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| CMS-HIG-23-003 ; CERN-EP-2024-186 | ||
| Search for bottom quark associated production of the standard model Higgs boson in final states with leptons in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 2 August 2024 | ||
| Submitted to Phys. Lett. B | ||
| Abstract: This Letter presents the first search for bottom quark associated production of the standard model Higgs boson, in final states with leptons. Higgs boson decays to pairs of tau leptons and pairs of leptonically decaying W bosons are considered. The search is performed using data collected from 2016 to 2018 by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are placed on the signal strength for Higgs boson production in association with bottom quarks; the observed (expected) upper limit is 3.7 (6.1) times the standard model prediction. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2408.01344 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures & Tables | Summary | Additional Figures & Tables | References | CMS Publications |
|---|
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Dominant Feynman diagrams contributing to Higgs boson production in association with b quarks [11,15]. The diagrams initiated by gluons (quarks) are shown in the upper (lower) row. The red circle is used to mark the Higgs boson coupling to b quarks, the green circle marks the Higgs boson coupling to top quarks, and the blue circle marks the coupling between the Higgs boson and vector bosons. In the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{H} $ diagram (upper left), the additional gluon is radiated from within the quark loop, although it can equivalently radiate from one of the initial-state gluons. |
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Figure 2:
The BDT $ \mathrm{H}\to\tau\tau $ class output score distributions for the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper left), $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper right), and $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (lower left) channels; and the $ \mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{W}\mathrm{W} $ output score for the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel (lower right). The $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{H} $ signal is multiplied by a factor of 50, while all other processes are scaled according to a combined fit of all BDT categories for all channels and years used in this analysis. The total uncertainty includes the statistical and systematic uncertainties. Electroweak processes in the figure include diboson, W+jets, and single top quark production. For channels involving $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ candidates, the $ \mathrm{j}\to\tau_\mathrm{h} $ misid contribution is estimated from data with the $ F_{\mathrm{F}} $ method and grouped together. Simulated events with jets misidentified as $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ candidates are removed from the electroweak, $ \text{DY+jets} $, and $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ groups. For the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel, the QCD multijet process is estimated using the ``ABCD'' method. The H(125) group includes processes where a Higgs boson is produced not in association with b quarks, including the top quark associated production and Higgs-strahlung processes, since the b jets in these events originate from the top quark and vector boson decays. |
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Figure 2-a:
The BDT $ \mathrm{H}\to\tau\tau $ class output score distributions for the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper left), $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper right), and $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (lower left) channels; and the $ \mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{W}\mathrm{W} $ output score for the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel (lower right). The $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{H} $ signal is multiplied by a factor of 50, while all other processes are scaled according to a combined fit of all BDT categories for all channels and years used in this analysis. The total uncertainty includes the statistical and systematic uncertainties. Electroweak processes in the figure include diboson, W+jets, and single top quark production. For channels involving $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ candidates, the $ \mathrm{j}\to\tau_\mathrm{h} $ misid contribution is estimated from data with the $ F_{\mathrm{F}} $ method and grouped together. Simulated events with jets misidentified as $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ candidates are removed from the electroweak, $ \text{DY+jets} $, and $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ groups. For the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel, the QCD multijet process is estimated using the ``ABCD'' method. The H(125) group includes processes where a Higgs boson is produced not in association with b quarks, including the top quark associated production and Higgs-strahlung processes, since the b jets in these events originate from the top quark and vector boson decays. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-b:
The BDT $ \mathrm{H}\to\tau\tau $ class output score distributions for the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper left), $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper right), and $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (lower left) channels; and the $ \mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{W}\mathrm{W} $ output score for the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel (lower right). The $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{H} $ signal is multiplied by a factor of 50, while all other processes are scaled according to a combined fit of all BDT categories for all channels and years used in this analysis. The total uncertainty includes the statistical and systematic uncertainties. Electroweak processes in the figure include diboson, W+jets, and single top quark production. For channels involving $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ candidates, the $ \mathrm{j}\to\tau_\mathrm{h} $ misid contribution is estimated from data with the $ F_{\mathrm{F}} $ method and grouped together. Simulated events with jets misidentified as $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ candidates are removed from the electroweak, $ \text{DY+jets} $, and $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ groups. For the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel, the QCD multijet process is estimated using the ``ABCD'' method. The H(125) group includes processes where a Higgs boson is produced not in association with b quarks, including the top quark associated production and Higgs-strahlung processes, since the b jets in these events originate from the top quark and vector boson decays. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-c:
The BDT $ \mathrm{H}\to\tau\tau $ class output score distributions for the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper left), $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper right), and $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (lower left) channels; and the $ \mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{W}\mathrm{W} $ output score for the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel (lower right). The $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{H} $ signal is multiplied by a factor of 50, while all other processes are scaled according to a combined fit of all BDT categories for all channels and years used in this analysis. The total uncertainty includes the statistical and systematic uncertainties. Electroweak processes in the figure include diboson, W+jets, and single top quark production. For channels involving $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ candidates, the $ \mathrm{j}\to\tau_\mathrm{h} $ misid contribution is estimated from data with the $ F_{\mathrm{F}} $ method and grouped together. Simulated events with jets misidentified as $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ candidates are removed from the electroweak, $ \text{DY+jets} $, and $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ groups. For the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel, the QCD multijet process is estimated using the ``ABCD'' method. The H(125) group includes processes where a Higgs boson is produced not in association with b quarks, including the top quark associated production and Higgs-strahlung processes, since the b jets in these events originate from the top quark and vector boson decays. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-d:
The BDT $ \mathrm{H}\to\tau\tau $ class output score distributions for the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper left), $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (upper right), and $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (lower left) channels; and the $ \mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{W}\mathrm{W} $ output score for the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel (lower right). The $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{H} $ signal is multiplied by a factor of 50, while all other processes are scaled according to a combined fit of all BDT categories for all channels and years used in this analysis. The total uncertainty includes the statistical and systematic uncertainties. Electroweak processes in the figure include diboson, W+jets, and single top quark production. For channels involving $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ candidates, the $ \mathrm{j}\to\tau_\mathrm{h} $ misid contribution is estimated from data with the $ F_{\mathrm{F}} $ method and grouped together. Simulated events with jets misidentified as $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ candidates are removed from the electroweak, $ \text{DY+jets} $, and $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ groups. For the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel, the QCD multijet process is estimated using the ``ABCD'' method. The H(125) group includes processes where a Higgs boson is produced not in association with b quarks, including the top quark associated production and Higgs-strahlung processes, since the b jets in these events originate from the top quark and vector boson decays. |
png pdf |
Figure 3:
Upper limits at the 95% CL on the signal strength for the the $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{H}(y_\mathrm{b},y_\mathrm{t}) $ process. The terms in which the Higgs boson is produced via Yukawa couplings with top or bottom quarks contribute to the estimated relative production cross sections. The interference term between these contributions is also accounted for. The $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to \mathrm{Z}(\to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}})\mathrm{H} $ process is treated as a background in this search. The theoretical prediction, shown as a red line placed at 1, corresponds to the estimated production cross section of 1.489\unitpb. The black markers show the observed limits, and the dashed lines with the yellow and blue uncertainty bands represent the expected upper limits with their 68% and 95% central intervals. |
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Figure 4:
Two-dimensional confidence intervals on the $ \kappa_\mathrm{b} $ and $ \kappa_\mathrm{t} $ parameters for the channels studied in this search. Expected limits are shown in red for the $ \mathrm{H}\to\tau\tau $ cross section measurement [63] performed for other Higgs boson production mechanisms and in green for the combination with the analysis presented in this Letter. The observed constraints are shown in blue, with a cross marking the best fit point. A green diamond is placed to mark the SM expectation. Solid lines with shaded areas mark the 68% confidence interval contours, and dashed lines mark the 95% confidence interval. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of the BDT categories defined for each channel. |
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Table 2:
Input features to the BDT classifiers used in each of the studied channels. Each variable is marked with the $ \checkmark $ symbol if it is used for the training of the BDT models in a particular channel, or the $ \times $ symbol if it is not used. |
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Table 3:
Summary table of the systematic uncertainties affecting the background processes. For uncertainties that vary significantly depending on the kinematic properties of the event, the label \textitevent-dep. is used. The labels `lnN' and `shape' are used, respectively, for uncertainties affecting only the process normalization or having a shape-altering effects. |
| Summary |
