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| CMS-HIG-21-005 ; CERN-EP-2024-043 | ||
| Search for Higgs boson pair production in the $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{W^+}\mathrm{W^-} $ decay mode in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 14 March 2024 | ||
| JHEP 07 (2024) 293 | ||
| Abstract: A search for Higgs boson pair (HH) production with one Higgs boson decaying to two bottom quarks and the other to two W bosons are presented. The search is done using proton-proton collisions data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $ recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC from 2016 to 2018. The final states considered include at least one leptonically decaying W boson. No evidence for the presence of a signal is observed and corresponding upper limits on the HH production cross section are derived. The limit on the inclusive cross section of the nonresonant HH production, assuming that the distributions of kinematic observables are as expected in the standard model (SM), is observed (expected) to be 14 (18) times the value predicted by the SM, at 95% confidence level. The limits on the cross section are also presented as functions of various Higgs boson coupling modifiers, and anomalous Higgs boson coupling scenarios. In addition, limits are set on the resonant HH production via spin-0 and spin-2 resonances within the mass range 250-900 GeV. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2403.09430 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Leading-order Feynman diagrams of nonresonant Higgs boson pair production via gluon fusion in the standard model. |
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Figure 1-a:
Leading-order Feynman diagrams of nonresonant Higgs boson pair production via gluon fusion in the standard model. |
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Figure 1-b:
Leading-order Feynman diagrams of nonresonant Higgs boson pair production via gluon fusion in the standard model. |
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Figure 2:
Leading-order Feynman diagrams of Higgs boson pair nonresonant production via vector boson fusion in the standard model. |
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Figure 2-a:
Leading-order Feynman diagrams of Higgs boson pair nonresonant production via vector boson fusion in the standard model. |
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Figure 2-b:
Leading-order Feynman diagrams of Higgs boson pair nonresonant production via vector boson fusion in the standard model. |
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Figure 2-c:
Leading-order Feynman diagrams of Higgs boson pair nonresonant production via vector boson fusion in the standard model. |
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Figure 3:
Leading-order Feynman diagrams of nonresonant Higgs boson pair production via gluon fusion with anomalous Higgs boson couplings. |
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Figure 3-a:
Leading-order Feynman diagrams of nonresonant Higgs boson pair production via gluon fusion with anomalous Higgs boson couplings. |
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Figure 3-b:
Leading-order Feynman diagrams of nonresonant Higgs boson pair production via gluon fusion with anomalous Higgs boson couplings. |
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Figure 3-c:
Leading-order Feynman diagrams of nonresonant Higgs boson pair production via gluon fusion with anomalous Higgs boson couplings. |
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Figure 4:
The distributions of some of the discriminants included in the DNN training for the single-lepton channel (upper) and the dilepton channel (lower). The distributions are shown after performing a maximum likelihood fit on the data for the variable pictured, using the same set of nuisance parameters (Section 8) as in the likelihood fit used to extract signal. The variables are from upper left to lower right: the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ variable, defined as the scalar sum of all selected jets $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $; the invariant mass of the two b-tagged jets; the invariant mass of the two leptons; the $ p_{\mathrm{T,LD}}^{\text{miss}} $, as defined in Section 4.5. |
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Figure 4-a:
The distributions of some of the discriminants included in the DNN training for the single-lepton channel (upper) and the dilepton channel (lower). The distributions are shown after performing a maximum likelihood fit on the data for the variable pictured, using the same set of nuisance parameters (Section 8) as in the likelihood fit used to extract signal. The variables are from upper left to lower right: the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ variable, defined as the scalar sum of all selected jets $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $; the invariant mass of the two b-tagged jets; the invariant mass of the two leptons; the $ p_{\mathrm{T,LD}}^{\text{miss}} $, as defined in Section 4.5. |
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Figure 4-b:
The distributions of some of the discriminants included in the DNN training for the single-lepton channel (upper) and the dilepton channel (lower). The distributions are shown after performing a maximum likelihood fit on the data for the variable pictured, using the same set of nuisance parameters (Section 8) as in the likelihood fit used to extract signal. The variables are from upper left to lower right: the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ variable, defined as the scalar sum of all selected jets $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $; the invariant mass of the two b-tagged jets; the invariant mass of the two leptons; the $ p_{\mathrm{T,LD}}^{\text{miss}} $, as defined in Section 4.5. |
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Figure 4-c:
The distributions of some of the discriminants included in the DNN training for the single-lepton channel (upper) and the dilepton channel (lower). The distributions are shown after performing a maximum likelihood fit on the data for the variable pictured, using the same set of nuisance parameters (Section 8) as in the likelihood fit used to extract signal. The variables are from upper left to lower right: the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ variable, defined as the scalar sum of all selected jets $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $; the invariant mass of the two b-tagged jets; the invariant mass of the two leptons; the $ p_{\mathrm{T,LD}}^{\text{miss}} $, as defined in Section 4.5. |
