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| CMS-EXO-18-011 ; CERN-EP-2019-141 | ||
| Search for dark matter particles produced in association with a Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 5 August 2019 | ||
| JHEP 03 (2020) 025 | ||
| Abstract: A search for dark matter (DM) particles is performed using events with a Higgs boson candidate and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The search is performed in five Higgs boson decay channels: $\mathrm{h} \to \mathrm{b\bar{b}}$, $\gamma\gamma$, $\tau^{+}\tau^{-}$, $\mathrm{W}^{+}\mathrm{W}^{-}$, and $\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}$ and the results from the individual channels are combined to maximize the sensitivity of the analysis. No significant excess over the expected standard model background is observed in any of the five channels or in their combination. Limits are set on DM production in the context of two simplified models. The results are also interpreted in terms of a spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section and compared to those from direct-detection DM experiments. This is the first search for DM particles produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to a pair of W or Z bosons, and the first statistical combination based on five Higgs boson decay channels. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:1908.01713 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Representative Feynman diagrams for the two benchmark signal models considered in this paper: the Z'-2HDM (left) and the baryonic Z' model (right). |
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Figure 1-a:
Representative Feynman diagram for the Z'-2HDM signal model. |
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Figure 1-b:
Representative Feynman diagram for the baryonic Z' signal model. |
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Figure 2:
The distribution of ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ at the generator level for the Z'-2HDM (left), showing the dependence on the two main model parameters varied in the analysis, ${m_{\mathrm{Z'}}}$ and ${m_{\mathrm{A} }}$, and for the baryonic Z' model (right), showing the variation of ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{Z'}}}$ and ${m_\chi}$. All other parameters of the models are fixed to the values specified in the text. The distributions are normalized to unit area. |
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Figure 2-a:
The distribution of ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ at the generator level for the Z'-2HDM, showing the dependence on the two main model parameters varied in the analysis, ${m_{\mathrm{Z'}}}$ and ${m_{\mathrm{A} }}$. All other parameters of the model are fixed to the values specified in the text. The distributions are normalized to unit area. |
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Figure 2-b:
The distribution of ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ at the generator level for the baryonic Z' model, showing the variation of ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{Z'}}}$ and ${m_\chi}$. All other parameters of the model are fixed to the values specified in the text. The distributions are normalized to unit area. |
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Figure 3:
The distribution of ${m_{{\ell} {\ell}}}$ (left) and ${\Delta R_{{\ell} {\ell}}}$ (right) after the preselection, expected from MC simulation (stacked histograms) and observed in data (points with vertical bars). The systematic uncertainties, discussed in Section 7.1, are shown by the hatched region. Two signal benchmarks, corresponding to the Z'-2HDM (dotted orange line) and baryonic Z' (solid black line) model are superimposed. The signal is normalized to the product of cross section and branching fraction, where $\mathcal {B}$ represents the $\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}} $ branching fraction. The lower panel shows the ratio of the data to the predicted SM background. |
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Figure 3-a:
The distribution of ${m_{{\ell} {\ell}}}$ after the preselection, expected from MC simulation (stacked histograms) and observed in data (points with vertical bars). The systematic uncertainties, discussed in Section 7.1, are shown by the hatched region. Two signal benchmarks, corresponding to the Z'-2HDM (dotted orange line) and baryonic Z' (solid black line) model are superimposed. The signal is normalized to the product of cross section and branching fraction, where $\mathcal {B}$ represents the $\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}} $ branching fraction. The lower panel shows the ratio of the data to the predicted SM background. |
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Figure 3-b:
The distribution of ${\Delta R_{{\ell} {\ell}}}$ after the preselection, expected from MC simulation (stacked histograms) and observed in data (points with vertical bars). The systematic uncertainties, discussed in Section 7.1, are shown by the hatched region. Two signal benchmarks, corresponding to the Z'-2HDM (dotted orange line) and baryonic Z' (solid black line) model are superimposed. The signal is normalized to the product of cross section and branching fraction, where $\mathcal {B}$ represents the $\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}} $ branching fraction. The lower panel shows the ratio of the data to the predicted SM background. |
