{V}(\mathrm{V}) $ processes. The histograms for V$\gamma$ backgrounds include the contributions from W$\gamma$ and Z$\gamma$ processes. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel in each figure shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The grey bands represent the uncertainties in the predicted yields. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties in the data. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-f:
Distributions of the number of reconstructed jets after the fit to the data in the WW SR (upper left), same-sign CR (upper right), $ \mathrm{Z}\to\tau\tau $ CR (center left), one b tag CR (center right), and two b tags CR (lower left), and the number of events in the $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z}\to3\ell\nu $ and $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}\to4\ell $ CRs (lower right). The histograms for $ \mathrm{t}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{x} $ backgrounds include the contributions from $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{V}(\mathrm{V}) $ processes. The histograms for V$\gamma$ backgrounds include the contributions from W$\gamma$ and Z$\gamma$ processes. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel in each figure shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The grey bands represent the uncertainties in the predicted yields. The vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties in the data. |
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Figure 2:
Results obtained in this analysis and other WW production cross section measurements at different center-of-mass energies for the CMS [6,7,10], ATLAS [5,8,65], CDF [66], and D0 [67] Collaborations are presented, and compared with the NNLO QCD $ \times $ NLO EW and NLO predictions from MATRIX. The vertical error bars represent the uncertainty in the measured cross section. |
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Figure 3:
The upper panel shows the normalized cross section measurement for events with $ N_{\mathrm{j}}= $ 0, 1, $ {\ge} $2 jets. The filled circles represent the unfolded data results. The black, blue, and red lines represent the predictions from POWHEG +PYTHIA, MATRIX, and POWHEG MINNLO+PYTHIA, respectively. The lower panels show the ratio of the theoretical predictions to the measurement. In all panels, the error bars on the data points represent the total uncertainty in the measurement, and the shaded band depicts the uncertainty in the prediction. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of the requirements defining the WW SR and dilepton CRs. |
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Table 2:
Summary of the requirements defining the WZ and ZZ CRs. |
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Table 3:
Systematic uncertainties on $ \mu $, the measured inclusive cross section divided by the predicted cross section. Lepton experimental uncertainties encompass the effects of calibration of lepton momentum scale and resolution, as well as lepton trigger, reconstruction, identification, and isolation efficiencies. Jet experimental uncertainties encompass the effects of the jet energy scale and resolution. The limited sample size category is related to the finite number of MC events and data events used for data-driven background estimates. |
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Table 4:
Definition of the fiducial region. |
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Table 5:
Data, signal, and background yields combining all reconstructed jet multiplicity bins. The combination of the statistical and systematic uncertainties is shown. The expected yields are shown with their best fit normalizations from the simultaneous fit to data. |
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Table 6:
Data, signal and background yields in events in the WZ and ZZ CRs. The combination of the statistical and systematic uncertainties is shown. The expected yields are shown with their best fit normalizations from the simultaneous fit to data. |
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Table 7:
Inclusive fiducial cross section and normalized cross sections for events with $ N_{\mathrm{j}}= $ 0, 1, ${\ge} $2 jets. The uncertainty listed is the total uncertainty obtained from the fit to the yields. The expected predictions are obtained from POWHEG +PYTHIA. In parentheses, the split of systematic and statistical uncertainties are reported. |
| Summary |
| First measurements at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13.6 TeV of the WW production cross section in proton-proton collisions have been presented. The data used in this study were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 34.8 fb$ ^{-1} $. Events were selected by requiring one electron and one muon of opposite charge. A maximum likelihood fit has been performed in event signal- and background-enriched categories defined by the flavour and charge of the leptons, the number of jets, and number of jets identified as originating from b quarks. An inclusive WW production cross section of 125.7 $ \pm $ 2.3 (stat) $ \pm $ 4.8 (syst) $ \pm $ 1.8 (lumi) pb $ = $ 125.7 $ \pm $ 5.6 pb is measured, in agreement with the standard model prediction. The overall sensitivity is about 25% better than previous CMS measurements at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV with a similar integrated luminosity, because of several reduced experimental uncertainties and the improved fit strategy. Cross sections have also been reported in a fiducial region close to that of the detector acceptance, both inclusively and differentially, as a function of the jet multiplicity in the event. For first time in proton-proton collisions, WW events with at least two reconstructed jets are studied and compared with the most precise theoretical predictions. |
| Additional Figures | |
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Additional Figure 1:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
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Additional Figure 1-a:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
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Additional Figure 1-b:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
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Additional Figure 1-c:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
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Additional Figure 1-d:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
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Additional Figure 2:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 0-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
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Additional Figure 2-a:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 0-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
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Additional Figure 2-b:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 0-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
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Additional Figure 2-c:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 0-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
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Additional Figure 2-d:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 0-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 3:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 1-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 3-a:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 1-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 3-b:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 1-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 3-c:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 1-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 3-d:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 1-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 4:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 2-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 4-a:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 2-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 4-b:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 2-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 4-c:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 2-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 4-d:
Distributions of the $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper left), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ max}} $ (lower left), and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\ell\text{ min}} $ (lower right) variables in the 2-jet WW SR. The error bars represent the uncertainties associated with statistical and systematic uncertainties before the fit to data. |
| Additional Tables | |
png pdf |
Additional Table 1:
Correlation matrix among the inclusive fiducial cross sections and the jet bin fractions measured in the analysis. |
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Additional Table 2:
Relative fractions at the reconstruction level for each generator-level jet bin. |
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Additional Table 3:
Fiducial cross sections as a function of the jet bin obtained in the analysis. The uncertainty listed is the total uncertainty obtained from the fit to the yields. |
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