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| CMS-HIG-20-012 ; CERN-EP-2026-010 | ||
| Search for a new heavy scalar resonance decaying into the Higgs boson and a new scalar particle in the $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ final state using proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 4 May 2026 | ||
| Submitted to Physical Review D | ||
| Abstract: A search for a new heavy scalar resonance ($ \mathrm{X} $) decaying into the 125 GeV standard model Higgs boson (H) and a new scalar particle ($ \mathrm{Y} $) in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. The analysis is performed using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $ collected with the CMS detector during LHC Run 2. The $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ final state is used as a probe to search for phenomena beyond the standard model where, in the $ \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{Y}\mathrm{H} $ process, the Y and H each decay into a bottom quark-antiquark pair. A range of masses from 400 GeV to 1.6 TeV for the resonance $ \mathrm{X} $ and from 60 GeV to 1.4 TeV for the scalar Y is investigated. The observations are in agreement with the background-only hypothesis. The largest excess, with a local (global) significance of 3.47 (2.44) standard deviations, is observed for hypothetical $ \mathrm{X} $ and Y masses of 600 and 400 GeV, respectively. Upper limits at 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching fraction are presented for signal mass hypotheses in the range of the search. Results are interpreted within the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model scenario. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2605.02848 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Depiction of the process under investigation, $ \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{Y}\mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $. |
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Figure 2:
Event distributions in the validation regions for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The VR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted VR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. The ratios of VR(4b) to VR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the VR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 2-a:
Event distributions in the validation regions for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The VR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted VR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. The ratios of VR(4b) to VR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the VR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 2-b:
Event distributions in the validation regions for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The VR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted VR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. The ratios of VR(4b) to VR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the VR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 2-c:
Event distributions in the validation regions for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The VR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted VR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. The ratios of VR(4b) to VR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the VR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 2-d:
Event distributions in the validation regions for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The VR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted VR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. The ratios of VR(4b) to VR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the VR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 2-e:
Event distributions in the validation regions for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The VR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted VR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. The ratios of VR(4b) to VR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the VR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 2-f:
Event distributions in the validation regions for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The VR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted VR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. The ratios of VR(4b) to VR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the VR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 3:
Event distributions in the signal region for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The SR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted SR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. Three selected signal mass hypotheses are overlaid. The signal histograms are scaled to have $ \sigma \mathcal{B} $ values of 5\unitpb. The ratios of SR(4b) to SR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the SR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 3-a:
Event distributions in the signal region for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The SR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted SR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. Three selected signal mass hypotheses are overlaid. The signal histograms are scaled to have $ \sigma \mathcal{B} $ values of 5\unitpb. The ratios of SR(4b) to SR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the SR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 3-b:
Event distributions in the signal region for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The SR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted SR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. Three selected signal mass hypotheses are overlaid. The signal histograms are scaled to have $ \sigma \mathcal{B} $ values of 5\unitpb. The ratios of SR(4b) to SR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the SR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 3-c:
Event distributions in the signal region for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The SR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted SR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. Three selected signal mass hypotheses are overlaid. The signal histograms are scaled to have $ \sigma \mathcal{B} $ values of 5\unitpb. The ratios of SR(4b) to SR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the SR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 3-d:
Event distributions in the signal region for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The SR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted SR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. Three selected signal mass hypotheses are overlaid. The signal histograms are scaled to have $ \sigma \mathcal{B} $ values of 5\unitpb. The ratios of SR(4b) to SR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the SR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 3-e:
Event distributions in the signal region for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The SR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted SR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. Three selected signal mass hypotheses are overlaid. The signal histograms are scaled to have $ \sigma \mathcal{B} $ values of 5\unitpb. The ratios of SR(4b) to SR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the SR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 3-f:
Event distributions in the signal region for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ (left column) and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ (right column), shown separately for the three data-taking years: 2016, 2017, and 2018 (upper, middle, and lower rows, respectively). The SR(4b) data are shown in black and BDT reweighted SR(3b) model in red. The uncertainties include the statistical component added in quadrature with the uncertainties described in Section 7. Three selected signal mass hypotheses are overlaid. The signal histograms are scaled to have $ \sigma \mathcal{B} $ values of 5\unitpb. The ratios of SR(4b) to SR(3b) (target over model) are in the lower panels. The ratio of the SR(3b) model uncertainty to the central value of the model is shown with the red band in the lower panel. |
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Figure 4:
