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| CMS-PAS-EXO-21-009 | ||
| Search for new physics in the $\tau$ plus missing transverse momentum final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| July 2022 | ||
| Abstract: A search for physics beyond the standard model (SM) in the final state with a hadronically decaying $\tau$ lepton and neutrino is presented. This analysis is based on data recorded by the CMS experiment from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the LHC, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. No significant deviation from the SM prediction is observed. Model independent limits are set on the production cross section of W' bosons decaying into $\tau$ lepton plus neutrino final states. Lower limits are set on the mass of the sequential SM-like heavy charged vector boson and the mass of a quantum black hole. Upper limits are placed on the couplings of the new resonance with the SM fermions. Limits are additionally set on non-universal gauge interaction models and an effective field theory model. Upper limits on the cross section of $t$-channel leptoquark exchange are presented and are translated into exclusion limits on the mass and coupling of leptoquarks; the sensitivity of this analysis reaches into the parameter space of leptoquark models that could explain the anomalies measured in B-meson decays. The limits presented are the most stringent to date. | ||
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Links:
CDS record (PDF) ;
CADI line (restricted) ;
These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, Submitted to JHEP. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Leading order Feynman diagram for the production and decay of a new heavy charged vector boson, W' boson decaying to $\tau \nu $. |
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Figure 2:
Branching fractions $B(\mathrm{W'})$ as a function of the mixing angle $\cot\theta _{\mathrm {E}}$, for W' boson decays in the NUGIM G(221) framework, as calculated in Refs. [7,8,9]. Total decay, $\Gamma _{\mathrm tot}$, widths can also be determined as a function of the mixing angle. When re-scaled to accommodate the WH decay channel, the values associated with $\cot\theta _{\mathrm {E}} = $ 1 correspond to those in the SSM. |
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Figure 3:
Leading-order Feynman diagram of the process ${\mathrm{p}} {}{\mathrm{p}} \to \tau \nu $ mediated via an LQ in the $t$-channel. |
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Figure 4:
The transverse mass distribution of $\tau$ leptons and missing transverse momentum observed in the Run-2 data (black dots with statistical uncertainty) as well as the expectation from SM processes (stacked histograms). The ratios of the background subtracted data yields to the expected background yields are presented in the lower panel. The combined statistical and systematic uncertainties in the background are represented by the grey shaded band in the ratio panel. |
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Figure 5:
Bayesian upper exclusion limits at 95% CL on the product of the cross section and branching fraction of a W' boson decaying to a $\tau$ lepton and neutrino in the SSM model. For this model, W' boson masses of up to 4.6 TeV can be excluded. The limit is given by the intersection of the observed (solid) limit and the theory cross section (dotted-blue) curve. The 68 and 95% quantiles of the limits are represented by the green and yellow bands, respectively. The $\sigma \mathcal {B}$ for an SSM W' boson, along with its associated uncertainty, calculated at NNLO precision in QCD is shown. |
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Figure 6:
Bayesian 95% CL model independent limit for a back-to-back $\tau$ lepton plus ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ topology. To calculate this limit, all events for signal, background, and data are summed starting from a minimum ${m_{\mathrm {T}}}$ threshold and then divided by the total number of events. No assumption on signal shape is included in this limit. The expected (dashed line) and observed (solid line) limits are shown as well as the 68% and 95% CL uncertainty bands (green and yellow, respectively). |
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Figure 7:
Bayesian upper exclusion limits on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for different coupling strengths for an SSM-like W' boson with respect to SM-like couplings. In the left plot, upper limits on the ratio $g_{\mathrm{W'}}/g_{\mathrm{W}}$ are shown. The unity coupling ratio (dotted blue curve) corresponds to the SSM common benchmark. In the right plot, the lower exclusion limits on the NUGIM G(221) mixing angle (right) cot($\theta _{E}$) are shown as a function of the W' boson mass. The theoretically excluded region is shaded in grey. The 68 and 95% quantiles of the limits are represented by the green and yellow bands, respectively for both plots. |
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Figure 7-a:
Bayesian upper exclusion limits on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for different coupling strengths for an SSM-like W' boson with respect to SM-like couplings. In the left plot, upper limits on the ratio $g_{\mathrm{W'}}/g_{\mathrm{W}}$ are shown. The unity coupling ratio (dotted blue curve) corresponds to the SSM common benchmark. In the right plot, the lower exclusion limits on the NUGIM G(221) mixing angle (right) cot($\theta _{E}$) are shown as a function of the W' boson mass. The theoretically excluded region is shaded in grey. The 68 and 95% quantiles of the limits are represented by the green and yellow bands, respectively for both plots. |
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Figure 7-b:
Bayesian upper exclusion limits on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for different coupling strengths for an SSM-like W' boson with respect to SM-like couplings. In the left plot, upper limits on the ratio $g_{\mathrm{W'}}/g_{\mathrm{W}}$ are shown. The unity coupling ratio (dotted blue curve) corresponds to the SSM common benchmark. In the right plot, the lower exclusion limits on the NUGIM G(221) mixing angle (right) cot($\theta _{E}$) are shown as a function of the W' boson mass. The theoretically excluded region is shaded in grey. The 68 and 95% quantiles of the limits are represented by the green and yellow bands, respectively for both plots. |
