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CMS-PAS-HIG-19-016
Measurement of the Higgs boson inclusive and differential fiducial production cross sections in the diphoton decay channel with pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with the CMS detector
Abstract: The measurements of the inclusive and differential fiducial cross sections of the Higgs boson decaying to a pair of photons are presented. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The inclusive fiducial cross section is measured to be $\sigma_{\text{fid}}=$ 73.40$_{-5.3}^{+5.4}$ (stat) $_{-2.2}^{+2.4}$ (syst) fb, in agreement with the standard model expectation of 75.44 $\pm$ 4.1 fb. The measurements are also performed in fiducial regions targeting different production modes and as a function of several observables describing the diphoton system, the number of additional jets present in the events, and event-level observables. No significant deviations from the standard model expectations are observed.
Figures & Tables Summary References CMS Publications
Figures

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Figure 1:
The chained approach for the set of input variables for the quantile BDTs. Within one group of variables ($y_{1}$, ..., $y_{n}$), with non-negligible correlations, an order is set. The quantile BDT for a given variable includes the prior set of variables, within this ordering, as additional inputs. For simulation (right), the additional input variables are corrected before using them as inputs for the quantile BDTs.

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Figure 1-a:
The chained approach for the set of input variables for the quantile BDTs. Within one group of variables ($y_{1}$, ..., $y_{n}$), with non-negligible correlations, an order is set. The quantile BDT for a given variable includes the prior set of variables, within this ordering, as additional inputs. For simulation (right), the additional input variables are corrected before using them as inputs for the quantile BDTs.

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Figure 1-b:
The chained approach for the set of input variables for the quantile BDTs. Within one group of variables ($y_{1}$, ..., $y_{n}$), with non-negligible correlations, an order is set. The quantile BDT for a given variable includes the prior set of variables, within this ordering, as additional inputs. For simulation (right), the additional input variables are corrected before using them as inputs for the quantile BDTs.

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Figure 2:
The distribution of the photon isolation sum in data (black dots) and simulation (colored histograms). The green histogram shows the uncorrected distribution, the orange one the distribution after equalizing the number of events with zero isolation in simulation with data and the purple one the distribution after applying the equalizing step and the CQR technique to its tail part. The arrows show the two ways events can be shifted. From peak to tail (green) and from tail to peak (yellow) with their respective probabilities $p(\text {peak to tail})$ and $p(\text {tail to peak})$. The bottom plot shows the ratio of the three simulation distributions to the one from data.

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Figure 3:
Distribution of the output of the photon identification MVA for the probe candidate in a Z $\to$ ee tag-and-probe sample for data and the MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO simulation. The electrons have been reconstructed as photons and a selection to reduce the number of misidentified photons in data is applied. The simulation events have been reweighted with respect to ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$, $\eta $, $\phi $ and $\rho $ to match data in order to remove effects from mis-modelled kinematic variables. Electrons that are detected in the barrel ($ {| \eta |} < $ 1.4442) or endcap ($ {| \eta |} > $ 1.566) part of the ECAL are shown. The blue band shows the systematic uncertainty assigned to the data simulation mismatch of the output of the photon identification MVA. The purple points in the bottom plots show the ratio of the photon identification MVA distribution evaluated using the uncorrected version of its input variables from simulation to data.

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Figure 3-a:
Distribution of the output of the photon identification MVA for the probe candidate in a Z $\to$ ee tag-and-probe sample for data and the MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO simulation. The electrons have been reconstructed as photons and a selection to reduce the number of misidentified photons in data is applied. The simulation events have been reweighted with respect to ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$, $\eta $, $\phi $ and $\rho $ to match data in order to remove effects from mis-modelled kinematic variables. Electrons that are detected in the barrel ($ {| \eta |} < $ 1.4442) or endcap ($ {| \eta |} > $ 1.566) part of the ECAL are shown. The blue band shows the systematic uncertainty assigned to the data simulation mismatch of the output of the photon identification MVA. The purple points in the bottom plots show the ratio of the photon identification MVA distribution evaluated using the uncorrected version of its input variables from simulation to data.

