CMS-PAS-B2G-20-012 | ||
Search for W' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark in leptonic final states at √s= 13 TeV | ||
CMS Collaboration | ||
24 March 2023 | ||
Abstract: A search for W' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark in final states including electrons or muons is performed with the CMS detector at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. In general, good agreement with the Standard Model expectation is observed. The largest observed excess is found for a W' boson mass hypothesis of 3.8 TeV with a relative decay width of 1%, with a local (global) significance of 2.6 (2.0) standard deviations. Upper limits on the production cross sections of W' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark are set. Left- and right-handed W' bosons with masses below 3.9 and 4.3 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level in the approximation that the new particle has negligible decay width. Limits are also set considering decay widths of up to 30% of the W' boson mass. These are the most stringent limits to date on W' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark. | ||
Links:
CDS record (PDF) ;
Physics Briefing ;
CADI line (restricted) ;
These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, Accepted by JHEP. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
Figures | |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 1:
Representative leading-order Feynman diagram for a W' boson produced in the s-channel and decaying to a top and a bottom quark, with the former further decaying through a leptonic decay chain. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 2:
Representative parton-level distributions of the invariant mass of the top-bottom quark pair for left-handed (left), right-handed (right) W' boson, with relative width ΓW′/mW′ of 1, 10, 20, and 30% of the particle mass mW′ for a W' mass hypothesis of mW′= 3.6 TeV. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 2-a:
Representative parton-level distributions of the invariant mass of the top-bottom quark pair for left-handed (left), right-handed (right) W' boson, with relative width ΓW′/mW′ of 1, 10, 20, and 30% of the particle mass mW′ for a W' mass hypothesis of mW′= 3.6 TeV. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 2-b:
Representative parton-level distributions of the invariant mass of the top-bottom quark pair for left-handed (left), right-handed (right) W' boson, with relative width ΓW′/mW′ of 1, 10, 20, and 30% of the particle mass mW′ for a W' mass hypothesis of mW′= 3.6 TeV. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 3:
A visual representation of the subregions and their usage in the background extraction procedure. The x-axis reports the requirements applied on the top quark mass (mtop) in order to define the subregions while the y-axis represents the soft drop mass of the AK8 jet associated to the AK4 jet used to reconstruct the W' boson (mSD,AK8). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 4:
Postfit distributions of mlνjj in the R0A control subregion for muons (left) or electrons (right). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 4-a:
Postfit distributions of mlνjj in the R0A control subregion for muons (left) or electrons (right). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 4-b:
Postfit distributions of mlνjj in the R0A control subregion for muons (left) or electrons (right). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 5:
Postfit distributions of mlνjj in the R2BA (top), RW′A (middle), and RTA (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
Postfit distributions of mlνjj in the R2BA (top), RW′A (middle), and RTA (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
Postfit distributions of mlνjj in the R2BA (top), RW′A (middle), and RTA (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 5-c:
Postfit distributions of mlνjj in the R2BA (top), RW′A (middle), and RTA (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 5-d:
Postfit distributions of mlνjj in the R2BA (top), RW′A (middle), and RTA (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 5-e:
Postfit distributions of mlνjj in the R2BA (top), RW′A (middle), and RTA (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 5-f:
Postfit distributions of mlνjj in the R2BA (top), RW′A (middle), and RTA (bottom) subregions for muons (left column) or electrons (right column). All processes yields and nuisance parameters are set to the values obtained from the background plus signal fit. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 6:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 6-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 6-b:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 6-c:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 6-d:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 7:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a left-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 7-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a left-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 7-b:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a left-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 7-c:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a left-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 7-d:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a left-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 1% (upper left), 10% (upper right), 20% (lower left), and 30% (lower right) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid red curves show the theoretical expectation at LO. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 8:
Observed 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a right-handed (on the left) and left-handed (on the right) W' boson in the tb final state, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ and width relative width ΓW′/mW′. Numbers in red represent values of the excluded cross sections lower than the theoretical ones for the analyzed model. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 8-a:
Observed 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a right-handed (on the left) and left-handed (on the right) W' boson in the tb final state, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ and width relative width ΓW′/mW′. Numbers in red represent values of the excluded cross sections lower than the theoretical ones for the analyzed model. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 8-b:
Observed 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a right-handed (on the left) and left-handed (on the right) W' boson in the tb final state, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ and width relative width ΓW′/mW′. Numbers in red represent values of the excluded cross sections lower than the theoretical ones for the analyzed model. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 9:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 9-a:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 9-b:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 9-c:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 9-d:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 9-e:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 9-f:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 2000 GeV (top), 2800 GeV (middle), and of 3600 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 10:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 10-a:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 10-b:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 10-c:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 10-d:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 10-e:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 10-f:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limit on the production cross section for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks for a mass of the W' boson of 4400 GeV (top), 5200 GeV (middle), and of 6000 GeV (bottom). |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 11:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL lower limit on the W' boson mass for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 11-a:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL lower limit on the W' boson mass for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure 11-b:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL lower limit on the W' boson mass for a generalized left-right coupling of W' boson to tb quarks. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure A1:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 10% (upper left), 20% (upper right), and 30% (lower) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid curves show the theoretical expectation at LO in the case that the couplings, and thus the partial widths, are varied together with the total width. In this interpretation the branching fraction of W' to top quarks is the same for each value of the width of the W' boson. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure A1-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 10% (upper left), 20% (upper right), and 30% (lower) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid curves show the theoretical expectation at LO in the case that the couplings, and thus the partial widths, are varied together with the total width. In this interpretation the branching fraction of W' to top quarks is the same for each value of the width of the W' boson. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure A1-b:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 10% (upper left), 20% (upper right), and 30% (lower) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid curves show the theoretical expectation at LO in the case that the couplings, and thus the partial widths, are varied together with the total width. In this interpretation the branching fraction of W' to top quarks is the same for each value of the width of the W' boson. |
![]() png pdf |
Figure A1-c:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section for a right-handed W' boson and the W' → tb branching fraction, as functions of the W' boson mass mW′ for a width of 10% (upper left), 20% (upper right), and 30% (lower) of the W' boson mass. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid curves show the theoretical expectation at LO in the case that the couplings, and thus the partial widths, are varied together with the total width. In this interpretation the branching fraction of W' to top quarks is the same for each value of the width of the W' boson. |