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Figure 4:
The four-lepton invariant mass (left) and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ distributions (right) after the preselection, expected from MC simulation (stacked histograms) and observed in data (points with vertical bars). The systematic uncertainties, discussed in Section 7.1, are shown by the hatched region. Two signal benchmarks, corresponding to the Z'-2HDM (dotted orange line) and baryonic Z' (solid black line) model are superimposed. The signal is normalized to the product of cross section and branching fraction, where $\mathcal {B}$ represents the $\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{Z} \mathrm{Z}} $ branching fraction. The lower panel shows the ratio of the data to the predicted SM background. |
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Figure 4-a:
The four-lepton invariant mass distribution after the preselection, expected from MC simulation (stacked histograms) and observed in data (points with vertical bars). The systematic uncertainties, discussed in Section 7.1, are shown by the hatched region. Two signal benchmarks, corresponding to the Z'-2HDM (dotted orange line) and baryonic Z' (solid black line) model are superimposed. The signal is normalized to the product of cross section and branching fraction, where $\mathcal {B}$ represents the $\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{Z} \mathrm{Z}} $ branching fraction. The lower panel shows the ratio of the data to the predicted SM background. |
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Figure 4-b:
The ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ distribution after the preselection, expected from MC simulation (stacked histograms) and observed in data (points with vertical bars). The systematic uncertainties, discussed in Section 7.1, are shown by the hatched region. Two signal benchmarks, corresponding to the Z'-2HDM (dotted orange line) and baryonic Z' (solid black line) model are superimposed. The signal is normalized to the product of cross section and branching fraction, where $\mathcal {B}$ represents the $\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{Z} \mathrm{Z}} $ branching fraction. The lower panel shows the ratio of the data to the predicted SM background. |
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Figure 5:
The distribution of the BDT discriminants expected from MC simulation before and after the fit, and observed in data (points with errors) for the Z'-2HDM (left) and baryonic Z' (right) model in the signal region in the ${\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}}}$ analysis. Two signal benchmarks, corresponding to the Z'-2HDM (dotted orange line, left) and baryonic Z' (solid black line, right) model are superimposed. The signal is normalized to the product of cross section and branching fraction, where $\mathcal {B}$ represents the $\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}} $ branching fraction. The systematic uncertainties are shown by the hatched band. The lower panel shows the ratio of data to the total background yield, before and after the fit. |
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Figure 5-a:
The distribution of the BDT discriminants expected from MC simulation before and after the fit, and observed in data (points with errors) for the Z'-2HDM model in the signal region in the ${\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}}}$ analysis. The Z'-2HDM (dotted orange line) model is superimposed. The signal is normalized to the product of cross section and branching fraction, where $\mathcal {B}$ represents the $\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}} $ branching fraction. The systematic uncertainties are shown by the hatched band. The lower panel shows the ratio of data to the total background yield, before and after the fit. |
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Figure 5-b:
The distribution of the BDT discriminants expected from MC simulation before and after the fit, and observed in data (points with errors) for the baryonic Z' model in the signal region in the ${\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}}}$ analysis. The baryonic Z' (solid black line) model is superimposed. The signal is normalized to the product of cross section and branching fraction, where $\mathcal {B}$ represents the $\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}} $ branching fraction. The systematic uncertainties are shown by the hatched band. The lower panel shows the ratio of data to the total background yield, before and after the fit. |
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Figure 6:
The ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ distribution for the expected background and observed events in data in the ${\mathrm{h} \to \mathrm{Z} \mathrm{Z}}$ analysis. Two signal benchmarks, corresponding to the Z'-2HDM (dotted orange line, left) and baryonic Z' (solid black line, right) model are superimposed. The signal is normalized to the product of cross section and branching fraction, where $\mathcal {B}$ represents the $\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{Z} \mathrm{Z}} $ branching fraction. The systematic uncertainties are shown by the hatched band. The ratios of the data and the sum of all the SM backgrounds are shown in the bottom panels. |