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Figure 3-b:
Distribution of the output of the photon identification MVA for the probe candidate in a Z $\to$ ee tag-and-probe sample for data and the MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO simulation. The electrons have been reconstructed as photons and a selection to reduce the number of misidentified photons in data is applied. The simulation events have been reweighted with respect to ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$, $\eta $, $\phi $ and $\rho $ to match data in order to remove effects from mis-modelled kinematic variables. Electrons that are detected in the barrel ($ {| \eta |} < $ 1.4442) or endcap ($ {| \eta |} > $ 1.566) part of the ECAL are shown. The blue band shows the systematic uncertainty assigned to the data simulation mismatch of the output of the photon identification MVA. The purple points in the bottom plots show the ratio of the photon identification MVA distribution evaluated using the uncorrected version of its input variables from simulation to data.

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Figure 4:
The signal model pdfs used in the fiducial cross section measurement for the best and worst resolution categories in 2018. The distributions shown here are taken from the signal simulation including the four dominant Higgs boson production mechanisms with a mass hypothesis of $ {m_{\mathrm{H}}} = $ 125 GeV. For details on the derivation of the signal pdfs, see Section 8.1.

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Figure 4-a:
The signal model pdfs used in the fiducial cross section measurement for the best and worst resolution categories in 2018. The distributions shown here are taken from the signal simulation including the four dominant Higgs boson production mechanisms with a mass hypothesis of $ {m_{\mathrm{H}}} = $ 125 GeV. For details on the derivation of the signal pdfs, see Section 8.1.

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Figure 4-b:
The signal model pdfs used in the fiducial cross section measurement for the best and worst resolution categories in 2018. The distributions shown here are taken from the signal simulation including the four dominant Higgs boson production mechanisms with a mass hypothesis of $ {m_{\mathrm{H}}} = $ 125 GeV. For details on the derivation of the signal pdfs, see Section 8.1.

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Figure 5-a:
The event yields divided by the total H $ \to \gamma \gamma$ cross-section [15] multiplied by the integrated luminosity for the bins in the particle-level, reconstruction-level observables summed across all resolution categories for the year 2018 for the observables ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ and $n_{\text {jets}}$ are shown. There is one columns per particle-level bin and one row per reconstruction-level bin and resolution category. The top row shows the predicted fiducial acceptance, i.e. the per particle-level bin H $ \to \gamma \gamma$ cross-secton divided by the total H $ \to \gamma \gamma$ cross-section. The version of {pythia} used here is 8.240 and the MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO version is 2.6.5.

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Figure 5-b:
The event yields divided by the total H $ \to \gamma \gamma$ cross-section [15] multiplied by the integrated luminosity for the bins in the particle-level, reconstruction-level observables summed across all resolution categories for the year 2018 for the observables ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ and $n_{\text {jets}}$ are shown. There is one columns per particle-level bin and one row per reconstruction-level bin and resolution category. The top row shows the predicted fiducial acceptance, i.e. the per particle-level bin H $ \to \gamma \gamma$ cross-secton divided by the total H $ \to \gamma \gamma$ cross-section. The version of {pythia} used here is 8.240 and the MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO version is 2.6.5.

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Figure 6:
Scan of the cross section for the H $ \to \gamma \gamma$ cross section in the fiducial region.

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Figure 7:
Diphoton invariant mass histogram with all categories combined for the inclusive fiducial cross section measurement. The best fit hypotheses for the signal and background models are shown, as well as the one and two sigma bands of the background variation. The contribution from all different categories are summed with weights according the the $S/(S+B)$ ratio for the respective category.

