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| CMS-HIG-24-003 ; CERN-EP-2026-080 | ||
| Search for associated production of a Higgs boson and two vector bosons via vector boson scattering at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 27 April 2026 | ||
| Submitted to Physical Review Letters | ||
| Abstract: A search for Higgs boson (H) production in association with two vector bosons ($ \mathrm{V} = \mathrm{W} $, Z) via vector boson scattering (VBS) is presented using proton-proton collision data collected at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. Events containing two forward jets consistent with VBS, a large-radius jet from the decay of a boosted H to a pair of b quarks, and 0, 1, or 2 charged leptons coming from V decays are selected. The process is excluded at 95%CL for observed (expected) values of the $ \mathrm{V}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{H} $ coupling modifier $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} $ outside the interval 0.40 $ < \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} < $ 1.60 (0.34 $ < \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} < $ 1.66), assuming standard model values for all other couplings, thus establishing a novel probe of the $ \mathrm{V}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{H} $ interaction. Constraints are also set on the individual $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{W}} $ and $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{Z}} $ coupling modifiers, and on the allowed region in the $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{W}}-\kappa_{2\mathrm{Z}} $ plane. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2604.24531 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Examples of tree-level Feynman diagrams for the production of $ \mathrm{V}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{H} $ via VBS, with dependencies on the H self-coupling (left) and the $ \mathrm{V}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{H} $ quartic coupling (right). The corresponding vertices are denoted by the $ \kappa_{\lambda} $ and $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} $ modifiers, respectively. |
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Figure 1-a:
Examples of tree-level Feynman diagrams for the production of $ \mathrm{V}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{H} $ via VBS, with dependencies on the H self-coupling (left) and the $ \mathrm{V}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{H} $ quartic coupling (right). The corresponding vertices are denoted by the $ \kappa_{\lambda} $ and $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} $ modifiers, respectively. |
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Figure 1-b:
Examples of tree-level Feynman diagrams for the production of $ \mathrm{V}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{H} $ via VBS, with dependencies on the H self-coupling (left) and the $ \mathrm{V}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{H}\mathrm{H} $ quartic coupling (right). The corresponding vertices are denoted by the $ \kappa_{\lambda} $ and $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} $ modifiers, respectively. |
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Figure 2:
Observed (solid) and expected (dashed) 95% CL constraints on the VBS $ \mathrm{V}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{H} $ production cross section as a function of $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} $, with other couplings fixed to their SM values. The intersections with the predicted cross section (blue) indicate the excluded $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} $ ranges. |
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Figure 3:
Observed (solid) and expected (dashed) 95% CL constraints on the VBS $ \mathrm{V}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{H} $ production cross section as a function of $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{W}} $ (left) and $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{Z}} $ (right). The intersections with the predicted cross section (blue) indicate excluded coupling ranges. |
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Figure 3-a:
Observed (solid) and expected (dashed) 95% CL constraints on the VBS $ \mathrm{V}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{H} $ production cross section as a function of $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{W}} $ (left) and $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{Z}} $ (right). The intersections with the predicted cross section (blue) indicate excluded coupling ranges. |
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Figure 3-b:
Observed (solid) and expected (dashed) 95% CL constraints on the VBS $ \mathrm{V}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{H} $ production cross section as a function of $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{W}} $ (left) and $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{Z}} $ (right). The intersections with the predicted cross section (blue) indicate excluded coupling ranges. |
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Figure 4:
Observed (solid) and expected (dashed) exclusion regions corresponding to 1, 2, and 5 standard deviations ($ \sigma $), as obtained from a likelihood scan in the two-dimensional $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{W}}-\kappa_{2\mathrm{Z}} $ plane. |
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Figure A1:
Two-dimensional distributions of the DNN output and the $ |\Delta\eta_{\mathrm{j}\mathrm{j}}| $ in the all-hadronic channel, as obtained in data. These are the axes used in this channel to define the ABCD samples. A profile histogram is overlaid to better depict the statistical independence of the two variables. |
