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| CMS-B2G-24-001 ; CERN-EP-2025-160 | ||
| Search for a new scalar resonance decaying to a Higgs boson and another new scalar particle in the final state with two bottom quarks and two photons in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 15 August 2025 | ||
| Accepted for publication in J. High Energy Phys. | ||
| Abstract: A search is presented for a new scalar resonance, X, decaying to a standard model Higgs boson and another new scalar particle, Y, in the final state where the Higgs boson decays to a $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ pair, while the Y particle decays to a pair of photons. The search is performed in the mass range 240-1000 GeV for the resonance X, and in the mass range 70-800 GeV for the particle Y, using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 132 fb$ ^{-1} $. In general, the data are found to be compatible with the standard model expectation. Observed (expected) upper limits at 95% confidence level on the product of the production cross section and the relevant branching fraction are extracted for the $ \mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{Y}} \mathrm{H} $ process, and are found to be within the range of 0.05-2.69 (0.08-1.94) fb, depending on $ m_\mathrm{X} $ and $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} $. The most significant deviation from the background-only hypothesis is observed for X and Y masses of 300 and 77 GeV, respectively, with a local (global) significance of 3.33 (0.65) standard deviations. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2508.11494 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
png pdf |
Figure 1:
Feynman diagram for the production of the BSM resonance X and its subsequent decay to two scalars, one SM Higgs boson and one BSM scalar Y, with $ \mathrm{H}\to\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ and $ {\mathrm{Y}} \to\gamma\gamma $. |
png pdf |
Figure 2:
Distributions of the transformed PNN score for the signal hypotheses of $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 280 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 125 GeV (left) and $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 600 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 70 GeV (right) in their corresponding SRs. The bin boundaries correspond to the SR boundaries of each mass point. The distributions are inclusive in the $ m_{\gamma\gamma} $ distribution. The gray bands in the lower panels show the statistical uncertainty in the background estimation. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-a:
Distributions of the transformed PNN score for the signal hypotheses of $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 280 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 125 GeV (left) and $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 600 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 70 GeV (right) in their corresponding SRs. The bin boundaries correspond to the SR boundaries of each mass point. The distributions are inclusive in the $ m_{\gamma\gamma} $ distribution. The gray bands in the lower panels show the statistical uncertainty in the background estimation. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-b:
Distributions of the transformed PNN score for the signal hypotheses of $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 280 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 125 GeV (left) and $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 600 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 70 GeV (right) in their corresponding SRs. The bin boundaries correspond to the SR boundaries of each mass point. The distributions are inclusive in the $ m_{\gamma\gamma} $ distribution. The gray bands in the lower panels show the statistical uncertainty in the background estimation. |
png pdf |
Figure 3:
Parametric models of the signal process for $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 600 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 70 GeV (left), and for $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 1000 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 800 GeV (right) in their most sensitive SR. The histograms are normalized to unity. The acronym ``dof" stands for the number of degrees of freedom of the parametric model. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-a:
Parametric models of the signal process for $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 600 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 70 GeV (left), and for $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 1000 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 800 GeV (right) in their most sensitive SR. The histograms are normalized to unity. The acronym ``dof" stands for the number of degrees of freedom of the parametric model. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
Parametric models of the signal process for $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 600 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 70 GeV (left), and for $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 1000 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 800 GeV (right) in their most sensitive SR. The histograms are normalized to unity. The acronym ``dof" stands for the number of degrees of freedom of the parametric model. |
png pdf |
Figure 4:
Background-only fit (solid red line) and signal+background fit (dashed blue line) for the mass point hypothesis of $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 280 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 90 GeV, shown for the most sensitive SR (left) and the second most sensitive SR (right). The points in the lower panel show the difference between the data and the background-only fit, divided by the average uncertainty in the data. The red line in the lower panel shows the background-only fit, which is by definition zero, and it is added as a visual aid. From left to right, the first and second most sensitive SRs are shown. The choice of the background functional form is determined by the maximum likelihood fit. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-a:
Background-only fit (solid red line) and signal+background fit (dashed blue line) for the mass point hypothesis of $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 280 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 90 GeV, shown for the most sensitive SR (left) and the second most sensitive SR (right). The points in the lower panel show the difference between the data and the background-only fit, divided by the average uncertainty in the data. The red line in the lower panel shows the background-only fit, which is by definition zero, and it is added as a visual aid. From left to right, the first and second most sensitive SRs are shown. The choice of the background functional form is determined by the maximum likelihood fit. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-b:
Background-only fit (solid red line) and signal+background fit (dashed blue line) for the mass point hypothesis of $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 280 GeV, $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 90 GeV, shown for the most sensitive SR (left) and the second most sensitive SR (right). The points in the lower panel show the difference between the data and the background-only fit, divided by the average uncertainty in the data. The red line in the lower panel shows the background-only fit, which is by definition zero, and it is added as a visual aid. From left to right, the first and second most sensitive SRs are shown. The choice of the background functional form is determined by the maximum likelihood fit. |
png pdf |
Figure 5:
Observed (expected) upper limits on $ \sigma\mathcal{B} $ for the $ \mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{Y}} (\gamma\gamma)\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $ signal with the different mass hypotheses are shown with solid (dashed) lines, for mass points with $ m_\mathrm{X} $ ranging from 600 to 1000 GeV (upper) and from 240 to 550 GeV (lower). The green and the yellow bands define the $ \pm $68% and $ \pm $95% uncertainty bands, respectively. For visualization purposes, the upper limits for mass points with different $ m_\mathrm{X} $ have been multiplied with a constant factor quoted on the right of each band. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
Observed (expected) upper limits on $ \sigma\mathcal{B} $ for the $ \mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{Y}} (\gamma\gamma)\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $ signal with the different mass hypotheses are shown with solid (dashed) lines, for mass points with $ m_\mathrm{X} $ ranging from 600 to 1000 GeV (upper) and from 240 to 550 GeV (lower). The green and the yellow bands define the $ \pm $68% and $ \pm $95% uncertainty bands, respectively. For visualization purposes, the upper limits for mass points with different $ m_\mathrm{X} $ have been multiplied with a constant factor quoted on the right of each band. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
Observed (expected) upper limits on $ \sigma\mathcal{B} $ for the $ \mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{Y}} (\gamma\gamma)\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $ signal with the different mass hypotheses are shown with solid (dashed) lines, for mass points with $ m_\mathrm{X} $ ranging from 600 to 1000 GeV (upper) and from 240 to 550 GeV (lower). The green and the yellow bands define the $ \pm $68% and $ \pm $95% uncertainty bands, respectively. For visualization purposes, the upper limits for mass points with different $ m_\mathrm{X} $ have been multiplied with a constant factor quoted on the right of each band. |
png pdf |
Figure 6:
Observed (expected) upper limits on $ \sigma\mathcal{B} $ for the $ \mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{Y}} (\gamma\gamma)\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $ signal with the different $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} $ hypotheses are shown with solid (dashed) lines, shown for the lowest $ m_\mathrm{X} $ = 240 GeV (left) and for the highest $ m_\mathrm{X} $ = 1000 GeV (right). The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68% and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-a:
Observed (expected) upper limits on $ \sigma\mathcal{B} $ for the $ \mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{Y}} (\gamma\gamma)\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $ signal with the different $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} $ hypotheses are shown with solid (dashed) lines, shown for the lowest $ m_\mathrm{X} $ = 240 GeV (left) and for the highest $ m_\mathrm{X} $ = 1000 GeV (right). The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68% and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-b:
Observed (expected) upper limits on $ \sigma\mathcal{B} $ for the $ \mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{Y}} (\gamma\gamma)\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $ signal with the different $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} $ hypotheses are shown with solid (dashed) lines, shown for the lowest $ m_\mathrm{X} $ = 240 GeV (left) and for the highest $ m_\mathrm{X} $ = 1000 GeV (right). The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68% and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. |
| Tables | |
png pdf |
Table 1:
Additional photon requirements, as functions of $ |\eta| $ and $ R_{9} $. The variable $ \rho $ is the median of the transverse energy density per unit area in the event. |
png pdf |
Table 2:
The training variables included as input to the PNN used for the final selection of this search. The symbols $ \gamma_1 $, $ \gamma_2 $ denote the leading and subleading photons, while $ j_1 $ and $ j_2 $ denote the leading and subleading jets. |
| Summary |
| A search has been presented for the production of a new scalar resonance, X, decaying to a standard model Higgs boson and a new scalar resonance, Y, with the final state including a $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ pair from the Higgs boson decay and a pair of photons from the Y particle decay. This search is the first targeting this final state combination. The analysis probes the mass range 240-1000 GeV for the resonance X and 70-800 GeV for the particle Y, and uses proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 132 fb$ ^{-1} $. In general, the data are found to be compatible with the background-only expectation. As a result, upper limits on the product of the production cross section of X and the branching fraction to the $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\gamma\gamma $ final state are derived at 95% confidence level as functions of the masses of the X and the Y particles. The observed (expected) upper limits are found to be between 0.05-2.69 (0.08-1.94) fb, depending on the assumed specific signal masses. A local (global) significance of 3.33 (0.65) standard deviations is observed for the most significant deviation from the background-only hypothesis, corresponding to $ m_\mathrm{X}= $ 300 GeV and $ m_{\mathrm{Y}} = $ 77 GeV. |
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