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| CMS-PAS-B2G-20-012 | ||
| Search for W' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark in leptonic final states at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 24 March 2023 | ||
| Abstract: A search for W' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark in final states including electrons or muons is performed with the CMS detector at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. In general, good agreement with the Standard Model expectation is observed. The largest observed excess is found for a W' boson mass hypothesis of 3.8 TeV with a relative decay width of 1%, with a local (global) significance of 2.6 $ (2.0) $ standard deviations. Upper limits on the production cross sections of W' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark are set. Left- and right-handed W' bosons with masses below 3.9 and 4.3 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level in the approximation that the new particle has negligible decay width. Limits are also set considering decay widths of up to 30% of the W' boson mass. These are the most stringent limits to date on W' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark. | ||
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Links:
CDS record (PDF) ;
Physics Briefing ;
CADI line (restricted) ;
These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, Accepted by JHEP. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Representative leading-order Feynman diagram for a W' boson produced in the $ s $-channel and decaying to a top and a bottom quark, with the former further decaying through a leptonic decay chain. |
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Figure 2:
Representative parton-level distributions of the invariant mass of the top-bottom quark pair for left-handed (left), right-handed (right) W' boson, with relative width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}/\mathrm{m_\mathrm{W^{'}}} $ of 1, 10, 20, and 30% of the particle mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ for a W' mass hypothesis of $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} = $ 3.6 TeV. |
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Figure 2-a:
Representative parton-level distributions of the invariant mass of the top-bottom quark pair for left-handed (left), right-handed (right) W' boson, with relative width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}/\mathrm{m_\mathrm{W^{'}}} $ of 1, 10, 20, and 30% of the particle mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ for a W' mass hypothesis of $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} = $ 3.6 TeV. |
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Figure 2-b:
Representative parton-level distributions of the invariant mass of the top-bottom quark pair for left-handed (left), right-handed (right) W' boson, with relative width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}/\mathrm{m_\mathrm{W^{'}}} $ of 1, 10, 20, and 30% of the particle mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ for a W' mass hypothesis of $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} = $ 3.6 TeV. |
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Figure 3:
A visual representation of the subregions and their usage in the background extraction procedure. The $ x $-axis reports the requirements applied on the top quark mass ($ \mathrm{m_{top}} $) in order to define the subregions while the $ y $-axis represents the soft drop mass of the AK8 jet associated to the AK4 jet used to reconstruct the W' boson ($ m_{\mathrm{SD,AK8}} $). |
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Figure 4:
Postfit distributions of $ \mathrm{m_{l\nu jj}} $ in the $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R0}_A} $ control subregion for muons (left) or electrons (right). |
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Figure 4-a:
Postfit distributions of $ \mathrm{m_{l\nu jj}} $ in the $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R0}_A} $ control subregion for muons (left) or electrons (right). |
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Figure 4-b:
Postfit distributions of $ \mathrm{m_{l\nu jj}} $ in the $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R0}_A} $ control subregion for muons (left) or electrons (right). |
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Figure 5:
Postfit distributions of $ \mathrm{m_{l\nu jj}} $ in the $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R2B}_A} $ (top), $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R\mathrm{W^{'}}}_A} $ (middle), and $ \mathrm{\mathrm{RT}_A} $ (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
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Figure 5-a:
Postfit distributions of $ \mathrm{m_{l\nu jj}} $ in the $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R2B}_A} $ (top), $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R\mathrm{W^{'}}}_A} $ (middle), and $ \mathrm{\mathrm{RT}_A} $ (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
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Figure 5-b:
Postfit distributions of $ \mathrm{m_{l\nu jj}} $ in the $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R2B}_A} $ (top), $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R\mathrm{W^{'}}}_A} $ (middle), and $ \mathrm{\mathrm{RT}_A} $ (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
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Figure 5-c:
Postfit distributions of $ \mathrm{m_{l\nu jj}} $ in the $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R2B}_A} $ (top), $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R\mathrm{W^{'}}}_A} $ (middle), and $ \mathrm{\mathrm{RT}_A} $ (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
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Figure 5-d:
Postfit distributions of $ \mathrm{m_{l\nu jj}} $ in the $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R2B}_A} $ (top), $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R\mathrm{W^{'}}}_A} $ (middle), and $ \mathrm{\mathrm{RT}_A} $ (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
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Figure 5-e:
Postfit distributions of $ \mathrm{m_{l\nu jj}} $ in the $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R2B}_A} $ (top), $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R\mathrm{W^{'}}}_A} $ (middle), and $ \mathrm{\mathrm{RT}_A} $ (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
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Figure 5-f:
Postfit distributions of $ \mathrm{m_{l\nu jj}} $ in the $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R2B}_A} $ (top), $ \mathrm{\mathrm{R\mathrm{W^{'}}}_A} $ (middle), and $ \mathrm{\mathrm{RT}_A} $ (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
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Figure 6:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-b:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
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Figure 6-c:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
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Figure 6-d:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
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Figure 7:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a left-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
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Figure 7-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a left-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