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Figure 8:
The H $ \to \gamma \gamma$ cross section in dedicated regions of the fiducial phase space. Their selection criteria on top of the fiducial requirements are indicated on the plot. The prediction from MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO including the nnlops reweighting with its uncertainty from acceptance variation due to PDF, ${\alpha _\mathrm {S}}$ and QCD scale uncertainties as well as cross section and branching ratio uncertainties is shown. The systematic uncertainty in the measured value is shown as a blue band and the full systematic$\oplus $statistical uncertainty is shown as the error bar.

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Figure 9-a:
The correlation matrices for the cross sections per particle-level bin $\mu _{i}$ for ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ and $n_{jets}$, as given in Table 3, extracted from the simultaneous maximum likelihood fit for the cross sections.

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Figure 9-b:
The correlation matrices for the cross sections per particle-level bin $\mu _{i}$ for ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ and $n_{jets}$, as given in Table 3, extracted from the simultaneous maximum likelihood fit for the cross sections.

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Figure 10-a:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma}$, $n_{\text {jets}}$, $ {| y^{\gamma \gamma} |}$ and $\cos\theta ^{\ast}$. The observed differential fiducial cross section values are shown as black points with the vertical error bars showing the full uncertainty, the horizontal error bars show the width of the respective bin. The grey shaded areas visualize the systematic component of the uncertainty. The coloured lines denote the predictions from different setups of the event generator. All of them have the HX=VBF+VH+ttH component from MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO in common. The green lines show the sum of HX and the ggH component from MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO reweighted to match the nnlops prediction. For the orange lines no nnlops reweighting is done and the purple lines take the prediction for the ggH production mode from {powheg}. The hatched areas show the uncertainties on theoretical predictions. Only effects coming from varying the set of PDF replicas, the ${\alpha _\mathrm {S}}$ value and the QCD renormalization and factorization scales that impact the shape are taken into account here, the total cross section is kept constant at the value from [15].

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Figure 10-b:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma}$, $n_{\text {jets}}$, $ {| y^{\gamma \gamma} |}$ and $\cos\theta ^{\ast}$. The observed differential fiducial cross section values are shown as black points with the vertical error bars showing the full uncertainty, the horizontal error bars show the width of the respective bin. The grey shaded areas visualize the systematic component of the uncertainty. The coloured lines denote the predictions from different setups of the event generator. All of them have the HX=VBF+VH+ttH component from MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO in common. The green lines show the sum of HX and the ggH component from MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO reweighted to match the nnlops prediction. For the orange lines no nnlops reweighting is done and the purple lines take the prediction for the ggH production mode from {powheg}. The hatched areas show the uncertainties on theoretical predictions. Only effects coming from varying the set of PDF replicas, the ${\alpha _\mathrm {S}}$ value and the QCD renormalization and factorization scales that impact the shape are taken into account here, the total cross section is kept constant at the value from [15].

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Figure 10-c:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma}$, $n_{\text {jets}}$, $ {| y^{\gamma \gamma} |}$ and $\cos\theta ^{\ast}$. The observed differential fiducial cross section values are shown as black points with the vertical error bars showing the full uncertainty, the horizontal error bars show the width of the respective bin. The grey shaded areas visualize the systematic component of the uncertainty. The coloured lines denote the predictions from different setups of the event generator. All of them have the HX=VBF+VH+ttH component from MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO in common. The green lines show the sum of HX and the ggH component from MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO reweighted to match the nnlops prediction. For the orange lines no nnlops reweighting is done and the purple lines take the prediction for the ggH production mode from {powheg}. The hatched areas show the uncertainties on theoretical predictions. Only effects coming from varying the set of PDF replicas, the ${\alpha _\mathrm {S}}$ value and the QCD renormalization and factorization scales that impact the shape are taken into account here, the total cross section is kept constant at the value from [15].

