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| CMS-PAS-SUS-20-002 | ||
| Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| March 2021 | ||
| Abstract: A combination of searches for the production of a pair of top squarks using 137 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, and 2 leptons and additional jets. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematics of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar, owing to the mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino being close to the top quark mass, are presented. Depending on the model, the combined result excludes a top squark mass up to 1325 GeV for a massless lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), and an LSP mass up to 700 GeV for a top squark mass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with mass from 145 to 275 GeV, for LSP mass from 0 to 100 GeV, with a small mass difference between the top squark and the LSP of less than 30 GeV, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. In an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair, upper limits on the mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV are set. | ||
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Links:
CDS record (PDF) ;
inSPIRE record ;
CADI line (restricted) ;
These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, Submitted to EPJC. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Diagrams of the top squark-antisquark production with further decay into top quarks and neutralinos (left), into top squarks decaying via an intermediate chargino into a bottom quark, a W boson, and a neutralino (center), and into a combination of the other two diagrams (right). |
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Figure 1-a:
Diagrams of the top squark-antisquark production with further decay into top quarks and neutralinos (left), into top squarks decaying via an intermediate chargino into a bottom quark, a W boson, and a neutralino (center), and into a combination of the other two diagrams (right). |
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Figure 1-b:
Diagrams of the top squark-antisquark production with further decay into top quarks and neutralinos (left), into top squarks decaying via an intermediate chargino into a bottom quark, a W boson, and a neutralino (center), and into a combination of the other two diagrams (right). |
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Figure 1-c:
Diagrams of the top squark-antisquark production with further decay into top quarks and neutralinos (left), into top squarks decaying via an intermediate chargino into a bottom quark, a W boson, and a neutralino (center), and into a combination of the other two diagrams (right). |
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Figure 2:
Diagram of direct DM production through a scalar or pseudoscalar mediator particle in association with a top quark pair. |
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Figure 3:
Distributions of data and MC events in the signal region with the signal stacked on top of the background prediction for a mass hypothesis of $ {{m}_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}} =$ 225 GeV and $ {m_{\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{1}}}=$ 50 GeV. Events from ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{W} $, ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $, DY and diboson processes are grouped into the 'Others' category. The lower panel contains the data-to-prediction ratio. The uncertainty band includes statistical, background normalization and all systematic uncertainties described in Sec. 5.4. From top left to bottom right: leading lepton $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $, $ {m_{\textrm {T2}}(\ell \ell)} $, $ {H_{\textrm {T}}}$ and $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $. |
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Figure 3-a:
Distributions of data and MC events in the signal region with the signal stacked on top of the background prediction for a mass hypothesis of $ {{m}_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}} =$ 225 GeV and $ {m_{\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{1}}}=$ 50 GeV. Events from ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{W} $, ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $, DY and diboson processes are grouped into the 'Others' category. The lower panel contains the data-to-prediction ratio. The uncertainty band includes statistical, background normalization and all systematic uncertainties described in Sec. 5.4. From top left to bottom right: leading lepton $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $, $ {m_{\textrm {T2}}(\ell \ell)} $, $ {H_{\textrm {T}}}$ and $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $. |
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Figure 3-b:
Distributions of data and MC events in the signal region with the signal stacked on top of the background prediction for a mass hypothesis of $ {{m}_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}} =$ 225 GeV and $ {m_{\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{1}}}=$ 50 GeV. Events from ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{W} $, ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $, DY and diboson processes are grouped into the 'Others' category. The lower panel contains the data-to-prediction ratio. The uncertainty band includes statistical, background normalization and all systematic uncertainties described in Sec. 5.4. From top left to bottom right: leading lepton $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $, $ {m_{\textrm {T2}}(\ell \ell)} $, $ {H_{\textrm {T}}}$ and $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $. |
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Figure 3-c:
Distributions of data and MC events in the signal region with the signal stacked on top of the background prediction for a mass hypothesis of $ {{m}_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}} =$ 225 GeV and $ {m_{\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{1}}}=$ 50 GeV. Events from ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{W} $, ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $, DY and diboson processes are grouped into the 'Others' category. The lower panel contains the data-to-prediction ratio. The uncertainty band includes statistical, background normalization and all systematic uncertainties described in Sec. 5.4. From top left to bottom right: leading lepton $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $, $ {m_{\textrm {T2}}(\ell \ell)} $, $ {H_{\textrm {T}}}$ and $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $. |