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Figure A2:
Two-dimensional distributions of the DNN output and the $ |\Delta\eta_{\mathrm{j}\mathrm{j}}| $ in the all-hadronic channel, as obtained in background simulated events. These are the axes used in this channel to define the ABCD samples. A profile histogram is overlaid to better depict the statistical independence of the two variables. |
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Figure A3:
Two-dimensional distributions of the DNN output and the VBS BDT output in the single-lepton channel, as obtained in data. These are the axes used in this channel to define the ABCD samples. A profile histogram is overlaid to better depict the statistical independence of the two variables. |
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Figure A4:
Two-dimensional distributions of the DNN output and the VBS BDT output in the single-lepton channel, as obtained in background simulated events. These are the axes used in this channel to define the ABCD samples. A profile histogram is overlaid to better depict the statistical independence of the two variables. |
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Figure A5:
Distribution of the DNN output in the regions B and D of the all-hadronic channel. The expected signal for the standard model scenario (orange) and for $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} = $ 2 (red) is superimposed to the data (black markers). The cross section used for signal is computed at leading order using MADGRAPH, and is scaled by a factor 1000 (100) for the SM ($ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} = $ 2) signal to improve visibility. |
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Figure A6:
Distribution of the DNN output in the regions A and C of the all-hadronic channel. The expected signal for the standard model scenario (orange) and for $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} = $ 2 (red) is superimposed to the data (black markers). The cross section used for signal is computed at leading order using MADGRAPH, and is scaled by a factor 10 for the SM signal to improve visibility. |
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Figure A7:
Distribution of the DNN output in the regions B and D of the single-lepton channel. The expected signal for the standard model scenario (orange) and for $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} = $ 2 (red) is superimposed to the data (black markers). The cross section used for signal is computed at leading order using MADGRAPH, and is scaled by a factor 1000 (100) for the SM ($ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} = $ 2) signal to improve visibility. |
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Figure A8:
Distribution of the DNN output in the regions A and C of the single-lepton channel. The expected signal for the standard model scenario (orange) and for $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} = $ 2 (red) is superimposed to the data (black markers). The cross section used for signal is computed at leading order using MADGRAPH, and is scaled by a factor 10 for the SM signal to improve visibility. |
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Figure A9:
Comparison of the expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL limits on $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} $. The combined limit is shown as in black, while the limits obtained in individual channel are shown as colored lines. |
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Figure A9-a:
Comparison of the expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL limits on $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} $. The combined limit is shown as in black, while the limits obtained in individual channel are shown as colored lines. |
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Figure A9-b:
Comparison of the expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL limits on $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} $. The combined limit is shown as in black, while the limits obtained in individual channel are shown as colored lines. |
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Figure A10:
Comparison of the expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL limits on $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{W}} $. The combined limit is shown as in black, while the limits obtained in individual channel are shown as colored lines. |
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Figure A10-a:
Comparison of the expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL limits on $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{W}} $. The combined limit is shown as in black, while the limits obtained in individual channel are shown as colored lines. |
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Figure A10-b:
Comparison of the expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL limits on $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{W}} $. The combined limit is shown as in black, while the limits obtained in individual channel are shown as colored lines. |
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Figure A11:
Comparison of the expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL limits on $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{Z}} $. The combined limit is shown as in black, while the limits obtained in individual channel are shown as colored lines. |
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Figure A11-a:
Comparison of the expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL limits on $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{Z}} $. The combined limit is shown as in black, while the limits obtained in individual channel are shown as colored lines. |
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Figure A11-b:
Comparison of the expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL limits on $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{Z}} $. The combined limit is shown as in black, while the limits obtained in individual channel are shown as colored lines. |
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Figure A12:
Comparison of the expected (left) and observed (right) exclusion regions corresponding to 2 standard deviations ($ \sigma $), in the two-dimensional $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{W}}-\kappa_{2\mathrm{Z}} $ plane. The combined exclusion region is shown as in black, while the exclusion regions obtained in individual channel are shown as colored lines. |
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Figure A12-a:
Comparison of the expected (left) and observed (right) exclusion regions corresponding to 2 standard deviations ($ \sigma $), in the two-dimensional $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{W}}-\kappa_{2\mathrm{Z}} $ plane. The combined exclusion region is shown as in black, while the exclusion regions obtained in individual channel are shown as colored lines. |
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Figure A12-b:
Comparison of the expected (left) and observed (right) exclusion regions corresponding to 2 standard deviations ($ \sigma $), in the two-dimensional $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{W}}-\kappa_{2\mathrm{Z}} $ plane. The combined exclusion region is shown as in black, while the exclusion regions obtained in individual channel are shown as colored lines. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Selection criteria used in the all-hadronic fully boosted channel. If selection criteria differ across years, they are quoted as ``2016/2017/2018''. |
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Table 2:
Selection criteria used in the all-hadronic semi-boosted channel. If the selection criteria differ across years, they are quoted as ``2016/2017/2018''. |
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Table 3:
Selection criteria used in the single-lepton channel. If the selection criteria differ across years, they are quoted as ``2016/2017/2018''. |
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Table 4:
Selection criteria in used the OS WW dilepton channel. If the selection criteria differ across years, they are quoted as ``2016/2017/2018''. |
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Table 5:
Selection criteria used in the OS Z dilepton channel. If the selection criteria differ across years, they are quoted as ``2016/2017/2018''. |
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Table 6:
Selection criteria used in the SS dilepton channel. If the selection criteria differ across years, they are quoted as ``2016/2017/2018''. |
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Table 7:
Summary of the selections used to define the signal region, or region A, in the all-hadronic, single-lepton, and OS dilepton channels. The selections on the ``AB axis'' and ``AC axis'' are inverted to define the regions B, C and D. Additional selections on the $ X\to\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ and $ X\to\mathrm{qq} $ scores are applied after the training to further improve the sensitivity of the search. For the all-hadronic fully boosted channel, the selections on the $ X\to\mathrm{qq} $ score are applied on the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $-leading/subleading vector boson candidates. |
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Table 8:
Data yields in regions B, C and D, used to estimate the background in region A, along with data, predicted background, and expected signal in region A. Signal yields are shown for the SM and $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}}= $ 2 benchmarks. |
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Table 9:
Data yields, predicted background and expected signal in signal (SR) and control regions (CR) of the same-sign dilepton channel. |
| Summary |
| In summary, the first study of VVH production through vector boson scattering is presented, using proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016--2018, at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1}$. Selected events are consistent with the presence of two jets originating from VBS and an H decaying into a pair of b quarks, reconstructed as a single large-radius jet. Final states with zero, one, or two charged leptons arising from the decay of two vector bosons are studied. The VBS VVH production is excluded at 95% CL for values of the $k_{2V}$ coupling modifier outside the observed (expected) range of $0.40 < k_{2V} < 1.60$ ($0.34 < k_{2V} < 1.66$), assuming all other H couplings are equal to their values in the standard model.The results represent one of the best constraints to date on $k_{2V}$ using CMS data, complementing the results obtained from searches for H pair production, and laying the foundation for future, similar studies.The $k_{2W}$ and $k_{2Z}$ coupling modifiers are also constrained independently in the observed (expected) ranges of $0.17 < k_{2W}< 1.84$ ($0.11 < k_{2W} < 1.89$) and $-0.37 < k_{2Z} < 2.38$ ($-0.54 < k_{2Z} < 2.54$), respectively. A two-dimensional scan, determining exclusion regions in the $k_{2W}-k_{2Z}$ plane, is also provided, which largely improves on the constraints coming from the CMS search for VHH production. |
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