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| CMS-PAS-EXO-23-017 | ||
| Search for new physics with compressed mass spectra in final states with soft leptons and missing transverse energy in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 29 April 2025 | ||
| Abstract: A search for supersymmetric scenarios leading to compressed mass spectra is presented, using events with at least two low-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ electrons or muons and missing transverse energy, in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV. This analysis is based on data collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and corresponds to a total integrated luminosity of up to 139 fb$ ^{-1} $. The analysis expands similar past searches through novel reconstruction techniques, enabling the use of electrons with $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ as low as 1 GeV. The results are interpreted in terms of electroweakino pair production with a small mass difference between the produced supersymmetric particles ($ \widetilde{\chi}^0_2 $, $ \widetilde{\chi}^\pm_1 $) and the lightest neutralino ($ \widetilde{\chi}^0_1 $). Two simplified models are considered: a wino-bino model and a higgsino model. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are set on $ \widetilde{\chi}^0_2 $ masses up to 250 (120) GeV at a mass difference of 3 (1) GeV in the wino-bino model, and up to 170 (100) GeV at a mass difference of 3 (1) GeV in the higgsino model. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Production and decay of electroweakinos in the wino-bino (left) and higgsino (left and right) simplified models. |
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Figure 1-a:
Production and decay of electroweakinos in the wino-bino (left) and higgsino (left and right) simplified models. |
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Figure 1-b:
Production and decay of electroweakinos in the wino-bino (left) and higgsino (left and right) simplified models. |
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Figure 2:
The $ m(\ell\ell) $ templates of the low-$ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ 3\ell WZ-enriched region (left) and dielectron CR SS (right). Both distributions include postfit constraints on the background normalization and uncertainties, which include both systematic and statistical components. |
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Figure 2-a:
The $ m(\ell\ell) $ templates of the low-$ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ 3\ell WZ-enriched region (left) and dielectron CR SS (right). Both distributions include postfit constraints on the background normalization and uncertainties, which include both systematic and statistical components. |
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Figure 2-b:
The $ m(\ell\ell) $ templates of the low-$ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ 3\ell WZ-enriched region (left) and dielectron CR SS (right). Both distributions include postfit constraints on the background normalization and uncertainties, which include both systematic and statistical components. |
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Figure 3:
Postfit $ m(\ell\ell) $ distributions of the dimuon SR, shown for the low- (upper left), medium- (upper right), high- (lower left), and ultrahigh- (lower right) $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ regions. The binnings correspond to the $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 and $ \Delta m= $ 40 GeV hypotheses. Prefit signal distributions from the TCHIWZ model are overlaid. |
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Figure 3-a:
Postfit $ m(\ell\ell) $ distributions of the dimuon SR, shown for the low- (upper left), medium- (upper right), high- (lower left), and ultrahigh- (lower right) $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ regions. The binnings correspond to the $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 and $ \Delta m= $ 40 GeV hypotheses. Prefit signal distributions from the TCHIWZ model are overlaid. |
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Figure 3-b:
Postfit $ m(\ell\ell) $ distributions of the dimuon SR, shown for the low- (upper left), medium- (upper right), high- (lower left), and ultrahigh- (lower right) $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ regions. The binnings correspond to the $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 and $ \Delta m= $ 40 GeV hypotheses. Prefit signal distributions from the TCHIWZ model are overlaid. |
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Figure 3-c:
Postfit $ m(\ell\ell) $ distributions of the dimuon SR, shown for the low- (upper left), medium- (upper right), high- (lower left), and ultrahigh- (lower right) $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ regions. The binnings correspond to the $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 and $ \Delta m= $ 40 GeV hypotheses. Prefit signal distributions from the TCHIWZ model are overlaid. |
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Figure 3-d:
Postfit $ m(\ell\ell) $ distributions of the dimuon SR, shown for the low- (upper left), medium- (upper right), high- (lower left), and ultrahigh- (lower right) $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ regions. The binnings correspond to the $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 and $ \Delta m= $ 40 GeV hypotheses. Prefit signal distributions from the TCHIWZ model are overlaid. |
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Figure 4:
Postfit $ m(\ell\ell) $ distributions of the dielectron SR, shown for the medium- (upper left), high- (upper right), and ultrahigh- (lower) $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ regions. The binnings correspond to the $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 and $ \Delta m= $ 1 GeV hypotheses. Prefit signal distributions from the TCHIWZ model are overlaid. |
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Figure 4-a:
Postfit $ m(\ell\ell) $ distributions of the dielectron SR, shown for the medium- (upper left), high- (upper right), and ultrahigh- (lower) $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ regions. The binnings correspond to the $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 and $ \Delta m= $ 1 GeV hypotheses. Prefit signal distributions from the TCHIWZ model are overlaid. |
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Figure 4-b:
Postfit $ m(\ell\ell) $ distributions of the dielectron SR, shown for the medium- (upper left), high- (upper right), and ultrahigh- (lower) $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ regions. The binnings correspond to the $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 and $ \Delta m= $ 1 GeV hypotheses. Prefit signal distributions from the TCHIWZ model are overlaid. |
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Figure 4-c:
Postfit $ m(\ell\ell) $ distributions of the dielectron SR, shown for the medium- (upper left), high- (upper right), and ultrahigh- (lower) $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ regions. The binnings correspond to the $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 and $ \Delta m= $ 1 GeV hypotheses. Prefit signal distributions from the TCHIWZ model are overlaid. |
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Figure 5:
