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| CMS-PAS-B2G-24-002 | ||
| Search for heavy Higgs bosons in the $ \mathrm{A}\to{\mathrm{Z}(\to\ell\ell)}{\mathrm{H}(\to{\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}}\ \mathrm{semileptonic})} $ channel | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 2026-08-07 | ||
| Abstract: This note presents a direct search for a heavy pseudoscalar boson, $ \mathrm{A} $, decaying into a lighter scalar boson, H, and a Z boson, with the Z boson decaying to leptons and the H boson to a top quark pair. The data used for this search were collected at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV by the CMS detector at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. A search is conducted using events with three charged leptons (electrons or muons), two from the Z boson decay and one from a top quark decay. The results are combined with those of a similar search for $ \mathrm{A} \to \mathrm{ZH} $ with $ \mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{t\bar{t}} $ using top quark pairs decaying entirely to hadrons. The observed data are consistent with the standard model background prediction. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction for this signature, under the assumption that both new particles have narrow widths, for $ \mathrm{A} $ masses up to 2.1 TeV and H masses up to 1.9 TeV. The two-Higgs-doublet model interpretation is used to exclude regions of parameter space in the $ (m_\mathrm{A}, m_\mathrm{H}) $ plane as a function of $ \tan\beta $ and $ \cos(\beta - \alpha) $. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Example of a Feynman diagram for gluon-gluon fusion production of an $ \mathrm{A} $ boson which then decays into ZH, where the Z boson decays to a pair of leptons ($ \mathrm{Z} \to \ell\ell,\ \ell = \mathrm{e},\mu $) and the top quark pair decays semileptonically $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \to (\ell\nu\mathrm{b})(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q}\mathrm{b}) $. |
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Figure 2:
Distributions of the two key discriminants $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{Z}} $ and $ \Delta m $ in the $ \geq $2b signal regions. The expected signal is shown for the mass hypotheses ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) = (850, 500) GeV, (900, 400) GeV, and (1100, 500) GeV. The signal event yields are normalized to the yield of $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ V for shape comparison between signal and background. |
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Figure 2-a:
Distributions of the two key discriminants $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{Z}} $ and $ \Delta m $ in the $ \geq $2b signal regions. The expected signal is shown for the mass hypotheses ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) = (850, 500) GeV, (900, 400) GeV, and (1100, 500) GeV. The signal event yields are normalized to the yield of $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ V for shape comparison between signal and background. |
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Figure 2-b:
Distributions of the two key discriminants $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{Z}} $ and $ \Delta m $ in the $ \geq $2b signal regions. The expected signal is shown for the mass hypotheses ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) = (850, 500) GeV, (900, 400) GeV, and (1100, 500) GeV. The signal event yields are normalized to the yield of $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ V for shape comparison between signal and background. |
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Figure 3:
Expected distributions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{Z}}\times\Delta m $ in the 1b SR (left) and $ \geq $2b signal region (right) for a signal with ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) = (1000, 600) GeV (red) and the main background ttZ (blue). |
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Figure 3-a:
Expected distributions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{Z}}\times\Delta m $ in the 1b SR (left) and $ \geq $2b signal region (right) for a signal with ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) = (1000, 600) GeV (red) and the main background ttZ (blue). |
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Figure 3-b:
Expected distributions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{Z}}\times\Delta m $ in the 1b SR (left) and $ \geq $2b signal region (right) for a signal with ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) = (1000, 600) GeV (red) and the main background ttZ (blue). |
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Figure 4:
Distributions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{Z}}\times\Delta m $ after a simultaneous fit to data in the SRs and the WZ control region, for ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) = (1000, 600) GeV (left) and (850, 500) GeV (right). The pre-fit signal predictions (dashed red lines) are normalized to an arbitrarily chosen cross section of 25 fb. A small data excess is observed for ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) = (850, 500) GeV with a local significance of 1.5 $ \sigma $. It is the largest fluctuation observed. |
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Figure 4-a:
Distributions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{Z}}\times\Delta m $ after a simultaneous fit to data in the SRs and the WZ control region, for ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) = (1000, 600) GeV (left) and (850, 500) GeV (right). The pre-fit signal predictions (dashed red lines) are normalized to an arbitrarily chosen cross section of 25 fb. A small data excess is observed for ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) = (850, 500) GeV with a local significance of 1.5 $ \sigma $. It is the largest fluctuation observed. |
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Figure 4-b:
Distributions of $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{Z}}\times\Delta m $ after a simultaneous fit to data in the SRs and the WZ control region, for ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) = (1000, 600) GeV (left) and (850, 500) GeV (right). The pre-fit signal predictions (dashed red lines) are normalized to an arbitrarily chosen cross section of 25 fb. A small data excess is observed for ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) = (850, 500) GeV with a local significance of 1.5 $ \sigma $. It is the largest fluctuation observed. |