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Figure 7:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the observed and expected DM production cross section for the ${\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}}}$ (upper) and ${\mathrm{h} \to \mathrm{Z} \mathrm{Z}}$ (lower) analyses for the Z'-2HDM with $ {m_{\mathrm{A} }} = $ 300 GeV (left) and for the baryonic Z' with $ {m_\chi} = $ 1 GeV (right) model. The inner and outer shaded bands show the 68 and 95% uncertainties in the expected limit, respectively. |
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Figure 7-a:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the observed and expected DM production cross section for the ${\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}}}$ analysis for the Z'-2HDM with $ {m_{\mathrm{A} }} = $ 300 GeV model. The inner and outer shaded bands show the 68 and 95% uncertainties in the expected limit, respectively. |
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Figure 7-b:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the observed and expected DM production cross section for the ${\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}}}$ analysis for the baryonic Z' with $ {m_\chi} = $ 1 GeV model. The inner and outer shaded bands show the 68 and 95% uncertainties in the expected limit, respectively. |
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Figure 7-c:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the observed and expected DM production cross section for the ${\mathrm{h} \to \mathrm{Z} \mathrm{Z}}$ analysis for the Z'-2HDM with $ {m_{\mathrm{A} }} = $ 300 GeV model. The inner and outer shaded bands show the 68 and 95% uncertainties in the expected limit, respectively. |
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Figure 7-d:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the observed and expected DM production cross section for the ${\mathrm{h} \to \mathrm{Z} \mathrm{Z}}$ analysis for the baryonic Z' with $ {m_\chi} = $ 1 GeV model. The inner and outer shaded bands show the 68 and 95% uncertainties in the expected limit, respectively. |
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Figure 8:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the observed and expected $\sigma /\sigma _\text {th}$ for the Z'-2HDM (left) and baryonic Z' (right) model for the five individual decay modes of the Higgs boson, and for their combination. The distributions are shown as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{Z'}}}$ for $ {m_{\mathrm{A} }} = $ 300 GeV (Z'-2HDM) and $ {m_\chi} = $ 1 GeV (baryonic Z' model). The inner and outer shaded bands show the 68 and 95% CL uncertainties in the expected limit, respectively. |
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Figure 8-a:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the observed and expected $\sigma /\sigma _\text {th}$ for the Z'-2HDM model for the five individual decay modes of the Higgs boson, and for their combination. The distributions are shown as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{Z'}}}$ for $ {m_{\mathrm{A} }} = $ 300 GeV. The inner and outer shaded bands show the 68 and 95% CL uncertainties in the expected limit, respectively. |
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Figure 8-b:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the observed and expected $\sigma /\sigma _\text {th}$ for the baryonic Z' model for the five individual decay modes of the Higgs boson, and for their combination. The distributions are shown as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{Z'}}}$ for $ {m_\chi} = $ 1 GeV. The inner and outer shaded bands show the 68 and 95% CL uncertainties in the expected limit, respectively. |
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Figure 9:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the observed and expected $\sigma /\sigma _\text {th}$ in the ${m_{\mathrm{Z'}}} $-$ {m_{\mathrm{A} }}$ and ${m_{\mathrm{Z'}}} $-$ {m_\chi}$ planes for the Z'-2HDM (left) and baryonic Z' model (right), respectively. The region enclosed by the contours is excluded using the combination of the five decay channels of the Higgs boson for the following benchmark scenarios: $ {g_{\mathrm{Z'}}}= $ 0.8, $ {g_{\chi}}=$ 1, $\tan\beta =$ 1, $ {m_\chi} = $ 100 GeV, and $ {m_{\mathrm{A} }} = m_{\mathrm{H}} = m_{\mathrm{H} ^\pm}$ for the Z'-2HDM, and $ {g_{\chi}}=$ 1, $ {g_{\mathrm{q}}}= $ 0.25 for the baryonic Z' model. |
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Figure 9-a:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the observed and expected $\sigma /\sigma _\text {th}$ in the ${m_{\mathrm{Z'}}} $-$ {m_{\mathrm{A} }}$ plane for the Z'-2HDM model. The region enclosed by the contours is excluded using the combination of the five decay channels of the Higgs boson for the following benchmark scenario: $ {g_{\mathrm{Z'}}}= $ 0.8, $ {g_{\chi}}=$ 1, $\tan\beta =$ 1, $ {m_\chi} = $ 100 GeV, and $ {m_{\mathrm{A} }} = m_{\mathrm{H}} = m_{\mathrm{H} ^\pm}$. |
