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| CMS-SUS-16-008 ; CERN-EP-2016-284 | ||
| Searches for pair production of third-generation squarks in $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV pp collisions | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 12 December 2016 | ||
| Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 327 | ||
| Abstract: Searches are presented for direct production of top or bottom squark pairs in proton-proton collisions at the CERN LHC. Two searches, based on complementary techniques, are performed in all-jet final states that are characterized by a significant imbalance in transverse momentum. An additional search requires the presence of a charged lepton isolated from other activity in the event. The data were collected in 2015 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb$^{-1}$. No statistically significant excess of events is found beyond the expected contribution from standard model processes. Exclusion limits are set in the context of simplified models of top or bottom squark pair production. Models with top and bottom squark masses up to 830 and 890 GeV, respectively, are probed for light neutralinos. For models with top squark masses of 675 GeV, neutralino masses up to 260 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:1612.03877 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Feynman diagrams for pair production of top and bottom squarks via the decay modes considered in this paper. The model with 50% branching fractions for $ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} \to \mathrm{ t } ^{(*)} \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ and $ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} \to \mathrm{ b } \tilde{\chi}^{pm}_1 \to \mathrm{ b } {\mathrm{ W } } ^{\pm *} \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ decays leads to the final states in diagrams (a)-(c). |
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Figure 2:
The $ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} $ distribution after the baseline selection of the top squark search in the all-jet final state (left), and the number of reconstructed top quarks for events in the high-$ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} $ category (right). Signal models with different top squark and neutralino mass hypotheses are shown, with the first number indicating the assumed top squark mass in units of GeV and the second the neutralino mass. The expected signal yields are scaled up by a factor of 10 to facilitate comparison of the distributions with expectations from SM backgrounds. In this and subsequent figures, the last bin shown includes the overflow events. |
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Figure 2-a:
The $ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} $ distribution after the baseline selection of the top squark search in the all-jet final state. Signal models with different top squark and neutralino mass hypotheses are shown, with the first number indicating the assumed top squark mass in units of GeV and the second the neutralino mass. The expected signal yields are scaled up by a factor of 10 to facilitate comparison of the distributions with expectations from SM backgrounds. In this and subsequent figures, the last bin shown includes the overflow events. |
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Figure 2-b:
The number of reconstructed top quarks for events in the high-$ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} $ category. Signal models with different top squark and neutralino mass hypotheses are shown, with the first number indicating the assumed top squark mass in units of GeV and the second the neutralino mass. The expected signal yields are scaled up by a factor of 10 to facilitate comparison of the distributions with expectations from SM backgrounds. In this and subsequent figures, the last bin shown includes the overflow events. |
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Figure 3:
Observed and estimated SM background and signal yields in the SRs of the top squark search in the all-jet final state: $ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} <$ 175 GeV, 5 $\leq {N_{\mathrm {j}}} \leq$ 6 (upper left), $ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} <$ 175 GeV, $ {N_{\mathrm {j}}} \geq$ 7 (upper right), $ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} \geq $ 175 GeV, $ {N_{\mathrm{ t } }} = $ 0, 5 $ \leq {N_{\mathrm {j}}} \leq$ 6 (middle left), $ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} \geq $ 175 GeV, $ {N_{\mathrm{ t } }} = $ 0, ${N_{\mathrm {j}}} \geq $ 7 (middle right), $ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} \geq $ 175 GeV, $ {N_{\mathrm{ t } }} \geq $ 1, ${N_{\mathrm {j}}} \geq $ 5 (bottom row). The first 5 bins in each plot correspond to $ {E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}} $ ranges of 250-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, $>$ 600 GeV for $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} = $ 1, and the second 5 bins correspond to the same ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ binning for $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} \geq $ 2. The SM background predictions shown do not include the effects of the maximum likelihood fit to the data. The ratio of the data to the SM prediction extracted from CRs is shown in the lower panel of each plot. |
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Figure 3-a:
Observed and estimated SM background and signal yields in the SRs of the top squark search in the all-jet final state: $ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} <$ 175 GeV, 5 $\leq {N_{\mathrm {j}}} \leq$ 6. The first 5 bins in the plot correspond to $ {E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}} $ ranges of 250-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, $>$ 600 GeV for $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} = $ 1, and the second 5 bins correspond to the same ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ binning for $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} \geq $ 2. The SM background predictions shown do not include the effects of the maximum likelihood fit to the data. The ratio of the data to the SM prediction extracted from CRs is shown in the lower panel of the plot. |
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Figure 3-b:
Observed and estimated SM background and signal yields in the SRs of the top squark search in the all-jet final state: $ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} <$ 175 GeV, $ {N_{\mathrm {j}}} \geq$ 7. The first 5 bins in the plot correspond to $ {E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}} $ ranges of 250-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, $>$ 600 GeV for $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} = $ 1, and the second 5 bins correspond to the same ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ binning for $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} \geq $ 2. The SM background predictions shown do not include the effects of the maximum likelihood fit to the data. The ratio of the data to the SM prediction extracted from CRs is shown in the lower panel of the plot. |