| A search for the 125 GeV Higgs boson produced in association with bottom quarks and decaying into a pair of tau leptons or W bosons has been presented. The search was performed on data collected by the CMS experiment in the period 2016--2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. This search was performed in four final states: $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $, $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $, $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $, and $ \mathrm{e}\mu $. Higgs boson decays to tau leptons were targeted in all four final states, while $ \mathrm{H}\to\mathrm{W}\mathrm{W} $ decays contributed only in the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel as a result of the kinematical similarities between the two decay processes. At the current level of precision, the background processes provide an adequate description of the observed data, and no significant excess above the background-only expectation was found. The observed (expected) upper limit at the 95% confidence level (CL) on the $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{H} $ production cross section is 3.7 (6.1) times the standard model prediction. The search also constrained the Higgs Yukawa couplings to bottom and top quarks in the $ \kappa $-model interpretation. The best fit value for the coupling modifiers was found to be $ (\kappa_\mathrm{t},\kappa_\mathrm{b})=(-0.73,1.58) $. The observed constraints are compatible with the standard model expectation at the 95% CL. |
| Additional Figures | |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 1:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel. The training was performed on 4 classes, the $ H\to WW $ signal category is shown in the lower right part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and DY background categories are shown on the upper left and right respectively, while the $ H\to\tau\tau $ signal category is shown below. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 1-a:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel. The training was performed on 4 classes, the $ H\to WW $ signal category is shown in the lower right part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and DY background categories are shown on the upper left and right respectively, while the $ H\to\tau\tau $ signal category is shown below. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 1-b:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel. The training was performed on 4 classes, the $ H\to WW $ signal category is shown in the lower right part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and DY background categories are shown on the upper left and right respectively, while the $ H\to\tau\tau $ signal category is shown below. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 1-c:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel. The training was performed on 4 classes, the $ H\to WW $ signal category is shown in the lower right part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and DY background categories are shown on the upper left and right respectively, while the $ H\to\tau\tau $ signal category is shown below. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 1-d:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ channel. The training was performed on 4 classes, the $ H\to WW $ signal category is shown in the lower right part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and DY background categories are shown on the upper left and right respectively, while the $ H\to\tau\tau $ signal category is shown below. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 2:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \mathrm{e}\tau_{h} $ channel. The training was performed on 3 classes, the $ H\to \tau\tau $ signal category is shown in the upper left part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and DY background categories are shown on the left and right respectively. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 2-a:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \mathrm{e}\tau_{h} $ channel. The training was performed on 3 classes, the $ H\to \tau\tau $ signal category is shown in the upper left part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and DY background categories are shown on the left and right respectively. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 2-b:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \mathrm{e}\tau_{h} $ channel. The training was performed on 3 classes, the $ H\to \tau\tau $ signal category is shown in the upper left part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and DY background categories are shown on the left and right respectively. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 2-c:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \mathrm{e}\tau_{h} $ channel. The training was performed on 3 classes, the $ H\to \tau\tau $ signal category is shown in the upper left part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and DY background categories are shown on the left and right respectively. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 3:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \mu\tau_{h} $ channel. The training was performed on 3 classes, the $ H\to \tau\tau $ signal category is shown in the upper right part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and DY background categories are shown on the left and right respectively. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 3-a:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \mu\tau_{h} $ channel. The training was performed on 3 classes, the $ H\to \tau\tau $ signal category is shown in the upper right part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and DY background categories are shown on the left and right respectively. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 3-b:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \mu\tau_{h} $ channel. The training was performed on 3 classes, the $ H\to \tau\tau $ signal category is shown in the upper right part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and DY background categories are shown on the left and right respectively. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 3-c:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \mu\tau_{h} $ channel. The training was performed on 3 classes, the $ H\to \tau\tau $ signal category is shown in the upper right part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and DY background categories are shown on the left and right respectively. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 4:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \tau_{h}\tau_{h} $ channel. The training was performed on 5 classes, the $ H\to \tau\tau $ signal category is shown in the lower left part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and Jet fakes background categories are shown on the upper left and right respectively, while the DY and H(125) are shown below merged in one distribution. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 4-a:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \tau_{h}\tau_{h} $ channel. The training was performed on 5 classes, the $ H\to \tau\tau $ signal category is shown in the lower left part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and Jet fakes background categories are shown on the upper left and right respectively, while the DY and H(125) are shown below merged in one distribution. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 4-b:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \tau_{h}\tau_{h} $ channel. The training was performed on 5 classes, the $ H\to \tau\tau $ signal category is shown in the lower left part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and Jet fakes background categories are shown on the upper left and right respectively, while the DY and H(125) are shown below merged in one distribution. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 4-c:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \tau_{h}\tau_{h} $ channel. The training was performed on 5 classes, the $ H\to \tau\tau $ signal category is shown in the lower left part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and Jet fakes background categories are shown on the upper left and right respectively, while the DY and H(125) are shown below merged in one distribution. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 4-d:
Additional BDT score distributions for the $ \tau_{h}\tau_{h} $ channel. The training was performed on 5 classes, the $ H\to \tau\tau $ signal category is shown in the lower left part of Fig. 2 in the main body of the letter. Here the TT and Jet fakes background categories are shown on the upper left and right respectively, while the DY and H(125) are shown below merged in one distribution. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 5:
Likelihood scan with respect to $ \kappa_\mathrm{b} $ based on this work keeping $ \kappa_\mathrm{t} $ frozen to 1. On the left the likelihood function is profiled with respect to an Asimov dataset, on the right the fit to data is profiled. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 5-a:
Likelihood scan with respect to $ \kappa_\mathrm{b} $ based on this work keeping $ \kappa_\mathrm{t} $ frozen to 1. On the left the likelihood function is profiled with respect to an Asimov dataset, on the right the fit to data is profiled. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 5-b:
Likelihood scan with respect to $ \kappa_\mathrm{b} $ based on this work keeping $ \kappa_\mathrm{t} $ frozen to 1. On the left the likelihood function is profiled with respect to an Asimov dataset, on the right the fit to data is profiled. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 6:
Upper limits at 95% CL on the bottom-associated production of the Higgs boson mediated via Yukawa coupling to t and b quarks. Limits are obtained by performing a separate fit on data removing the theory normalization uncertainties. The red line shows the theoretical prediction with the uncertainties on the different terms treated as independent in a conservative approach. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 7:
Two-dimensional confidence intervals on the $ \kappa_\mathrm{b} $ and $ \kappa_\mathrm{t} $ parameters for the channels studied in this search. Expected limits are shown in red for the $ H\to\tau\tau $ cross section measurement performed on other production mechanisms, in black for this analysis, and in green for the combination of the two. The observed limits on data are shown in blue, with a cross marking the best-fit point. A green diamond is placed to mark the SM expectation. Solid lines with shaded areas mark the 50% CL contours, while lighter shaded areas delimited by dashed lines mark the 68% CL ones, and the dotted lines mark the 95% CL contours. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 8:
Two-dimensional confidence intervals on the $ \kappa_\mathrm{b} $ and $ \kappa_\mathrm{t} $ parameters for the channels studied in this search. Expected limits are shown in red for the $ H\to\tau\tau $ cross section measurement performed on other production mechanisms, in black for this analysis, and green for the combination of the two. A green diamond is placed to mark the SM expectation. Solid lines with shaded areas mark the 50% CL contours, while lighter shaded areas delimited by dashed lines mark the 68% CL ones, and the dotted lines mark the 95% CL contours. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 9:
Two-dimensional confidence intervals on the $ \kappa_\mathrm{b} $ and $ \kappa_\mathrm{t} $ parameters for the channels studied in this search. Observed limits are shown in purple for the $ H\to\tau\tau $ cross section measurement performed on other production mechanisms, in gold for this analysis, and blue for the combination of the two. A green diamond is placed to mark the SM expectation, while a cross is used to mark the best-fit points. Solid lines with shaded areas mark the 50% CL contours, while lighter shaded areas delimited by dashed lines mark the 68% CL ones, and the dotted lines mark the 95% CL contours. |
| Additional Tables | |
png pdf |
Additional Table 1:
Expected and observed upper limits on the signal strength modifier calculated using bbH($ y_\mathrm{b}^2 $) as the signal, bbH($ y_\mathrm{t}^2 $) as background, and neglecting the interference term. The limits were obtained without a dedicated optimization of the analysis techniques to target the bbH($ y_\mathrm{b}^2 $) signal and reduce the bbH($ y_\mathrm{t}^2 $) contribution to the analysis region. |
png pdf |
Additional Table 2:
Fraction of simulated events for each signal term selected in each year after the baseline selection in this analysis. The last two columns show the cumulative fraction of events selected across all simulated events in the full analysis region and the signal region targeting the bbH process respectively. |
png pdf |
Additional Table 3:
Fraction of simulated events for each signal term for 2016 with/without the higher pt cut from 2017. |
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