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Figure 4-d:
The distributions of some of the discriminants included in the DNN training for the single-lepton channel (upper) and the dilepton channel (lower). The distributions are shown after performing a maximum likelihood fit on the data for the variable pictured, using the same set of nuisance parameters (Section 8) as in the likelihood fit used to extract signal. The variables are from upper left to lower right: the $ H_{\mathrm{T}} $ variable, defined as the scalar sum of all selected jets $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $; the invariant mass of the two b-tagged jets; the invariant mass of the two leptons; the $ p_{\mathrm{T,LD}}^{\text{miss}} $, as defined in Section 4.5. |
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Figure 5:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the nonresonant search for each event category for the single-lepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, HH (VBF) on the upper right, Top+Higgs on the lower left and W$+$jets + Other on the lower right. The event categories are summarised in Table 1. The signal shown is scaled to the expected upper limit on cross section. |
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Figure 5-a:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the nonresonant search for each event category for the single-lepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, HH (VBF) on the upper right, Top+Higgs on the lower left and W$+$jets + Other on the lower right. The event categories are summarised in Table 1. The signal shown is scaled to the expected upper limit on cross section. |
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Figure 5-b:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the nonresonant search for each event category for the single-lepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, HH (VBF) on the upper right, Top+Higgs on the lower left and W$+$jets + Other on the lower right. The event categories are summarised in Table 1. The signal shown is scaled to the expected upper limit on cross section. |
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Figure 5-c:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the nonresonant search for each event category for the single-lepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, HH (VBF) on the upper right, Top+Higgs on the lower left and W$+$jets + Other on the lower right. The event categories are summarised in Table 1. The signal shown is scaled to the expected upper limit on cross section. |
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Figure 5-d:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the nonresonant search for each event category for the single-lepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, HH (VBF) on the upper right, Top+Higgs on the lower left and W$+$jets + Other on the lower right. The event categories are summarised in Table 1. The signal shown is scaled to the expected upper limit on cross section. |
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Figure 6:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the nonresonant search for each event category for the dilepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, HH (VBF) on the upper right, Top+Other on the lower left and DY+Multiboson on the lower right. The event categories are summarised in Table 2. The signal shown is scaled to the expected upper limit on cross section. |
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Figure 6-a:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the nonresonant search for each event category for the dilepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, HH (VBF) on the upper right, Top+Other on the lower left and DY+Multiboson on the lower right. The event categories are summarised in Table 2. The signal shown is scaled to the expected upper limit on cross section. |
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Figure 6-b:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the nonresonant search for each event category for the dilepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, HH (VBF) on the upper right, Top+Other on the lower left and DY+Multiboson on the lower right. The event categories are summarised in Table 2. The signal shown is scaled to the expected upper limit on cross section. |
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Figure 6-c:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the nonresonant search for each event category for the dilepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, HH (VBF) on the upper right, Top+Other on the lower left and DY+Multiboson on the lower right. The event categories are summarised in Table 2. The signal shown is scaled to the expected upper limit on cross section. |
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Figure 6-d:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the nonresonant search for each event category for the dilepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, HH (VBF) on the upper right, Top+Other on the lower left and DY+Multiboson on the lower right. The event categories are summarised in Table 2. The signal shown is scaled to the expected upper limit on cross section. |
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Figure 7:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the resonant search for each event category for the single-lepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN shown corresponds to a scalar resonance with mass 400 GeV. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, Top+Higgs on the upper right and W$+$jets + Other on the lower. The event categories are summarised in Table 1. The signal shown is scaled to a cross section of 1 pb. |
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Figure 7-a:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the resonant search for each event category for the single-lepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN shown corresponds to a scalar resonance with mass 400 GeV. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, Top+Higgs on the upper right and W$+$jets + Other on the lower. The event categories are summarised in Table 1. The signal shown is scaled to a cross section of 1 pb. |