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Figure 3-d:
Distributions of data and MC events in the signal region with the signal stacked on top of the background prediction for a mass hypothesis of $ {{m}_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}} =$ 225 GeV and $ {m_{\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{1}}}=$ 50 GeV. Events from ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{W} $, ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $, DY and diboson processes are grouped into the 'Others' category. The lower panel contains the data-to-prediction ratio. The uncertainty band includes statistical, background normalization and all systematic uncertainties described in Sec. 5.4. From top left to bottom right: leading lepton $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $, $ {m_{\textrm {T2}}(\ell \ell)} $, $ {H_{\textrm {T}}}$ and $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $. |
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Figure 4:
Normalized distributions for some of the the training variables in the baseline selection. Distributions for signal points with different top squark and neutralino masses and SM ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}}$ events are compared. From top left to bottom right: ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$, $ {m_{\textrm {T2}}(\ell \ell)} $, $\Delta \eta $ and $\Delta \phi $. |
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Figure 4-a:
Normalized distributions for some of the the training variables in the baseline selection. Distributions for signal points with different top squark and neutralino masses and SM ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}}$ events are compared. From top left to bottom right: ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$, $ {m_{\textrm {T2}}(\ell \ell)} $, $\Delta \eta $ and $\Delta \phi $. |
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Figure 4-b:
Normalized distributions for some of the the training variables in the baseline selection. Distributions for signal points with different top squark and neutralino masses and SM ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}}$ events are compared. From top left to bottom right: ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$, $ {m_{\textrm {T2}}(\ell \ell)} $, $\Delta \eta $ and $\Delta \phi $. |
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Figure 4-c:
Normalized distributions for some of the the training variables in the baseline selection. Distributions for signal points with different top squark and neutralino masses and SM ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}}$ events are compared. From top left to bottom right: ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$, $ {m_{\textrm {T2}}(\ell \ell)} $, $\Delta \eta $ and $\Delta \phi $. |
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Figure 4-d:
Normalized distributions for some of the the training variables in the baseline selection. Distributions for signal points with different top squark and neutralino masses and SM ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}}$ events are compared. From top left to bottom right: ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$, $ {m_{\textrm {T2}}(\ell \ell)} $, $\Delta \eta $ and $\Delta \phi $. |
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Figure 5:
Normalized DNN score distribution in the signal region for two mass hypotheses to compare signal and ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}}$ : $ {m_{\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{1}}} = $ 50 GeV and $ {{m}_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}} = $ 225 GeV, and $ {m_{\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{1}}} = $ 100 GeV and $ {{m}_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}} = $ 275 GeV. |
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Figure 6:
Post-fit DNN score distributions in the signal region with the signal superimposed and scaled by a factor 20 for different mass hypotheses of (from top left to bottom right) $ {{m}_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}}, {{m}_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1}} =$ 225, 50 GeV ; 275, 100 GeV ; 275, 70 GeV and 245, 100 GeV. The uncertainty band includes statistical, background normalization and all systematic uncertainties described in Sec. 5.4. Events from ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{W} $, ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $, DY and diboson processes are grouped into the 'Others' category. The lower panel contains the data-to-prediction ratio after the fit (dots) and before (line), each of them with their corresponding band of uncertainties, and the ratio between the sum of the signal and background predictions and the background prediction. The mass of the signal model corresponds to the mass of the DNN mass parameters in each distribution. |
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Figure 6-a:
Post-fit DNN score distributions in the signal region with the signal superimposed and scaled by a factor 20 for different mass hypotheses of (from top left to bottom right) $ {{m}_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}}, {{m}_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1}} =$ 225, 50 GeV ; 275, 100 GeV ; 275, 70 GeV and 245, 100 GeV. The uncertainty band includes statistical, background normalization and all systematic uncertainties described in Sec. 5.4. Events from ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{W} $, ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $, DY and diboson processes are grouped into the 'Others' category. The lower panel contains the data-to-prediction ratio after the fit (dots) and before (line), each of them with their corresponding band of uncertainties, and the ratio between the sum of the signal and background predictions and the background prediction. The mass of the signal model corresponds to the mass of the DNN mass parameters in each distribution. |