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Figure 10-d:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma}$, $n_{\text {jets}}$, $ {| y^{\gamma \gamma} |}$ and $\cos\theta ^{\ast}$. The observed differential fiducial cross section values are shown as black points with the vertical error bars showing the full uncertainty, the horizontal error bars show the width of the respective bin. The grey shaded areas visualize the systematic component of the uncertainty. The coloured lines denote the predictions from different setups of the event generator. All of them have the HX=VBF+VH+ttH component from MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO in common. The green lines show the sum of HX and the ggH component from MadGraph 5\_aMC@NLO reweighted to match the nnlops prediction. For the orange lines no nnlops reweighting is done and the purple lines take the prediction for the ggH production mode from {powheg}. The hatched areas show the uncertainties on theoretical predictions. Only effects coming from varying the set of PDF replicas, the ${\alpha _\mathrm {S}}$ value and the QCD renormalization and factorization scales that impact the shape are taken into account here, the total cross section is kept constant at the value from [15].

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Figure 11-a:
Differential fiducial cross section for $|\phi _{\eta}^{\ast}|$, $\tau _{\text {C}}^{\text {j}}$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\text {j}_{1}}$and $|y^{\text {j}_{1}}|$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 11-b:
Differential fiducial cross section for $|\phi _{\eta}^{\ast}|$, $\tau _{\text {C}}^{\text {j}}$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\text {j}_{1}}$and $|y^{\text {j}_{1}}|$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 11-c:
Differential fiducial cross section for $|\phi _{\eta}^{\ast}|$, $\tau _{\text {C}}^{\text {j}}$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\text {j}_{1}}$and $|y^{\text {j}_{1}}|$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 11-d:
Differential fiducial cross section for $|\phi _{\eta}^{\ast}|$, $\tau _{\text {C}}^{\text {j}}$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\text {j}_{1}}$and $|y^{\text {j}_{1}}|$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 12-a:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $|\Delta y_{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}}|$, $|\Delta \phi _{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}}|$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\text {j}_{2}}$ and $|y^{\text {j}_{2}}|$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 12-b:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $|\Delta y_{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}}|$, $|\Delta \phi _{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}}|$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\text {j}_{2}}$ and $|y^{\text {j}_{2}}|$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 12-c:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $|\Delta y_{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}}|$, $|\Delta \phi _{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}}|$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\text {j}_{2}}$ and $|y^{\text {j}_{2}}|$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 12-d:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $|\Delta y_{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}}|$, $|\Delta \phi _{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}}|$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\text {j}_{2}}$ and $|y^{\text {j}_{2}}|$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 13-a:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $|\Delta \phi _{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\Delta \phi _{\text {j}_{1},\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\bar{\eta}_{\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}-\eta _{\gamma \gamma}|$ and $m^{\text {jj}}$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 13-b:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $|\Delta \phi _{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\Delta \phi _{\text {j}_{1},\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\bar{\eta}_{\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}-\eta _{\gamma \gamma}|$ and $m^{\text {jj}}$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 13-c:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $|\Delta \phi _{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\Delta \phi _{\text {j}_{1},\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\bar{\eta}_{\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}-\eta _{\gamma \gamma}|$ and $m^{\text {jj}}$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 13-d:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $|\Delta \phi _{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\Delta \phi _{\text {j}_{1},\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\bar{\eta}_{\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}-\eta _{\gamma \gamma}|$ and $m^{\text {jj}}$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 14-a:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $|\Delta \phi _{\text {j}_{1},\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\Delta \eta _{\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}|$, $n_{\text {leptons}}$, $n_{\text {bjets}}$ and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 14-b:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $|\Delta \phi _{\text {j}_{1},\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\Delta \eta _{\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}|$, $n_{\text {leptons}}$, $n_{\text {bjets}}$ and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 14-c:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $|\Delta \phi _{\text {j}_{1},\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\Delta \eta _{\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}|$, $n_{\text {leptons}}$, $n_{\text {bjets}}$ and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 14-d:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $|\Delta \phi _{\text {j}_{1},\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\Delta \eta _{\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}|$, $n_{\text {leptons}}$, $n_{\text {bjets}}$ and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 14-e:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $|\Delta \phi _{\text {j}_{1},\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\Delta \eta _{\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}|$, $n_{\text {leptons}}$, $n_{\text {bjets}}$ and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 15-a:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\text {j}_{2}}$, $|\Delta \phi _{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\Delta \phi _{\text {j}_{1},\text {j}_{2}}|$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma}$ in the VBF-enriched phase space region. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 15-b:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\text {j}_{2}}$, $|\Delta \phi _{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\Delta \phi _{\text {j}_{1},\text {j}_{2}}|$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma}$ in the VBF-enriched phase space region. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 15-c:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\text {j}_{2}}$, $|\Delta \phi _{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\Delta \phi _{\text {j}_{1},\text {j}_{2}}|$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma}$ in the VBF-enriched phase space region. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 15-d:
Differential fiducial cross sections for $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\text {j}_{2}}$, $|\Delta \phi _{\gamma \gamma,\text {j}_{1}\text {j}_{2}}|$, $|\Delta \phi _{\text {j}_{1},\text {j}_{2}}|$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma}$ in the VBF-enriched phase space region. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 16:
Double-differential fiducial cross section measured in bins of $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma}$ and $n_{\text {jets}}$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.

