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| CMS-SUS-23-012 ; CERN-EP-2025-100 | ||
| Search for dark matter produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to a $ \tau $ lepton pair in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 4 June 2025 | ||
| JHEP 10 (2025) 170 | ||
| Abstract: A search for dark matter particles produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying into a pair of $ \tau $ leptons is performed using data collected in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector. The analysis is based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb$ ^{-1} $ collected in 2017-2018. No significant excess over the expected standard model background is observed. This result is interpreted within the frameworks of the 2HDM+a and baryonic Z' benchmark simplified models. The 2HDM+a model is a type-II two-Higgs-doublet model featuring a heavy pseudoscalar with an additional light pseudoscalar. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the production cross section and the branching fraction for each of these two simplified models. Heavy pseudoscalar boson masses between 400 and 700 GeV are excluded for a light pseudoscalar mass of 100 GeV. For the baryonic Z' model, a statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data set of 36 fb$ ^{-1} $ collected in 2016. In this model, Z' boson masses up to 1050 GeV are excluded for a dark matter particle mass of 1 GeV. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2506.04431 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Representative Feynman diagrams for leading order DM-associated production of a Higgs boson in the 2HDM+a} (left) and baryonic Z' (right) models. |
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Figure 1-a:
Representative Feynman diagrams for leading order DM-associated production of a Higgs boson in the 2HDM+a} (left) and baryonic Z' (right) models. |
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Figure 1-b:
Representative Feynman diagrams for leading order DM-associated production of a Higgs boson in the 2HDM+a} (left) and baryonic Z' (right) models. |
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Figure 2:
Distributions of the total transverse mass $ M_\mathrm{T}^{\text{tot}} $ in the SRs, for observed data and SM prediction in the $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper), $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (center), and $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (lower) final states in 2017 (left) and 2018 (right) after the simultaneous maximum likelihood fit. Representative signal distributions are shown for the 2HDM+a} (dashed red curve) and baryonic Z' (solid black curve) models. The data points are shown with their statistical uncertainties, and the last bin includes overflow. The ``Other MC'' background contribution includes events from ggh, VBF, $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{h} $, $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $, and electroweak vector boson production. The uncertainty band accounts for all systematic and statistical sources of uncertainty, after the fit to the data. |
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Figure 2-a:
Distributions of the total transverse mass $ M_\mathrm{T}^{\text{tot}} $ in the SRs, for observed data and SM prediction in the $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper), $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (center), and $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (lower) final states in 2017 (left) and 2018 (right) after the simultaneous maximum likelihood fit. Representative signal distributions are shown for the 2HDM+a} (dashed red curve) and baryonic Z' (solid black curve) models. The data points are shown with their statistical uncertainties, and the last bin includes overflow. The ``Other MC'' background contribution includes events from ggh, VBF, $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{h} $, $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $, and electroweak vector boson production. The uncertainty band accounts for all systematic and statistical sources of uncertainty, after the fit to the data. |
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Figure 2-b:
Distributions of the total transverse mass $ M_\mathrm{T}^{\text{tot}} $ in the SRs, for observed data and SM prediction in the $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper), $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (center), and $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (lower) final states in 2017 (left) and 2018 (right) after the simultaneous maximum likelihood fit. Representative signal distributions are shown for the 2HDM+a} (dashed red curve) and baryonic Z' (solid black curve) models. The data points are shown with their statistical uncertainties, and the last bin includes overflow. The ``Other MC'' background contribution includes events from ggh, VBF, $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{h} $, $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $, and electroweak vector boson production. The uncertainty band accounts for all systematic and statistical sources of uncertainty, after the fit to the data. |
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Figure 2-c:
Distributions of the total transverse mass $ M_\mathrm{T}^{\text{tot}} $ in the SRs, for observed data and SM prediction in the $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper), $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (center), and $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (lower) final states in 2017 (left) and 2018 (right) after the simultaneous maximum likelihood fit. Representative signal distributions are shown for the 2HDM+a} (dashed red curve) and baryonic Z' (solid black curve) models. The data points are shown with their statistical uncertainties, and the last bin includes overflow. The ``Other MC'' background contribution includes events from ggh, VBF, $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{h} $, $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $, and electroweak vector boson production. The uncertainty band accounts for all systematic and statistical sources of uncertainty, after the fit to the data. |
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Figure 2-d:
Distributions of the total transverse mass $ M_\mathrm{T}^{\text{tot}} $ in the SRs, for observed data and SM prediction in the $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper), $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (center), and $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (lower) final states in 2017 (left) and 2018 (right) after the simultaneous maximum likelihood fit. Representative signal distributions are shown for the 2HDM+a} (dashed red curve) and baryonic Z' (solid black curve) models. The data points are shown with their statistical uncertainties, and the last bin includes overflow. The ``Other MC'' background contribution includes events from ggh, VBF, $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{h} $, $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $, and electroweak vector boson production. The uncertainty band accounts for all systematic and statistical sources of uncertainty, after the fit to the data. |
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Figure 2-e:
Distributions of the total transverse mass $ M_\mathrm{T}^{\text{tot}} $ in the SRs, for observed data and SM prediction in the $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper), $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (center), and $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (lower) final states in 2017 (left) and 2018 (right) after the simultaneous maximum likelihood fit. Representative signal distributions are shown for the 2HDM+a} (dashed red curve) and baryonic Z' (solid black curve) models. The data points are shown with their statistical uncertainties, and the last bin includes overflow. The ``Other MC'' background contribution includes events from ggh, VBF, $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{h} $, $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $, and electroweak vector boson production. The uncertainty band accounts for all systematic and statistical sources of uncertainty, after the fit to the data. |
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Figure 2-f:
Distributions of the total transverse mass $ M_\mathrm{T}^{\text{tot}} $ in the SRs, for observed data and SM prediction in the $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper), $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (center), and $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (lower) final states in 2017 (left) and 2018 (right) after the simultaneous maximum likelihood fit. Representative signal distributions are shown for the 2HDM+a} (dashed red curve) and baryonic Z' (solid black curve) models. The data points are shown with their statistical uncertainties, and the last bin includes overflow. The ``Other MC'' background contribution includes events from ggh, VBF, $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{h} $, $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $, and electroweak vector boson production. The uncertainty band accounts for all systematic and statistical sources of uncertainty, after the fit to the data. |
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Figure 3:
The 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ for the 2HDM+a} model as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{a}} $ (upper let), $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ (upper right), $ \sin\theta $ (lower left) and $ \tan\beta $ (lower right). The values assumed for the other parameters are shown on each figure. The interpolation between the points is linear. |
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Figure 3-a:
The 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ for the 2HDM+a} model as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{a}} $ (upper let), $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ (upper right), $ \sin\theta $ (lower left) and $ \tan\beta $ (lower right). The values assumed for the other parameters are shown on each figure. The interpolation between the points is linear. |
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Figure 3-b:
The 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ for the 2HDM+a} model as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{a}} $ (upper let), $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ (upper right), $ \sin\theta $ (lower left) and $ \tan\beta $ (lower right). The values assumed for the other parameters are shown on each figure. The interpolation between the points is linear. |
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Figure 3-c:
The 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ for the 2HDM+a} model as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{a}} $ (upper let), $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ (upper right), $ \sin\theta $ (lower left) and $ \tan\beta $ (lower right). The values assumed for the other parameters are shown on each figure. The interpolation between the points is linear. |
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Figure 3-d:
The 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ for the 2HDM+a} model as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{a}} $ (upper let), $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ (upper right), $ \sin\theta $ (lower left) and $ \tan\beta $ (lower right). The values assumed for the other parameters are shown on each figure. The interpolation between the points is linear. |
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Figure 4:
The 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ in the ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{a}} $) plane for the 2HDM+a} model. The regions inside the red and black curves correspond to the observed and expected exclusions at 95% CL, respectively. |
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Figure 5:
The 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ for the baryonic Z' model. Left: Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} $, using $ m_{\chi} $ = 1 GeV. Right: 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ in the ($ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} $,$ m_{\chi} $) plane. The regions inside the red and black curve correspond to the observed and expected exclusions at 95% CL, respectively. |
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Figure 5-a:
The 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ for the baryonic Z' model. Left: Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} $, using $ m_{\chi} $ = 1 GeV. Right: 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ in the ($ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} $,$ m_{\chi} $) plane. The regions inside the red and black curve correspond to the observed and expected exclusions at 95% CL, respectively. |
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Figure 5-b:
The 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ for the baryonic Z' model. Left: Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} $, using $ m_{\chi} $ = 1 GeV. Right: 95% CL upper limits on $ \mu $ in the ($ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} $,$ m_{\chi} $) plane. The regions inside the red and black curve correspond to the observed and expected exclusions at 95% CL, respectively. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Target $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ identification efficiencies for the different working points defined for the three different discriminants that are used in the analysis. These identification efficiencies are evaluated for genuine $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ candidates in simulated $ \mathrm{H}\to\tau\tau $ events with $ p_{\mathrm{T}} \in $ [30, 70] GeV for $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $. |
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Table 2:
Mass values scanning the available phase space in the ($ m_{\mathrm{a}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{A}} $) plane, used in the simulation for the 2HDM+a} model. The phase space is limited by $ m_{\mathrm{A}} - m_{\mathrm{a}} < $ 125 GeV, where 125 GeV is the Higgs mass. |
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Table 3:
Mass values scanning the available phase space in the ($ m_{\chi} $,$ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} $) plane, used in the simulation for the baryonic Z' model. The phase space is limited by $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} - m_{\chi} < $ 125 GeV, where 125 GeV is the Higgs mass, and by $ m_{\chi} < m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}}/ $ 2. |
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Table 4:
Offline selection requirements applied to e, $ \mu $, and $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ candidates used for the selection of $ \tau $ pairs. The expressions ``first lepton" and ``second lepton" refer to the lepton order of the final state in the first column. |
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Table 5:
The post-fit estimated background yields and the observed number of events for the $ M_\mathrm{T}^{\text{tot}} $ distribution in the SR, combined for the 2017 and 2018 data. The ``Other MC'' background contribution includes events from ggh, VBF, $ \mathrm{W}\mathrm{h} $, $ \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $, $ \mathrm{Z} \rightarrow $ Others, and electroweak vector boson production. The uncertainties in the total expected yields include both statistical and systematic contributions. |
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Table 6:
Systematic uncertainties with their source, magnitude and correlations between data samples from either different data-taking years or different final states |
| Summary |
| A search for dark matter produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to a pair of $ \tau $ leptons has been performed using a data set of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb$ ^{-1} $. The results are interpreted within the framework of two benchmark simplified models: the 2HDM+a model, where a heavy pseudoscalar couples to a Higgs boson and a lighter pseudoscalar that decays to dark matter particles, and the baryonic Z' model, where a high mass resonance ( Z') decays into a pair of dark matter particles and a standard model Higgs boson. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction for both models. In the 2HDM+a model, heavy pseudoscalar masses between 400 and 700 GeV are excluded for a light pseudoscalar mass around 100 GeV. For the baryonic Z' model, the results are combined with those of an earlier search using an independent data set collected at the same center-of-mass energy, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb$ ^{-1} $. Z' masses up to 1050 GeV are excluded for a dark matter particle mass of 1 GeV, based on a data sample corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. |
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