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Figure 5:
Observed (solid lines) and expected (dashed lines) 95% CL upper limits as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, stacked across all tested $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $ hypotheses to span the full ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) plane. The green and yellow bands denote the $ \pm1\sigma $ and $ \pm2\sigma $ expected bands, respectively. |
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Figure 6:
Median expected(left) and observed (right) upper limits at 95% CL on the production $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{A})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{H})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ in the ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) plane. |
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Figure 6-a:
Median expected(left) and observed (right) upper limits at 95% CL on the production $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{A})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{H})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ in the ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) plane. |
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Figure 6-b:
Median expected(left) and observed (right) upper limits at 95% CL on the production $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{A})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{H})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ in the ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) plane. |
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Figure 7:
Median expected (dashed lines) and observed (filled contours) excluded regions in the ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) parameter space of a type-II 2HDM with $ \tan\beta = $ 0.5 (blue), 1 (orange),and 2 (red). The excluded regions are derived for narrow resonances. The dotted contour lines correspond to constant decay width of the $ \mathrm{A} $ boson for each value of $ \tan\beta $. |
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Figure 8:
Median expected (dashed lines) and observed (filled contours) excluded regions of the type-II 2HDM parameter space in the ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ \tan\beta $) plane for a fixed $ m_{\mathrm{H}}= $ 400 GeV (left), and in the $ \cos(\beta-\alpha), \tan\beta) $ plane for the mass hypothesis ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $)=(600, 400) GeV (right) The excluded regions are derived for narrow resonances. The dotted contour lines correspond to constant decay width of the $ \mathrm{A} $ boson. |
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Figure 8-a:
Median expected (dashed lines) and observed (filled contours) excluded regions of the type-II 2HDM parameter space in the ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ \tan\beta $) plane for a fixed $ m_{\mathrm{H}}= $ 400 GeV (left), and in the $ \cos(\beta-\alpha), \tan\beta) $ plane for the mass hypothesis ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $)=(600, 400) GeV (right) The excluded regions are derived for narrow resonances. The dotted contour lines correspond to constant decay width of the $ \mathrm{A} $ boson. |
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Figure 8-b:
Median expected (dashed lines) and observed (filled contours) excluded regions of the type-II 2HDM parameter space in the ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ \tan\beta $) plane for a fixed $ m_{\mathrm{H}}= $ 400 GeV (left), and in the $ \cos(\beta-\alpha), \tan\beta) $ plane for the mass hypothesis ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $)=(600, 400) GeV (right) The excluded regions are derived for narrow resonances. The dotted contour lines correspond to constant decay width of the $ \mathrm{A} $ boson. |
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Figure 9:
Comparisons of the median expected (dashed lines) and observed (solid lines) upper limits at 95% CL on the production $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{A})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{H})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $, for the semi-leptonic (orange) fully-hadronic (green), and combined (purple) searches. Limits are shown as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ for $ m_{\mathrm{H}}= $ 400 GeV (left) and for $ m_{\mathrm{H}}= $ 1000 GeV (right). |
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Figure 9-a:
Comparisons of the median expected (dashed lines) and observed (solid lines) upper limits at 95% CL on the production $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{A})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{H})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $, for the semi-leptonic (orange) fully-hadronic (green), and combined (purple) searches. Limits are shown as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ for $ m_{\mathrm{H}}= $ 400 GeV (left) and for $ m_{\mathrm{H}}= $ 1000 GeV (right). |
png pdf |
Figure 9-b:
Comparisons of the median expected (dashed lines) and observed (solid lines) upper limits at 95% CL on the production $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{A})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{H})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $, for the semi-leptonic (orange) fully-hadronic (green), and combined (purple) searches. Limits are shown as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ for $ m_{\mathrm{H}}= $ 400 GeV (left) and for $ m_{\mathrm{H}}= $ 1000 GeV (right). |
png pdf |
Figure 10:
Median expected(left) and observed (right) upper limits at 95% CL on the production $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{A})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{H})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ in the ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) plane. |
png pdf |
Figure 10-a:
Median expected(left) and observed (right) upper limits at 95% CL on the production $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{A})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{H})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ in the ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) plane. |