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Figure 7-b:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the resonant search for each event category for the single-lepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN shown corresponds to a scalar resonance with mass 400 GeV. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, Top+Higgs on the upper right and W$+$jets + Other on the lower. The event categories are summarised in Table 1. The signal shown is scaled to a cross section of 1 pb. |
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Figure 7-c:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the resonant search for each event category for the single-lepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN shown corresponds to a scalar resonance with mass 400 GeV. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, Top+Higgs on the upper right and W$+$jets + Other on the lower. The event categories are summarised in Table 1. The signal shown is scaled to a cross section of 1 pb. |
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Figure 8:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the resonant search for each event category for the dilepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN shown corresponds to a scalar resonance with mass 400 GeV. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, Top+Other upper right and DY+Multiboson on the lower. The event categories are summarised in Table 2. The signal shown is scaled to a cross section of 1 pb. |
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Figure 8-a:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the resonant search for each event category for the dilepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN shown corresponds to a scalar resonance with mass 400 GeV. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, Top+Other upper right and DY+Multiboson on the lower. The event categories are summarised in Table 2. The signal shown is scaled to a cross section of 1 pb. |
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Figure 8-b:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the resonant search for each event category for the dilepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN shown corresponds to a scalar resonance with mass 400 GeV. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, Top+Other upper right and DY+Multiboson on the lower. The event categories are summarised in Table 2. The signal shown is scaled to a cross section of 1 pb. |
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Figure 8-c:
The distributions of the DNN discriminants of the resonant search for each event category for the dilepton channel, after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the same distributions in data. The DNN shown corresponds to a scalar resonance with mass 400 GeV. The DNN discriminant for the HH (ggF) category is shown on the upper left, Top+Other upper right and DY+Multiboson on the lower. The event categories are summarised in Table 2. The signal shown is scaled to a cross section of 1 pb. |
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Figure 9:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the inclusive nonresonant HH production cross section obtained for both single-lepton and dilepton channels, and from their combination. The green and yellow bands show the 1 and 2 standard deviations from the expectation. |
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Figure 10:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the nonresonant HH production via vector boson fusion cross section obtained for both single-lepton and dilepton channels, and from their combination. The green and yellow bands show the 1 and 2 standard deviations from the expectation. |
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Figure 11:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the nonresonant HH production cross section as a function of the Higgs boson self-coupling strength modifier $ \kappa_{\lambda}$. The green and yellow bands show the 1 and 2 standard deviations from the expectation. All Higgs boson couplings other than $ \lambda $ are assumed to have the values predicted by the SM. Overlaid in red is the curve representing the predicted HH production cross section. |
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Figure 12:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the nonresonant HH production via VBF cross section as a function of the effective coupling $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} $. The green and yellow bands show the 1 and 2 standard deviations from the expectation. The ggF contribution in this case is set to the SM expectation. All other Higgs boson couplings are assumed to have the values predicted by the SM. Overlaid in red is the curve representing the predicted HH production cross section. |
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Figure 13:
Observed and expected 95% CL exclusion limits on the nonresonant HH production cross section as a function of the effective couplings $ \kappa_{\lambda}$ and $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} $. The blue area is excluded by the observation. The confidence intervals around the expected median exclusion contour are shown as dark and light-grey areas corresponding to 1 and 2 standard deviations respectively. The red diamond shows the SM expectation while the fine dashed lines show the theoretical cross section contours. The ggF contribution in this case is set to the SM expectation. All other Higgs boson couplings are assumed to have the values predicted by the SM. |
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Figure 14:
Observed and expected 95% CL exclusion limits on the nonresonant HH production via VBF cross section as a function of the effective couplings $ \kappa_{\mathrm{V}} $ and $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} $. The blue area is excluded by the observation. The confidence intervals around the expected median exclusion contour are shown as dark and light-grey areas corresponding to 1 and 2 standard deviations respectively. The red diamond shows the SM expectation while the fine dashed lines show the theoretical cross section contours. The ggF contribution in this case is set to the SM expectation. All other Higgs boson couplings are assumed to have the values predicted by the SM. |
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Figure 15:
Observed and expected 95% CL exclusion limits on the nonresonant HH production cross section as a function of the effective couplings $ \kappa_{\lambda}$ and $\kappa_{\mathrm{t}}$. The blue area is excluded by the observation. The confidence intervals around the expected median exclusion contour are shown as dark and light-grey areas corresponding to 1 and 2 standard deviations respectively. The red diamond shows the SM expectation while the fine dashed lines show the theoretical cross section contours. All other Higgs boson couplings are assumed to have the values predicted by the SM. |
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Figure 16:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the nonresonant HH production cross section for two different benchmark scenarios ``JHEP04(2016)01'' and ``JHEP03(2020)91'' from Refs. [89,90]. The green and yellow bands show the 1 and 2 standard deviations from the expectation. |
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Figure 17:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the nonresonant HH production cross section as a function of the effective coupling $ c_{2} $. The green and yellow bands show the 1 and 2 standard deviations from the expectation. All other Higgs boson couplings are assumed to have the values predicted in the SM. Overlaid in red (upper) is the curve representing the predicted HH production cross section. |
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Figure 18:
Observed and expected 95% CL exclusion limits on the nonresonant HH production cross section as a function of the effective couplings $ \kappa_{\lambda}$ and $ c_{2} $. The blue area is excluded by the observation. The confidence intervals around the expected median exclusion contour are shown as dark and light-grey areas corresponding to 1 and 2 standard deviations respectively. The red diamond shows the SM expectation while the fine dashed lines show the theoretical cross section contours. All other Higgs boson couplings are assumed to have the values predicted in the SM. |
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Figure 19:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the production of new particles X of spin-0 (upper) and spin-2 (lower) and mass $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ in the range 250 $ \leq m_{\mathrm{X}} \leq $ 900 GeV, which decay to Higgs boson pairs. The green and yellow bands show the 1 and 2 standard deviations from the expectation. Theory predictions in benchmark scenarios for bulk radion (upper) and bulk graviton (lower) models are overlaid. |
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Figure 19-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the production of new particles X of spin-0 (upper) and spin-2 (lower) and mass $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ in the range 250 $ \leq m_{\mathrm{X}} \leq $ 900 GeV, which decay to Higgs boson pairs. The green and yellow bands show the 1 and 2 standard deviations from the expectation. Theory predictions in benchmark scenarios for bulk radion (upper) and bulk graviton (lower) models are overlaid. |
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Figure 19-b:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the production of new particles X of spin-0 (upper) and spin-2 (lower) and mass $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ in the range 250 $ \leq m_{\mathrm{X}} \leq $ 900 GeV, which decay to Higgs boson pairs. The green and yellow bands show the 1 and 2 standard deviations from the expectation. Theory predictions in benchmark scenarios for bulk radion (upper) and bulk graviton (lower) models are overlaid. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of the categories of events according to the DNN-based multiclassification and $ \mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ topology for the single-lepton channel. The VBF category is considered only in the nonresonant search. |
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Table 2:
Summary of the categories of events according to the DNN-based multiclassification and $ \mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ topology for the dilepton channel. The VBF category is considered only in the nonresonant search. |
| Summary |
| In this paper, a search for Higgs boson pair production (HH) in the $ {\mathrm{H}\mathrm{H}}\to\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{W^+}\mathrm{W^-} $ decay channel is presented. The nonresonant and the resonant production mechanisms are studied. No significant deviation from the standard model (SM) background is found. Upper limits are set on the HH production cross section.The cross section for the inclusive nonresonant $ {\mathrm{H}\mathrm{H}}\to\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{W^+}\mathrm{W^-} $ production is excluded up to a minimum of 14 times the value predicted by the SM at 95% confidence level. Compared to previous results on the same process by the CMS Collaboration, this search represents a significant improvement with a gain in sensitivity by up to a factor of five. The vector boson fusion production is excluded up to 277 times the value predicted by the SM at 95% confidence level.The limits on the cross sections are also shown as a function of various Higgs boson coupling modifiers and anomalous Higgs boson couplings. The Higgs boson trilinear coupling $ \lambda_{\mathrm{HHH}} $ is constrained between-7.2 and 13.8 times the value expected in the SM. The coupling modifier for the quartic interaction between two Higgs bosons and two W or Z bosons, $ \kappa_{2\mathrm{V}} $, is constrained between-1.1 and 3.2. The coupling between two top quarks and two Higgs bosons, which is predicted to be zero in the SM, is constrained between-0.8 and 1.3. The exclusion contours are drawn as a function of the Higgs boson coupling modifiers.The HH production via a heavy resonance is studied in the mass range from 250 to 900 GeV. Spin-0 and spin-2 scenarios for the resonance are tested and compared to the common theoretical benchmarks of a heavy CP-even scalar radion and a graviton. The limits on the resonance production cross section in the spin-0 (2) scenario vary between 5540 (6368) and 20 (15) fb corresponding to the 250 and 900 GeV mass points, respectively. These limits are comparable to those set by the $ \gamma\gamma\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ resonant HH search. |
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