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Figure 17:
Double-differential fiducial cross section measured in bins of $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma}$ and $\tau _{\text {C}}^{\text {j}}$. The content of each plot is described in the caption of figure 10.
Tables

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Table 1:
Efficiencies of the photon identification MVA and $\sigma _{m}^{D}$ boundaries for the signal sample for all three years of data taking. The second row shows the efficiency of the photon identification MVA selection in the three $\sigma _{m}^{D}$ categories and for the full sample (Overall). The third row shows the efficiencies of the selections for the three $\sigma _{m}^{D}$ categories without the photon identification MVA selection applied. The four dominant Higgs boson production modes considered for this analysis are included in the sample and $ {m_{\mathrm{H}}} = $ 125 GeV is used. Only events satisfying the fiducial selection are included.

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Table 2:
Definition of the fiducial phase space. The labels 1, 2 refer to the ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ -ordered leading and subleading photon in the diphoton system. $\mathcal {I}_{\text {gen}}$ is defined as the total hadronic energy in a cone of radius $\Delta R=$ 0.3 around the photon candidate.

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Table 3:
Binning per observable of interest. The first row of the table shows the observables measured in the baseline fidicual phase space, the second one observables involving one extra jet, and the third one involving two or more extra jets. In the fourth row observables for the VBF-enriched phase space are shown.
Summary
The measurements of the H $\to \gamma\gamma$ fiducial inclusive and differential production cross section as a function of several observables have been presented. All results are compatible with the SM prediction within uncertainties. The fiducial phase space is defined by the ratio of the $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ to diphoton pair mass of the leading (subleading) photon satisfying $p_{\mathrm{T}}/m_{\gamma\gamma}> $ 1/3 (1/4), their pseudorapidity being within $|\eta|< $ 2.5 and both photons being isolated. The production cross section for the Higgs boson decaying into two photons is measured in this phase space to be $\sigma_{\text{fid}}=$ 73.40$_{-5.9}^{+6.1}$ fb, to be compared with the theoretical prediction from the SM of 75.44 $\pm$ 4.1fb. The H $\to \gamma\gamma$ cross section has been measured as a functions of observables of the diphoton system, as well as several others involving properties of the $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-leading and subleading jets. Observables corresponding to the number of jets, leptons and b tagged jets are included as well. For the first time, the cross section has been measured as a function of $\tau_{\text{C}}^{\text{j}}$, using up to six additional jets in the event, and $|{\phi_{\eta}^{\ast}}|$ for the diphoton system. Two double-differential cross section measurements have been performed: one in bins of $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ and the number of jets, the other one in bins of $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ and $\tau_{\text{C}}^{\text{j}}$. The measurements with respect to selected observables have been performed in a dedicated VBF-enriched phase space. Finally, the production cross section has been measured in three fiducial phase spaces loosely targeting the VH and ttH production modes.
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