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| CMS-PAS-B2G-25-004 | ||
| Study of ZZ and ZH production in the $ \mathrm{bb}\tau\tau $ final state and search for high-mass spin-0 and spin-1 resonances | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 2026-03-11 | ||
| Abstract: A study is presented for the production of pairs of Z bosons (ZZ) and for the associated production of a Z boson and a Higgs boson (H) in final states containing two b quarks and two tau leptons. Both resonant and nonresonant production mechanisms are investigated. The analysis is based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The nonresonant analysis targets the standard model ZZ and ZH processes in the $ \mathrm{bb}\tau\tau $ final state, motivated by the prominent role of this channel in searches for nonresonant Higgs boson pair production. The extracted best-fit signal strengths are $ \mu_{\mathrm{ZZ}} = $ 0.1 $ \pm $ 0.7 (stat) $ \pm $ 0.8 (syst) for ZZ production, and $ \mu_{\mathrm{ZH}} = - $ 1.4 $ \pm $ 1.2 (stat) $ \pm $ 1.0 (syst) for ZH production, both consistent with standard model predictions. The resonant searches target physics beyond the standard model, probing heavy spin-0 resonances that decay into ZZ and spin-1 resonances $ \mathrm{Z}' $ that decay into ZH, with masses between 200 GeV and 6 TeV. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the production rate and branching fraction $ \sigma(\mathrm{X})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{ZZ}) $, ranging from 300 $ \mathrm{pb} $ to 24 $ \mathrm{fb} $, and on $ \sigma(\mathrm{Z}')\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{Z}'\!\to\!\mathrm{ZH}) $, ranging from 0.4 $ \mathrm{pb} $ to 12 $ \mathrm{fb} $. No deviation from standard model expectations is observed. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Illustrative Feynman diagrams describing the production of a high-mass resonance: a spin-0 resonance H$\to$ZZ (left) and a spin-1 resonance Z'$\to$ZH (right). |
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Figure 1-a:
Illustrative Feynman diagrams describing the production of a high-mass resonance: a spin-0 resonance H$\to$ZZ (left) and a spin-1 resonance Z'$\to$ZH (right). |
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Figure 1-b:
Illustrative Feynman diagrams describing the production of a high-mass resonance: a spin-0 resonance H$\to$ZZ (left) and a spin-1 resonance Z'$\to$ZH (right). |
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Figure 2:
Distributions in the ($ m_{\mathrm{b}\mathrm{b}},m_{\tau\tau}^{\mathrm{FastMTT}} $) plane for the SM ZZ (left) and ZH (right) signals, and for the sum of all simulated backgrounds (blue). The corresponding one-dimensional projections are also shown. The distributions are normalized to unity after the $\tau\tau$ and $ \mathrm{b}\mathrm{b} $ candidate selections have been applied. The colored curves indicate the elliptical mass selection, and the black line in the right panel marks the boundary between the regions targeting each of the two ZH processes. |
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Figure 2-a:
Distributions in the ($ m_{\mathrm{b}\mathrm{b}},m_{\tau\tau}^{\mathrm{FastMTT}} $) plane for the SM ZZ (left) and ZH (right) signals, and for the sum of all simulated backgrounds (blue). The corresponding one-dimensional projections are also shown. The distributions are normalized to unity after the $\tau\tau$ and $ \mathrm{b}\mathrm{b} $ candidate selections have been applied. The colored curves indicate the elliptical mass selection, and the black line in the right panel marks the boundary between the regions targeting each of the two ZH processes. |
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Figure 2-b:
Distributions in the ($ m_{\mathrm{b}\mathrm{b}},m_{\tau\tau}^{\mathrm{FastMTT}} $) plane for the SM ZZ (left) and ZH (right) signals, and for the sum of all simulated backgrounds (blue). The corresponding one-dimensional projections are also shown. The distributions are normalized to unity after the $\tau\tau$ and $ \mathrm{b}\mathrm{b} $ candidate selections have been applied. The colored curves indicate the elliptical mass selection, and the black line in the right panel marks the boundary between the regions targeting each of the two ZH processes. |
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Figure 3:
Distribution of the invariant mass of the ZZ system, in the resolved 2b category and $\tau_{\mu}\tau_{h}$ channel. The four-momentum of the $\tau\tau$ system is reconstructed using FastMTT. The SM ZZ$\to$bb$tau\tau$ signal, as well as the resonant X$\to$\mathrm{X}_{bb}\mathrm{X}_{\tau\tau}$ signal for $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 400 GeV, are overlaid. |
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Figure 4:
Distribution of the nonresonant DNN used for ZZ$\to$bb$tau\tau$ signal extraction in a validation region defined by inverting the elliptical mass selections described in Section 5.3, for the resolved-1/2b categories in the $\tau_{\mu}\tau_{h}$ channel. |
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Figure 5:
Distributions of the DNN used for SM ZZ$\to$bb$tau\tau$ signal extraction. The lower panel shows the data-to-simulation ratio with uncertainties from a background-only fit to the observed data. The ZZ signal is scaled to its SM cross section. |
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Figure 6:
Distributions of the DNN used for SM ZH$\to$bb$\tau\tau$ signal extraction. Top: $\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{H}_{\tau\tau}$ signal region. Bottom: $\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}\mathrm{H}_{bb}$ signal region. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio with uncertainties from a background-only fit to the observed data. |
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Figure 6-a:
Distributions of the DNN used for SM ZH$\to$bb$\tau\tau$ signal extraction. Top: $\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{H}_{\tau\tau}$ signal region. Bottom: $\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}\mathrm{H}_{bb}$ signal region. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio with uncertainties from a background-only fit to the observed data. |
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Figure 6-b:
Distributions of the DNN used for SM ZH$\to$bb$\tau\tau$ signal extraction. Top: $\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{H}_{\tau\tau}$ signal region. Bottom: $\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}\mathrm{H}_{bb}$ signal region. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio with uncertainties from a background-only fit to the observed data. |
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Figure 7:
Example distributions of the resonant DNN used for signal extraction. Left: X$\to\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}$ with $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 800 GeV. Right: Z`$\to$ZH with $ m_\mathrm{Z}^{'}= $ 3 TeV, showing the $\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{H}_{\tau\tau}$ and $\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}\mathrm{H}_{bb}$ signal regions in the left and right parts, respectively. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio with uncertainties from a background-only fit to the observed data. |
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Figure 7-a:
Example distributions of the resonant DNN used for signal extraction. Left: X$\to\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}$ with $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 800 GeV. Right: Z`$\to$ZH with $ m_\mathrm{Z}^{'}= $ 3 TeV, showing the $\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{H}_{\tau\tau}$ and $\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}\mathrm{H}_{bb}$ signal regions in the left and right parts, respectively. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio with uncertainties from a background-only fit to the observed data. |
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Figure 7-b:
Example distributions of the resonant DNN used for signal extraction. Left: X$\to\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}$ with $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 800 GeV. Right: Z`$\to$ZH with $ m_\mathrm{Z}^{'}= $ 3 TeV, showing the $\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{H}_{\tau\tau}$ and $\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}\mathrm{H}_{bb}$ signal regions in the left and right parts, respectively. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio with uncertainties from a background-only fit to the observed data. |
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Figure 8:
Example distributions of the resonant DNN used for signal extraction. Top: X$\to\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}$with $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 800 GeV. Bottom: Z`$\to$ZH with $ m_\mathrm{Z}^{'}= $ 3 TeV, showing the $\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{H}_{\tau\tau}$ and $\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}\mathrm{H}_{bb}$ signal regions in the left and right parts, respectively. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio with uncertainties from a background-only fit to the observed data. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-a:
Example distributions of the resonant DNN used for signal extraction. Top: X$\to\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}$with $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 800 GeV. Bottom: Z`$\to$ZH with $ m_\mathrm{Z}^{'}= $ 3 TeV, showing the $\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{H}_{\tau\tau}$ and $\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}\mathrm{H}_{bb}$ signal regions in the left and right parts, respectively. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio with uncertainties from a background-only fit to the observed data. |
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Figure 8-b:
Example distributions of the resonant DNN used for signal extraction. Top: X$\to\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}$with $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 800 GeV. Bottom: Z`$\to$ZH with $ m_\mathrm{Z}^{'}= $ 3 TeV, showing the $\mathrm{Z}_{bb}\mathrm{H}_{\tau\tau}$ and $\mathrm{Z}_{\tau\tau}\mathrm{H}_{bb}$ signal regions in the left and right parts, respectively. The lower panels show the data-to-simulation ratio with uncertainties from a background-only fit to the observed data. |
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Figure 9:
Results for the SM ZZ$\to$bb$tau\tau$ and ZH$\to$bb$\tau\tau$ processes. The best-fit signal strengths and approximate 68% CL intervals are obtained from a profile likelihood fit, as described in Ref. [100]. |
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Figure 10:
Projected significance [104] for SM ZZ$\to$bb$\tau\tau$ and ZH$\to$bb$\tau\tau$ processes as a function of integrated luminosity. Two scenarios for systematic uncertainties are shown: the S2 scenario assumes reduced systematic uncertainties, as described in Ref. [6], and the second scenario neglects systematic uncertainties. Projections for HH$\to$bb$\tau\tau$ from Ref. [6] are also shown for comparison. The thresholds required for evidence (3 $ \sigma $) and observation (5 $ \sigma $) are indicated. |
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Figure 11:
Upper limits on the production cross section for the X$\to$ZZ process (left, spin-0 resonance) and the Z`$\to$ZH process (right, spin-1 resonance), obtained under the narrow-width approximation. |
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Figure 11-a:
Upper limits on the production cross section for the X$\to$ZZ process (left, spin-0 resonance) and the Z`$\to$ZH process (right, spin-1 resonance), obtained under the narrow-width approximation. |
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Figure 11-b:
Upper limits on the production cross section for the X$\to$ZZ process (left, spin-0 resonance) and the Z`$\to$ZH process (right, spin-1 resonance), obtained under the narrow-width approximation. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of selections applied to the $\tau\tau$ candidate pair |
| Summary |
| A study of ZZ and ZH production in the bb$\tau\tau$ final state has been presented based on proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. Both nonresonant and resonant production mechanisms have been investigated. In the nonresonant interpretation, the standard model ZZ$\to$bb$\tau\tau$ and ZH$\to$bb$\tau\tau$ productions have been measured and the results are consistent with standard model predictions. Projections of the expected sensitivity of the ZZ and ZH measurements to high-luminosity LHC integrated luminosity were presented, showing that the ZZ$\to$bb$\tau\tau$ production is expected to reach the observation threshold earlier than that of the HH$\to$bb$\tau\tau$ search, demonstrating for the first time the use of the ZZ$\to$bb$\tau\tau$ process as a standard candle to assess the analysis methods for the HH search in the bb$\tau\tau$ final state. In the resonant interpretation, searches have been performed for heavy spin-0 resonances that decay into ZZ and for spin-1 resonances that decay into ZH, with resonance masses between 200 GeV and 6 TeV. This is the first search for resonances that decay into ZZ or ZH in the bb$\tau\tau$ final state; previous searches targeted resonances that decay into HH or other final states, therefore providing an original contribution to the panorama of resonant searches. No evidence for a signal is observed, and upper limits are set on the production cross sections. |
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