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Figure 8:
Bayesian upper exclusion limits at 95% CL on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction of a QBH in an associated $\tau$ lepton and neutrino final state. Masses of up to 6.6 TeV are excluded. The observed limit (solid line) is obtained from the intersection with the LO QBH cross section (dotted-blue curve). The 68 and 95% quantiles of the limits are represented by the green and yellow bands, respectively. |
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Figure 9:
Bayesian upper limits at 95% CL on the cross section of the process ${\mathrm{p}} {}{\mathrm{p}} \to \tau \nu $ mediated via LQ exchange in the $t$-channel. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The predicted LQ cross section at LO in the three coupling benchmark scenarios is depicted in different colors for $g_{\mathrm {U}}= $ 1. The first benchmark scenario considers only couplings to left-handed SM fermions (i.e. $\beta _{\text {R}}^{ij} = $ 0) and is referred to as ''best-fit LH''. The second benchmark, referred to as ''best-fit LH+RH'', considers $ |\beta _{\text {R}}^{\mathrm{b} \tau} | = $ 1 and all other $\beta _{\text {R}}^{ij} = $ 0. In the third ''democratic'' benchmark, equal couplings only to left-handed fermions are assumed, i.e. $ |\beta _{\rm {L}}^{ij} | = $ 1 and $\beta _{\rm {R}}^{ij} = $ 0 for all $i$ and $j$. |
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Figure 10:
Expected and observed lower limits of the LQ mass as a function of the coupling $g_{\mathrm {U}}$ in the LH (left), LH+RH (right), and democratic (lower) scenarios. The blue band shows the 68% and 95% regions of $g_{\mathrm {U}}$ preferred by the fit to the b-anomaly data [47]. |
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Figure 10-a:
Expected and observed lower limits of the LQ mass as a function of the coupling $g_{\mathrm {U}}$ in the LH (left), LH+RH (right), and democratic (lower) scenarios. The blue band shows the 68% and 95% regions of $g_{\mathrm {U}}$ preferred by the fit to the b-anomaly data [47]. |
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Figure 10-b:
Expected and observed lower limits of the LQ mass as a function of the coupling $g_{\mathrm {U}}$ in the LH (left), LH+RH (right), and democratic (lower) scenarios. The blue band shows the 68% and 95% regions of $g_{\mathrm {U}}$ preferred by the fit to the b-anomaly data [47]. |
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Figure 10-c:
Expected and observed lower limits of the LQ mass as a function of the coupling $g_{\mathrm {U}}$ in the LH (left), LH+RH (right), and democratic (lower) scenarios. The blue band shows the 68% and 95% regions of $g_{\mathrm {U}}$ preferred by the fit to the b-anomaly data [47]. |
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Figure 11:
Bayesian upper exclusion limits at 95% CL on the product of cross section and branching fraction of W' boson decays that have been modified by the Wilson coefficients described in Section 3. These limits are interpreted as exclusion limits on the signal strength of each of the Wilson coefficients described by the EFT model based on the combined Run-2 data collected by CMS. The three Wilson coefficients represent a left-handed vector coupling ($\epsilon ^{cb}_{L}$), tensor-like coupling ($\epsilon ^{cb}_{T}$), and scalar-tensor-like coupling ($\epsilon ^{cb}_{S_{L}}$). The 68 and 95% quantiles of the limits are represented by the green and yellow bands, respectively. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of exclusion limits (expected and observed) calculated at 95% for full Run-2 CMS data for the physics models studied in this analysis: sequential standard model (SSM), nonuniversal gauge interaction model (NUGIM), an effectiv field interpretation (EFT), $t$-channel leptoquark (LQ) and quantum black hole (QBH) interpretation. |
| Summary |
|
A search for new resonant phenomena in the transverse mass, $m_{\mathrm{T}}$, distribution of the hadronically decaying $\tau$ lepton and missing transverse momentum, ${p_{\mathrm{T}}}^{\text{miss}}$, final state has been performed. The analysis uses Run-2 (2016-2018) data collected by the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions with $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The newly developed DeepTau ID is used to identify $\tau$ lepton candidates and separate signal from background. Background from jets being misidentified as hadronically decaying $\tau$ lepton candidates is derived from data. No significant deviation from the standard model expectations is observed. Upper limits are set on the product of the production cross section and branching ratio $\sigma\mathcal{B}$ of a new resonance gauge (W') boson decaying to a $\tau$ lepton and ${p_{\mathrm{T}}}^{\text{miss}}$ at 95% confidence level (CL). These limits are translated into lower exclusion limits on the sequential standard model W' boson mass and the mass of a quantum black hole. Upper limits are also set the $\sigma\mathcal{B}$ and translated into upper exclusion limits on the ratio of the couplings to the W' boson to that of the coupling to the standard model W boson, $g_{\mathrm{W'}}/g_{W}$, in the case of the generalised coupling model, the signal strength in the case of the Wilson coefficients in the EFT model, and the mixing angle $\cot(\theta_{E})$ for the nonuniversal gauge interaction model. The process of $t$-channel leptoquark exchange is targeted explicitly in this analysis. Upper limits are placed on the cross section of the ${\mathrm{p}}{}{\mathrm{p}}\to\tau\nu$ process mediated by $t$-channel LQ exchange for the first time. Three benchmark coupling scenarios are tested, which correspond to the best-fits to the flavor anomaly data and a generic democratic flavor structure. Significant portions of the LQ parameter space are excluded by placing lower limits on the LQ mass as a function of the LQ coupling $g_{\text{U}}$, including parts of the region preferred (at the 95% CL) by a vector LQ explanation of the anomalies. |
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