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Figure 3-c:
Observed and estimated SM background and signal yields in the SRs of the top squark search in the all-jet final state: $ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} \geq $ 175 GeV, $ {N_{\mathrm{ t } }} = $ 0, 5 $ \leq {N_{\mathrm {j}}} \leq$ 6. The first 5 bins in the plot correspond to $ {E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}} $ ranges of 250-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, $>$ 600 GeV for $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} = $ 1, and the second 5 bins correspond to the same ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ binning for $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} \geq $ 2. The SM background predictions shown do not include the effects of the maximum likelihood fit to the data. The ratio of the data to the SM prediction extracted from CRs is shown in the lower panel of the plot. |
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Figure 3-d:
Observed and estimated SM background and signal yields in the SRs of the top squark search in the all-jet final state: $ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} \geq $ 175 GeV, $ {N_{\mathrm{ t } }} = $ 0, ${N_{\mathrm {j}}} \geq $ 7. The first 5 bins in the plot correspond to $ {E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}} $ ranges of 250-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, $>$ 600 GeV for $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} = $ 1, and the second 5 bins correspond to the same ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ binning for $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} \geq $ 2. The SM background predictions shown do not include the effects of the maximum likelihood fit to the data. The ratio of the data to the SM prediction extracted from CRs is shown in the lower panel of the plot. |
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Figure 3-e:
Observed and estimated SM background and signal yields in the SRs of the top squark search in the all-jet final state: $ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} \geq $ 175 GeV, $ {N_{\mathrm{ t } }} \geq $ 1, ${N_{\mathrm {j}}} \geq $ 5. The first 5 bins in the plot correspond to $ {E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}} $ ranges of 250-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, $>$ 600 GeV for $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} = $ 1, and the second 5 bins correspond to the same ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ binning for $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} \geq $ 2. The SM background predictions shown do not include the effects of the maximum likelihood fit to the data. The ratio of the data to the SM prediction extracted from CRs is shown in the lower panel of the plot. |
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Figure 4:
The ${M_{\mathrm {T2}}^{\mathrm{ W } }}$ (left) and $t_\text {mod}$ (right) distributions for signal and backgrounds after the preselection are shown. The ${M_{\mathrm {T2}}^{\mathrm{ W } }}$ variable is shown for events with four or more jets, while $t_\text {mod}$ is shown for events with at least two jets. Signal models with different top squark and neutralino mass hypotheses are shown for comparison. |
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Figure 4-a:
The ${M_{\mathrm {T2}}^{\mathrm{ W } }}$ distribution for signal and backgrounds after the preselection is shown. The ${M_{\mathrm {T2}}^{\mathrm{ W } }}$ variable is shown for events with four or more jets. Signal models with different top squark and neutralino mass hypotheses are shown for comparison. |
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Figure 4-b:
The $t_\text {mod}$ distribution for signal and backgrounds after the preselection is shown. The $t_\text {mod}$ is shown for events with at least two jets. Signal models with different top squark and neutralino mass hypotheses are shown for comparison. |
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Figure 5:
Background estimates from data and simulation, together with the observed yields in the SRs of the single-lepton analysis, described in Table {tab1l:SR}. The uncertainties, which are the quadratic sums of statistical and systematic uncertainties, are indicated by the cross-hatched areas. Three signal hypotheses are overlaid. The hypothesis $ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} \to \mathrm{ t } \tilde{\chi}^0_1 / {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} \to \mathrm{ b } \tilde{\chi}^{pm}_1 $ has branching fractions $\mathcal {B}( {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} \to \mathrm{ t } \tilde{\chi}^0_1)=\mathcal {B}( {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} \to \mathrm{ b } \tilde{\chi}^{pm}_1)=0.5$. |
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Figure 6:
Observed events and estimated SM background and signal yields for the compressed (top) and noncompressed (bottom) SRs for the bottom squark search in the all-jet final state. The observed data yield is shown as black points and the total background predictions are shown in solid area. The bottom panel shows the ratio of data to the total background prediction in each search bin. Only statistical uncertainties are propagated to the ratio. |
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Figure 6-a:
Observed events and estimated SM background and signal yields for the compressed SR for the bottom squark search in the all-jet final state. The observed data yield is shown as black points and the total background predictions are shown in solid area. The bottom panel shows the ratio of data to the total background prediction in each search bin. Only statistical uncertainties are propagated to the ratio. |
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Figure 6-b:
Observed events and estimated SM background and signal yields for the noncompressed SR for the bottom squark search in the all-jet final state. The observed data yield is shown as black points and the total background predictions are shown in solid area. The bottom panel shows the ratio of data to the total background prediction in each search bin. Only statistical uncertainties are propagated to the ratio. |
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Figure 7:
Exclusion limits at 95% CL for direct top squark pair production for the decay mode $ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} \to \mathrm{ t } ^{(*)}\tilde{\chi}^0_1 $. The interpretation is performed in the two-dimensional space of $m_{ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} }$ vs. $m_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1 }$. The color indicates the 95% CL upper limit on the product of cross section and branching fraction at each point in the $m_{ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} }$-$m_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1 }$ plane. The regions enclosed by the thick black curves represent the observed exclusion at 95% CL, while the dashed red lines indicate the expected limits at 95% CL and their $\pm $1 s.d. experimental uncertainties. The thin black lines show the impact of the $\pm $1 s.d. theoretical uncertainties in the signal cross section. The blue dotted curve and the magenta short-dashed curves show the expected limits for the analysis in the all-jet (Section {sec:1lstop}) and single-lepton (Section {sec:stop0l}) final states, respectively. The limits in the region near $\Delta m\approx m_{\mathrm{ t } }$ and low $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ mass are not shown due to the difficulty in modelling rapidly varying kinematics in this region. |
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Figure 8:
Exclusion limits at 95% CL for direct top squark pair production assuming equal branching fractions for the decays $ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} \to \mathrm{ t } ^{(*)}\tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ and $ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} \to \mathrm{ b } \tilde{\chi}^{pm}_1 $. The interpretation is performed in the two-dimensional space of $m_{ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} }$ vs. $m_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1 }$. The chargino is considered to be nearly mass-degenerate with the LSP ($m_{\tilde{\chi}^{pm}_1 } = m_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1 } + 5$ GeV). The caption of Fig. {fig:limits:T2tt} explains the use of lines and colors in detail. |
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Figure 9:
Exclusion limits at 95% CL for direct top squark pair production with decay $ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} \to \mathrm{c} \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ using the compressed SRs of the bottom squark analysis (Section {sec:sbottom}). The interpretation is done in the two-dimensional space of $m_{ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} }$ vs. $m_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1 }$. The caption of Fig. {fig:limits:T2tt} explains the use of lines and colors in detail. |
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Figure 10:
Exclusion limits at 95% CL for direct bottom squark pair production with decay $ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ b } } _{1}} \to \mathrm{ b } \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $. The interpretation is performed in the two-dimensional space of $m_{ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ b } } _{1}} }$ vs. $m_{\tilde{\chi}^0_1 }$ using the results of the bottom squark analysis (Section {sec:sbottom}). The caption of Fig. {fig:limits:T2tt} explains the use of lines and colors in detail. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Categorization in $ {M_{\mathrm {T}}(\mathrm{ b } _{1,2}, {\vec{E}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})} $, $ {N_{\mathrm {j}}} $, $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} $, and $ {N_{\mathrm{ t } }} $ used to define the SRs for the top squark search in the all-jet final state. Events in each category are further separated into the following ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ regions: 250-300, 300-400, 400-500, 500-600, and $>$ 600 GeV, resulting in 50 disjoint SRs. |
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Table 2:
Observed and predicted background yields in the different search regions for the top squark search in the all-jet final state. The total uncertainty is given for each background prediction. |
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Table 3:
Summary of the SR definitions for the single-lepton search. |
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Table 4:
Background estimates from data and simulation, and observed data yields for the single-lepton top squark analysis using 2.3 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected during 2015 pp collisions. The uncertainties are the quadratic sums of statistical and systematic uncertainties. |
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Table 5:
A summary of the baseline selections used for the noncompressed and compressed $ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ b } } _{1}} $ and $ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} \to \mathrm{c} \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ compressed SRs. |
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Table 6:
The categorization in ${H_{\mathrm {T,12}}}$ and ${m_{\mathrm {CT}}} $ for the SRs targeting noncompressed signal scenarios, and in $ {N_{\mathrm{ b } }} $ and ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ for those targeting compressed signal scenarios. |
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Table 7:
Observed number of events and background prediction in the different SRs for the $ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ b } } _{1}} $ and $ {\tilde{ \mathrm{ t } } _{1}} \to \mathrm{c} \tilde{\chi}^0_1 $ searches. The total uncertainty in the background predictions is also shown. |
| Summary |
| Results are presented from three complementary searches for top or bottom squark-antisquark pairs in data collected with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb$^{-1}$. The search for top squarks is carried out in the all-jet and single-lepton final states, which are combined for the final result. A second search in all-jet events is designed for bottom squark pairs and for top squarks decaying to charm quarks through a flavour changing neutral current process. No statistically significant excess of events is observed above the expected standard model background, and exclusion limits are set at 95% confidence level in the context of simplified models of direct top and bottom squark pair production. Limits for top squark masses of 830 GeV are established for a massless lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), and for LSP masses up to 260 GeV for a 675 GeV top squark mass, when all top squarks are assumed to decay to a top quark and an LSP. When the top squarks can also decay to a bottom quark and a chargino, this reach is reduced. Assuming a mass splitting between the top squark and the LSP close to 10 GeV, and top squarks that decay to a charm quark and an LSP, top squark mass limits up to 240 GeV are established. Finally, bottom squark mass limits up to 890 GeV are established for small LSP masses. The results extend the reach with respect to previous limits obtained from LHC Run 1 data in most of the parameter space. |
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