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Figure 7-b:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a left-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-c:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a left-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-d:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a left-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
png pdf |
Figure 8:
Observed 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a right-handed (on the left) and left-handed (on the right) W' boson in the tb final state, as functions of the W' boson mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ and width relative width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}/\mathrm{m_\mathrm{W^{'}}} $. Numbers in red represent values of the excluded cross sections lower than the theoretical ones for the analyzed model. |
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Figure 8-a:
Observed 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a right-handed (on the left) and left-handed (on the right) W' boson in the tb final state, as functions of the W' boson mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ and width relative width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}/\mathrm{m_\mathrm{W^{'}}} $. Numbers in red represent values of the excluded cross sections lower than the theoretical ones for the analyzed model. |
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Figure 8-b:
Observed 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a right-handed (on the left) and left-handed (on the right) W' boson in the tb final state, as functions of the W' boson mass $ \mathrm{m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ and width relative width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}/\mathrm{m_\mathrm{W^{'}}} $. Numbers in red represent values of the excluded cross sections lower than the theoretical ones for the analyzed model. |
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Figure 9:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
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Figure 9-a:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
png pdf |
Figure 9-b:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
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Figure 9-c:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
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Figure 9-d:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
png pdf |
Figure 9-e:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
png pdf |
Figure 9-f:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
png pdf |
Figure 10:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
png pdf |
Figure 10-a:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
png pdf |
Figure 10-b:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
png pdf |
Figure 10-c:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
png pdf |
Figure 10-d:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
png pdf |
Figure 10-e:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
png pdf |
Figure 10-f:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
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Figure 11:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL lower limit on the W' boson mass for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks. |
png pdf |
Figure 11-a:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL lower limit on the W' boson mass for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks. |
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Figure 11-b:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL lower limit on the W' boson mass for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks. |
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Figure A1:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}} $ for a width of 10% (upper left), 20% (upper right), and 30% (lower) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid curves show the theoretical expectation at LO in the case that the couplings, and thus the partial widths, are varied together with the total width. In this interpretation the branching fraction of W' to top quarks is the same for each value of the width of the W' boson. |
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Figure A1-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}} $ for a width of 10% (upper left), 20% (upper right), and 30% (lower) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid curves show the theoretical expectation at LO in the case that the couplings, and thus the partial widths, are varied together with the total width. In this interpretation the branching fraction of W' to top quarks is the same for each value of the width of the W' boson. |
png pdf |
Figure A1-b:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}} $ for a width of 10% (upper left), 20% (upper right), and 30% (lower) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid curves show the theoretical expectation at LO in the case that the couplings, and thus the partial widths, are varied together with the total width. In this interpretation the branching fraction of W' to top quarks is the same for each value of the width of the W' boson. |
png pdf |
Figure A1-c:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' $\to$ tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass $ m_{\mathrm{W^{'}}} $ for a width of 10% (upper left), 20% (upper right), and 30% (lower) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid curves show the theoretical expectation at LO in the case that the couplings, and thus the partial widths, are varied together with the total width. In this interpretation the branching fraction of W' to top quarks is the same for each value of the width of the W' boson. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
The regions defined in the analysis as a function of the number of b-tagged jets and of the the $ \mathrm{jet_{top}} $ and $ \mathrm{jet_{\mathrm{W^{'}}}} $ assignment. |
| Summary |
| A search is presented for W' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark in leptonic final states, making use of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $ of proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. In general, good agreement between data and SM expectation is observed. The largest observed excess is found for a W' boson mass hypothesis of 3.8 TeV with a relative width of 1%, with a local (global) significance of 2.6 (2.0) standard deviations. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction of W' $\to$ tb. Multiple hypotheses are considered for the new particle mass, width, and chirality. For a 1% relative width hypothesis, purely right-handed W' bosons are excluded with masses lower than 4.3 TeV. Production cross sections greater than 60 to 3 fb are excluded for masses between 2.0 and 6.0 TeV. Purely left-handed W' bosons with 1% relative decay width are excluded with masses lower than 3.9 TeV. For a relative width hypothesis of 10%, purely right-handed W' boson mass exclusion limits range up to 2.7 TeV. Production cross sections greater than 85 to 4 fb are excluded for masses between 2.0 and 6.0 TeV for all values of the relative width considered. Purely left-handed W' are excluded with masses lower than 2.5 TeV for a relative width of 10% of the W' mass. These results constitute the most stringent constraints to date on the production of a W' decaying to top and bottom quarks. |
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