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Figure 10-b:
Median expected(left) and observed (right) upper limits at 95% CL on the production $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{A})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{H})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ in the ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $,$ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) plane. |
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Figure 11:
Median expected (dashed lines) and observed (filled contours) excluded regions of the 2D ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) plane for various type-II 2HDM scenarios. In Fig. fig:compare_obs_int_ma-mh, the results of the combined analysis (purple) are compared to the results of the semileptonic (orange) and fully-hadronic (green) decay channels. In Fig. fig:obs_int_ma-mh_CombRunII, combined results are presented for $ \tan\beta = $ 0.5 (blue), 1 (orange), and 2 (red). The excluded regions are derived for narrow resonances. The dotted lines correspond to constant decay width of the $ \mathrm{A} $ boson for different values of $ \tan\beta $. |
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Figure 11-a:
Median expected (dashed lines) and observed (filled contours) excluded regions of the 2D ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) plane for various type-II 2HDM scenarios. In Fig. fig:compare_obs_int_ma-mh, the results of the combined analysis (purple) are compared to the results of the semileptonic (orange) and fully-hadronic (green) decay channels. In Fig. fig:obs_int_ma-mh_CombRunII, combined results are presented for $ \tan\beta = $ 0.5 (blue), 1 (orange), and 2 (red). The excluded regions are derived for narrow resonances. The dotted lines correspond to constant decay width of the $ \mathrm{A} $ boson for different values of $ \tan\beta $. |
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Figure 11-b:
Median expected (dashed lines) and observed (filled contours) excluded regions of the 2D ($ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $) plane for various type-II 2HDM scenarios. In Fig. fig:compare_obs_int_ma-mh, the results of the combined analysis (purple) are compared to the results of the semileptonic (orange) and fully-hadronic (green) decay channels. In Fig. fig:obs_int_ma-mh_CombRunII, combined results are presented for $ \tan\beta = $ 0.5 (blue), 1 (orange), and 2 (red). The excluded regions are derived for narrow resonances. The dotted lines correspond to constant decay width of the $ \mathrm{A} $ boson for different values of $ \tan\beta $. |
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Figure 12:
Median expected (dashed lines) and observed (filled contours) excluded regions for the conbined analysis, for different regions of the type-II 2HDM parameter space. The excluded regions are derived for narrow resonances. The dotted lines correspond to constant decay width of the $ \mathrm{A} $ boson. |
png pdf |
Figure 12-a:
Median expected (dashed lines) and observed (filled contours) excluded regions for the conbined analysis, for different regions of the type-II 2HDM parameter space. The excluded regions are derived for narrow resonances. The dotted lines correspond to constant decay width of the $ \mathrm{A} $ boson. |
png pdf |
Figure 12-b:
Median expected (dashed lines) and observed (filled contours) excluded regions for the conbined analysis, for different regions of the type-II 2HDM parameter space. The excluded regions are derived for narrow resonances. The dotted lines correspond to constant decay width of the $ \mathrm{A} $ boson. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Full event selection of signal and control regions. |
| Summary |
| A search for narrow, heavy resonances $ \mathrm{A} $ and H was performed with proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV during 2016--2018, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The search targets $ \mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{H} $ with $ \mathrm{H}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $, in which the Z boson decays to leptons and the $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ system decays semileptonically to $ (\ell\nu\mathrm{b})(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q}\mathrm{b}) $. The final observable is constructed using elliptical binning in the two-dimensional distribution of the two sensitive variables, $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{Z}} $ and $ \Delta m $. Upper limits on the production cross section times branching ratio $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{A})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{H})\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ were derived for generic resonances $ \mathrm{A} $ and H at 95% confidence level, considering masses of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ and $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $ between 430--2100 GeV and 330--2000 GeV respectively. The limits have been interpreted in the context of a type-II two-Higgs-doublet model to obtain model dependent exclusion limits as a function of the masses $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ and $ m_{\mathrm{H}} $, and as a function of the $ \tan\beta $ and $ \cos(\beta-\alpha) $ parameters. The results are then combined with a previously published search targeting the decay channel in which the $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ system decays fully-hadronically to $ (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q}\mathrm{b})(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q}\mathrm{b}) $, which has a similar sensitivity. Stringent limits are set on the cross section times branching ratio of $ \mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{H} $ with $ \mathrm{H}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $. The results of the combined searches extends the reach of the individual channels, setting stringent limits on the cross section times branching ratio of $ \mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{H} $ with $ \mathrm{H}\to{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} $, further constraining the parameter regions relevant for models explaining baryogenesis. |
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