Distributions of the events in the ($ m_{\text{Xreco}} $, $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $) plane observed in the SR(4b). The upper plots show events in data (left) and the background model (right). The lower plot shows the distribution of events for the signal hypothesis corresponding to $ m_{\mathrm{X}} = $ 700 GeV and $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 400 GeV. In each plot, there are empty bins in the high-$ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ and low-$ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ region. These areas have been excluded because the events have highly boosted topology. |
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Figure 4-a:
Distributions of the events in the ($ m_{\text{Xreco}} $, $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $) plane observed in the SR(4b). The upper plots show events in data (left) and the background model (right). The lower plot shows the distribution of events for the signal hypothesis corresponding to $ m_{\mathrm{X}} = $ 700 GeV and $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 400 GeV. In each plot, there are empty bins in the high-$ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ and low-$ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ region. These areas have been excluded because the events have highly boosted topology. |
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Figure 4-b:
Distributions of the events in the ($ m_{\text{Xreco}} $, $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $) plane observed in the SR(4b). The upper plots show events in data (left) and the background model (right). The lower plot shows the distribution of events for the signal hypothesis corresponding to $ m_{\mathrm{X}} = $ 700 GeV and $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 400 GeV. In each plot, there are empty bins in the high-$ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ and low-$ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ region. These areas have been excluded because the events have highly boosted topology. |
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Figure 4-c:
Distributions of the events in the ($ m_{\text{Xreco}} $, $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $) plane observed in the SR(4b). The upper plots show events in data (left) and the background model (right). The lower plot shows the distribution of events for the signal hypothesis corresponding to $ m_{\mathrm{X}} = $ 700 GeV and $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 400 GeV. In each plot, there are empty bins in the high-$ m_{\text{Xreco}} $ and low-$ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ region. These areas have been excluded because the events have highly boosted topology. |
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Figure 5:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p} \to \mathrm{X}) \mathcal{B} (\mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{Y}\mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $. The limits are shown as functions of $ m_{\text{Yreco}} $ for selected values of $ m_{\text{Xreco}} $. The black dashed and solid lines represent expected and observed limits, respectively. The dark green and light yellow bands represent the $ \pm $ 1 and $ \pm $ 2 standard deviations for the expected limit, respectively. The largest excess (deficit) of the observed limit compared with the expected limit is for $ m_{\text{Xreco}} = $ 600 GeV and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} = $ 400 GeV ($ m_{\text{Xreco}} = $ 600 GeV and $ m_{\text{Yreco}} = $ 150 GeV). |
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Figure 6:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on $ \sigma(\textrm{pp} \to \mathrm{X}) \mathcal{B} (\mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{H} \mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $. The black dashed and solid lines represent expected and observed limits, respectively. The dark green and light yellow bands represent the $ \pm $1 and $ \pm $2 standard deviations for the expected limit, respectively. |
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Figure 7:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p} \to \mathrm{X}) \mathcal{B} (\mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{Y}\mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $ shown in the ($ m_{\mathrm{X}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} $) plane. These limits are compared to the maximally allowed $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p} \to \mathrm{X}) \mathcal{B} (\mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{Y}\mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $ values determined with NMSSM and taking into account previous experimental constraints. The NMSSM limits are obtained with NMSSMTOOLS 5.6.2 and appear in Ref. [79]. A few mass hypotheses where the observed limits are more restrictive than the NMSSM limits are indicated by the red hatched areas. |
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Figure 7-a:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p} \to \mathrm{X}) \mathcal{B} (\mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{Y}\mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $ shown in the ($ m_{\mathrm{X}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} $) plane. These limits are compared to the maximally allowed $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p} \to \mathrm{X}) \mathcal{B} (\mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{Y}\mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $ values determined with NMSSM and taking into account previous experimental constraints. The NMSSM limits are obtained with NMSSMTOOLS 5.6.2 and appear in Ref. [79]. A few mass hypotheses where the observed limits are more restrictive than the NMSSM limits are indicated by the red hatched areas. |
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Figure 7-b:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p} \to \mathrm{X}) \mathcal{B} (\mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{Y}\mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $ shown in the ($ m_{\mathrm{X}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} $) plane. These limits are compared to the maximally allowed $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p} \to \mathrm{X}) \mathcal{B} (\mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{Y}\mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $ values determined with NMSSM and taking into account previous experimental constraints. The NMSSM limits are obtained with NMSSMTOOLS 5.6.2 and appear in Ref. [79]. A few mass hypotheses where the observed limits are more restrictive than the NMSSM limits are indicated by the red hatched areas. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Offline selection thresholds at 90% of HLT trigger turn-on curves. The values represent the lower bounds on $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ for the four highest $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jets in an event for each data-taking year. The values in the table are in units of GeVns. For data-taking year 2016, events that pass either of two trigger algorithms are used. |
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Table 2:
Summary of the number of events in the samples and analysis regions for each data-taking year. The last three rows provide the estimated event yields derived from the background model (EST) and can be compared to those in the 4b dataset. Systematics uncertainties associated with these estimates are discussed in Section 7. |
| Summary |
| This analysis presents a search for a new heavy scalar resonance ($ \mathrm{X} $) decaying into the 125 GeV standard model Higgs boson and a new scalar particle (Y ), in the $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ decay channel. The search explores a range of masses from 400 GeV to 1.6 TeV for X and from 60 GeV up to 1.4 TeV for Y. A data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $ collected in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV is used for the search. No evidence for a new signal is observed. Upper limits on the signal cross section times branching fraction are set at the 95% confidence level. Results are interpreted in the context of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model scenario and constrain the phase space of this model beyond previous experimental exclusion limits. |
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