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Figure 9-b:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the observed and expected $\sigma /\sigma _\text {th}$ in the ${m_{\mathrm{Z'}}} $-$ {m_\chi}$ plane for the Z'-2HDM baryonic Z' model. The region enclosed by the contours is excluded using the combination of the five decay channels of the Higgs boson for the following benchmark scenario: $ {g_{\chi}}=$ 1, $ {g_{\mathrm{q}}}= $ 0.25. |
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Figure 10:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the observed $\sigma /\sigma _\text {th}$ for the Z'-2HDM in the ${m_{\mathrm{Z'}}} $-$\tan\beta $ plane from the combination of the five Higgs boson decay channels. Each contour represents the excluded region for a given value of $ {m_{\mathrm{A} }} = $ 300, 400, and 600 GeV. |
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Figure 11:
The upper limits at 90% CL on the DM-nucleon spin-independent scattering cross section ${\sigma ^{\mathrm {SI}}}$, as a function of ${m_\chi}$. Results obtained in this analysis are compared with those from several direct-detection experiments: CRESST-II [96], CDMSLite [97], PandaX-II [98], LUX [99], XENON-1T [100], and CDEX-10 [101]. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of the individual channels entering the combination. Analyses are categorized based on the model, ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ selection, and subsequent decay products listed here. The categorization is the same for both the Z'-2HDM and the Baryonic Z' model for all decay channels except, as indicated, ${\mathrm{h} \to \mathrm{b} \mathrm{b}}$. A dash ("--") in the last column implies that the analysis is presented in this paper. |
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Table 2:
Summary of the maximum number of additional objects allowed in an event for each analysis. A dash means that no restriction on the corresponding object is applied in the corresponding analysis. |
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Table 3:
Systematic uncertainties affecting the ${\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}}}$ analysis. |
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Table 4:
Systematic uncertainties affecting the ${\mathrm{h} \to \mathrm{Z} \mathrm{Z}}$ analysis. |
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Table 5:
Systematic uncertainties in the combination of channels, along with the type (rate/shape) of uncertainty affecting signal and background processes, correlated amongst at least two final states. For the rate uncertainties, the percentage of the prior value is quoted, while for shape uncertainties an estimate of the impact of systematic uncertainties on the yield is also listed. A dash ("--'') implies that a given uncertainty does not affect the analysis. Whenever an uncertainty is present but kept uncorrelated in a particular channel, this is mentioned explicitly. The effect of the b jet mistag rate uncertainty is very small in the ${\mathrm{h} \to \mathrm{b} \mathrm{b}}$ Z'-2HDM analysis and hence it is added to the effect of the b tagging efficiency uncertainty in quadrature. |
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Table 6:
The post-fit signal and background event yields, and the observed number of events in data, for the ${\mathrm{h} \to {\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W}}}$ analysis. The expected numbers of signal events for the two signal hypotheses are also reported, one for each benchmark model. The total uncertainty, including both statistical and systematic components, is quoted for the expected signal and backgrounds yields. |
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Table 7:
The post-fit signal and background event yields, and the observed number of events in data, for the ${\mathrm{h} \to \mathrm{Z} \mathrm{Z}}$ analysis. The expected numbers of signal events for the two signal hypotheses are also reported, one for each benchmark model. The total uncertainty, including both statistical and systematic components, is quoted for the expected signal and backgrounds yields. |
| Summary |
| A search for dark matter particles produced in association with a Higgs boson has been presented, using a sample of proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. Results from five decay channels of the Higgs boson, $\mathrm{h} \to \mathrm{b\bar{b}}$, ${\mathrm{h} \to \gamma\gamma} $, and $\mathrm{h} \to \tau^{+}\tau^{-}$, $\mathrm{h} \to \mathrm{W}^{+} \mathrm{W}^{-}$ and $\mathrm{h} \to \mathrm{ZZ}$, are described, along with their statistical combination. No significant deviation from the standard model prediction is observed in any of the channels or in their combination. Upper limits at 95% confidence level on the production cross section of dark matter are set in a type-II two Higgs doublet model extended by a Z' boson and in a baryonic Z' model. The results in the baryonic Z' model are also interpreted in terms of the spin-independent dark matter nucleon scattering cross section. This is the first search for DM particles produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to a pair of W or Z bosons, and the first statistical combination based on five Higgs boson decay channels. |
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