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Figure 6-b:
Post-fit DNN score distributions in the signal region with the signal superimposed and scaled by a factor 20 for different mass hypotheses of (from top left to bottom right) $ {{m}_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}}, {{m}_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1}} =$ 225, 50 GeV ; 275, 100 GeV ; 275, 70 GeV and 245, 100 GeV. The uncertainty band includes statistical, background normalization and all systematic uncertainties described in Sec. 5.4. Events from ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{W} $, ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $, DY and diboson processes are grouped into the 'Others' category. The lower panel contains the data-to-prediction ratio after the fit (dots) and before (line), each of them with their corresponding band of uncertainties, and the ratio between the sum of the signal and background predictions and the background prediction. The mass of the signal model corresponds to the mass of the DNN mass parameters in each distribution. |
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Figure 6-c:
Post-fit DNN score distributions in the signal region with the signal superimposed and scaled by a factor 20 for different mass hypotheses of (from top left to bottom right) $ {{m}_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}}, {{m}_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1}} =$ 225, 50 GeV ; 275, 100 GeV ; 275, 70 GeV and 245, 100 GeV. The uncertainty band includes statistical, background normalization and all systematic uncertainties described in Sec. 5.4. Events from ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{W} $, ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $, DY and diboson processes are grouped into the 'Others' category. The lower panel contains the data-to-prediction ratio after the fit (dots) and before (line), each of them with their corresponding band of uncertainties, and the ratio between the sum of the signal and background predictions and the background prediction. The mass of the signal model corresponds to the mass of the DNN mass parameters in each distribution. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-d:
Post-fit DNN score distributions in the signal region with the signal superimposed and scaled by a factor 20 for different mass hypotheses of (from top left to bottom right) $ {{m}_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}}, {{m}_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1}} =$ 225, 50 GeV ; 275, 100 GeV ; 275, 70 GeV and 245, 100 GeV. The uncertainty band includes statistical, background normalization and all systematic uncertainties described in Sec. 5.4. Events from ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{W} $, ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} \mathrm{Z} $, DY and diboson processes are grouped into the 'Others' category. The lower panel contains the data-to-prediction ratio after the fit (dots) and before (line), each of them with their corresponding band of uncertainties, and the ratio between the sum of the signal and background predictions and the background prediction. The mass of the signal model corresponds to the mass of the DNN mass parameters in each distribution. |
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Figure 7:
Observed and expected upper limits at 95% CL on the signal cross section as a function of the top squark mass and neutralino mass. The color indicates the 95% CL upper limit on the cross section at each point in the plane. |
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Figure 8:
Expected and observed limits in the $m_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}$-$m_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1}$ mass plane, for the $\tilde{\mathrm{t}} \to \mathrm{t} \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ model (top left), the $\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1} \to \mathrm{b} \tilde{\chi}^{+}_{1} \to \mathrm{b} \mathrm{W^{+}} \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ model (top right) and a model with a branching fraction of 50% for each of these top squark decay modes, assuming a mass difference between the neutralino and chargino of 5 GeV. The color indicates the 95% CL upper limit on the cross section at each point in the plane. The area below the thick black curve represents the observed exclusion region at 95% CL, while the dashed red lines indicate the expected limits at 95% CL and the region containing 68% of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis of the combined analyses. The thin black lines show the effect of the theoretical uncertainties in the signal cross section. |
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Figure 8-a:
Expected and observed limits in the $m_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}$-$m_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1}$ mass plane, for the $\tilde{\mathrm{t}} \to \mathrm{t} \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ model (top left), the $\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1} \to \mathrm{b} \tilde{\chi}^{+}_{1} \to \mathrm{b} \mathrm{W^{+}} \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ model (top right) and a model with a branching fraction of 50% for each of these top squark decay modes, assuming a mass difference between the neutralino and chargino of 5 GeV. The color indicates the 95% CL upper limit on the cross section at each point in the plane. The area below the thick black curve represents the observed exclusion region at 95% CL, while the dashed red lines indicate the expected limits at 95% CL and the region containing 68% of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis of the combined analyses. The thin black lines show the effect of the theoretical uncertainties in the signal cross section. |
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Figure 8-b:
Expected and observed limits in the $m_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}$-$m_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1}$ mass plane, for the $\tilde{\mathrm{t}} \to \mathrm{t} \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ model (top left), the $\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1} \to \mathrm{b} \tilde{\chi}^{+}_{1} \to \mathrm{b} \mathrm{W^{+}} \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ model (top right) and a model with a branching fraction of 50% for each of these top squark decay modes, assuming a mass difference between the neutralino and chargino of 5 GeV. The color indicates the 95% CL upper limit on the cross section at each point in the plane. The area below the thick black curve represents the observed exclusion region at 95% CL, while the dashed red lines indicate the expected limits at 95% CL and the region containing 68% of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis of the combined analyses. The thin black lines show the effect of the theoretical uncertainties in the signal cross section. |
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Figure 8-c:
Expected and observed limits in the $m_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1}}$-$m_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1}$ mass plane, for the $\tilde{\mathrm{t}} \to \mathrm{t} \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ model (top left), the $\tilde{\mathrm{t}}_{1} \to \mathrm{b} \tilde{\chi}^{+}_{1} \to \mathrm{b} \mathrm{W^{+}} \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ model (top right) and a model with a branching fraction of 50% for each of these top squark decay modes, assuming a mass difference between the neutralino and chargino of 5 GeV. The color indicates the 95% CL upper limit on the cross section at each point in the plane. The area below the thick black curve represents the observed exclusion region at 95% CL, while the dashed red lines indicate the expected limits at 95% CL and the region containing 68% of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis of the combined analyses. The thin black lines show the effect of the theoretical uncertainties in the signal cross section. |
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Figure 9:
The 95% CL expected (dashed line) and observed limits (solid line) on $\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {theory}}$ for a fermionic DM particle with $m_{\chi} = $ 1 GeV assuming different scalar (left) and pseudoscalar (right) mediator masses. The green and yellow bands represent the regions containing 68% and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The horizontal gray line indicates $\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {theory}}=1$. The mediator couplings are set to $g_\mathrm {q}=g_{\mathrm {DM}}=1$. |
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Figure 9-a:
The 95% CL expected (dashed line) and observed limits (solid line) on $\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {theory}}$ for a fermionic DM particle with $m_{\chi} = $ 1 GeV assuming different scalar (left) and pseudoscalar (right) mediator masses. The green and yellow bands represent the regions containing 68% and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The horizontal gray line indicates $\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {theory}}=1$. The mediator couplings are set to $g_\mathrm {q}=g_{\mathrm {DM}}=1$. |
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Figure 9-b:
The 95% CL expected (dashed line) and observed limits (solid line) on $\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {theory}}$ for a fermionic DM particle with $m_{\chi} = $ 1 GeV assuming different scalar (left) and pseudoscalar (right) mediator masses. The green and yellow bands represent the regions containing 68% and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The horizontal gray line indicates $\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {theory}}=1$. The mediator couplings are set to $g_\mathrm {q}=g_{\mathrm {DM}}=1$. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of the contribution of the experimental uncertainties on the DNN score distribution resulting for signal and the ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}}$ background. The values represent the relative variation in the number of expected events across different signal models. |
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Table 2:
Summary of the contribution of each modeling uncertainty source on the DNN score distribution resulting for the ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}}$ background. The values represent the relative variation in the number of expected events along the signal models. |
| Summary |
| Four searches for top squark pair production and their statistical combination are presented. The searches use a data set corresponding to 137 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS detector. Searches in final states with 0, 1 and 2 leptons with sensitivity to a large variety of signal scenarios are developed, using new techniques for heavy resonance tagging and other features like ${p_{\mathrm{T}}}^{\text{miss}}$ significance for enhanced background rejection. A dedicated analysis is presented that is sensitive to signal models where the mass splitting between the top squark and the LSP is close to the top quark mass. A deep neural network algorithm is used to separate the signal from the top-quark background using events containing an opposite-sign dilepton pair, at least two jets, at least one b-tagged jet, missing transverse momentum higher than 50 GeV and stransverse mass higher than 80 GeV. No excess of data over the SM prediction is observed and upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the top squark production cross section. Top squarks with mass from 145 to 275 GeV, for LSP mass from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squarks and LSP of up to 30 GeV, are excluded for the first time in CMS. The combined analyses exclude top squarks with masses up to 1325 GeV for a massless LSP and a LSP mass up to 700 GeV for a top squark mass of 1150 GeV, for certain models of top squark production. In an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair, mediator particle masses of 400 and 420 GeV are excluded for scalar or pseudoscalar mediators, respectively. |
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