Postfit $ m(\ell\ell) $ distributions of the trilepton SR, shown for the low- (left) and high- (right) $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ regions. The binnings correspond to the $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 and $ \Delta m= $ 40 GeV hypotheses. Prefit signal distributions from the TCHIWZ model are overlaid. |
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Figure 5-a:
Postfit $ m(\ell\ell) $ distributions of the trilepton SR, shown for the low- (left) and high- (right) $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ regions. The binnings correspond to the $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 and $ \Delta m= $ 40 GeV hypotheses. Prefit signal distributions from the TCHIWZ model are overlaid. |
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Figure 5-b:
Postfit $ m(\ell\ell) $ distributions of the trilepton SR, shown for the low- (left) and high- (right) $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ regions. The binnings correspond to the $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 and $ \Delta m= $ 40 GeV hypotheses. Prefit signal distributions from the TCHIWZ model are overlaid. |
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Figure 6:
Aposteriori expected and observed exclusion limits at 95% CL, assuming NLO+NNL cross sections. The limits correspond to the TCHIWZ simplified model with $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 (upper left) and $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) > $ 0 (upper right), and the HIGGSINO simplified model with $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 (bottom). |
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Figure 6-a:
Aposteriori expected and observed exclusion limits at 95% CL, assuming NLO+NNL cross sections. The limits correspond to the TCHIWZ simplified model with $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 (upper left) and $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) > $ 0 (upper right), and the HIGGSINO simplified model with $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 (bottom). |
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Figure 6-b:
Aposteriori expected and observed exclusion limits at 95% CL, assuming NLO+NNL cross sections. The limits correspond to the TCHIWZ simplified model with $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 (upper left) and $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) > $ 0 (upper right), and the HIGGSINO simplified model with $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 (bottom). |
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Figure 6-c:
Aposteriori expected and observed exclusion limits at 95% CL, assuming NLO+NNL cross sections. The limits correspond to the TCHIWZ simplified model with $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 (upper left) and $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) > $ 0 (upper right), and the HIGGSINO simplified model with $ \text{sgn}(m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}}) < $ 0 (bottom). |
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Figure 7:
Aposteriori expected and observed exclusion limits at 95% CL, based on the HIGGSINO simplified model and assuming NLO+NNL higgsino cross sections. The limits set by this search are shown in blue and zoomed to $ \Delta m(\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm},\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0}) < $ 5 GeV. The limits set by the latest CMS searches, which exploit the nonnegligible lifetime of the $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm} $ using disappearing tracks [6] and isolated soft tracks [8], are overlaid in green and yellow, respectively. The dotted red line shows the theoretical prediction for the pure higgsino scenario. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
List of all criteria that events must satisfy to be selected in one of the prompt SRs. The label ``Low-$ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $" refers to the low-$ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ bin of the analysis, while the label ``Higher-$ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $" refers collectively to the med-, high-, and ultra-$ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ bins of the analysis. |
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Table 2:
Summary of changes in the selection criteria with respect to the SRs for all the background control and validation regions. The CRs are included in the maximum likelihood fit. VRs are used to assess the background modeling and are not included in the fit. Regions labeled with ``2 $ \ell $'' or ``3 $ \ell $'' include all lepton flavors, while dilepton regions labeled with ``$ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e}/\mu\mu $'' are split into electron and muon channels. |
| Summary |
| The search for new physics described in this note is the first to consider the production of ultra low-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ light leptons. The results are based on proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV during 2016--2018, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of up to 139 fb$ ^{-1} $. The results are interpreted with two simplified models of supersymmetry (SUSY) for electroweakino pair production in compressed mass spectra scenarios. The higgsino model corresponds to a light, nearly mass-degenerate higgsino multiplet ($ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm} $, $ \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0} $, $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0} $) and is inspired by natural SUSY. This model considers $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm} \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0} $ and $ \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0} \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0} $ production with $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm} $ ($ \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0} $) decays to $ \mathrm{W}^{*} $ ($ \mathrm{Z}^{*} $) and the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0} $. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are set on next-to-LSP masses of up to 225 GeV for a mass-splitting $ \Delta m $($ \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0} $,$ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0} $) of 10 GeV. Crucially, this search extends the reach of Ref. [3] to $ m_{\tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}}= $ 100 GeV for a mass-splitting of 1 GeV through a dedicated low-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ electron reconstruction algorithm. Together with the latest CMS searches using disappearing tracks [6] and isolated soft tracks [8], this is the first time that LHC searches fully close the sensitivity gaps for the considered HIGGSINO simplified model in the compressed region, where the higgsino masses are now excluded up to 140 GeV, exceeding the limits set by the LEP experiments [58]. The wino-bino model considers wino-like $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm} \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0} $ production with decays to the bino-like LSP $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0} $, which serves as a weakly interacting massive DM candidate. In this model, excluded masses reach up to 310 (100) GeV for a mass-splitting of 10 (0.7) GeV. |
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