Tables | |
![]() png pdf |
Table 1:
The regions defined in the analysis as a function of the number of b-tagged jets and of the the jettop and jetW′ assignment. |
Summary |
A search is presented for W' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark in leptonic final states, making use of 138 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. In general, good agreement between data and SM expectation is observed. The largest observed excess is found for a W' boson mass hypothesis of 3.8 TeV with a relative width of 1%, with a local (global) significance of 2.6 (2.0) standard deviations. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction of W' → tb. Multiple hypotheses are considered for the new particle mass, width, and chirality. For a 1% relative width hypothesis, purely right-handed W' bosons are excluded with masses lower than 4.3 TeV. Production cross sections greater than 60 to 3 fb are excluded for masses between 2.0 and 6.0 TeV. Purely left-handed W' bosons with 1% relative decay width are excluded with masses lower than 3.9 TeV. For a relative width hypothesis of 10%, purely right-handed W' boson mass exclusion limits range up to 2.7 TeV. Production cross sections greater than 85 to 4 fb are excluded for masses between 2.0 and 6.0 TeV for all values of the relative width considered. Purely left-handed W' are excluded with masses lower than 2.5 TeV for a relative width of 10% of the W' mass. These results constitute the most stringent constraints to date on the production of a W' decaying to top and bottom quarks. |
References | ||||
1 | R. N. Mohapatra and J. C. Pati | ``Natural" left-right symmetry | PRD 11 (1975) 2558 | |
2 | J. C. Pati, A. Salam, and J. A. Strathdee | A preon model with hidden electric and magnetic type charges | NPB 185 (1981) 416 | |
3 | R. N. Mohapatra | Unification and Supersymmetry: The Frontiers of Quark-Lepton Physics | Springer, Berlin, ISBN 978-1-4757-1930-7, 978-1-4757-1928-4, 1986 link |
|
4 | K. S. Babu, X.-G. He, and E. Ma | New supersymmetric left-right gauge model: Higgs-boson structure and neutral-current analysis | PRD 36 (1987) 878 | |
5 | F. Pisano and V. Pleitez | SU(3)\ensuremath\bigotimesU(1) model for electroweak interactions | (Jul, ) 410, 1992 PRD 46 (1992) 410 |
hep-ph/9206242 |
6 | J. M. Cabarcas, D. Gomez Dumm, and R. Martinez | Flavor changing neutral currents in 331 models | JPG 37 (2010) 045001 | 0910.5700 |
7 | A. J. Buras, F. De Fazio, J. Girrbach, and M. V. Carlucci | The anatomy of quark flavour observables in 331 models in the flavour precision era | JHEP 02 (2013) 023 | 1211.1237 |
8 | Burdman, Gustavo and Dobrescu, Bogdan A. and Pontón, Eduardo | Resonances from two universal extra dimensions | PRD 74 (2006) 075008 | hep-ph/0601186 |
9 | Z. Chacko, H.-S. Goh, and R. Harnik | A Twin Higgs model from left-right symmetry | JHEP 01 (2006) 108 | hep-ph/0512088 |
10 | H.-S. Goh and C. A. Krenke | Little Twin Higgs model | PRD 76 (2007) 115018 | 0707.3650 |
11 | A. Ahmed | Heavy Higgs of the Twin Higgs models | JHEP 02 (2018) 048 | 1711.03107 |
12 | M. Abdullah et al. | Probing a simplified W' model of r(D(∗)) anomalies using b tags, τ leptons, and missing energy | PRD 98 (2018) 055016 | 1805.01869 |
13 | Belle Collaboration | Measurement of the τ lepton polarization and R(D∗) in the decay ˉB→D∗τ−ˉντ | PRL 118 (2017) 211801 | 1612.00529 |
14 | BaBar Collaboration | Evidence for an excess of ˉB→D(∗)τ−ˉντ decays | PRL 109 (2012) 101802 | 1205.5442 |
15 | Muller, David J. and Nandi, Satyanarayan | Top flavor: A separate SU(2) for the third family | PLB 383 (1996) 345 | hep-ph/9602390 |
16 | R. Calabrese et al. | Top-flavor scheme in the context of W' searches at LHC | PRD 104 (2021) 055006 | 2104.06720 |
17 | CMS Collaboration | Search for W' bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark at √s= 13 TeV in the hadronic final state | PLB 820 (2021) 136535 | 2104.04831 |
18 | CMS Collaboration | Search for heavy resonances decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark in the lepton+jets final state in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV | PLB 777 (2018) 39 | 1708.08539 |
19 | CMS Collaboration | Search for a W' boson decaying to a τ lepton and a neutrino in proton-proton collisions at √s= 13 TeV | PLB 792 (2019) 107 | CMS-EXO-17-008 1807.11421 |
20 | ATLAS Collaboration | Search for vector-boson resonances decaying to a top quark and bottom quark in the lepton plus jets final state in pp collisions at √s= 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector | PLB 788 (2019) 347 | 1807.10473 |
21 | ATLAS Collaboration | Search for high-mass resonances decaying to τν in pp collisions at √s= 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector | PRL 120 (2018) 161802 | 1801.06992 |
22 | N. Vignaroli | New W' signals at the LHC | PRD 89 (2014) 095027 | 1404.5558 |
23 | D. Barducci and C. Delaunay | Bounding wide composite vector resonances at the LHC | JHEP 02 (2016) 055 | 1511.01101 |
24 | CMS Collaboration | The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC | JINST 3 (2008) S08004 | |
25 | CMS Collaboration | The CMS trigger system | JINST 12 (2017) P01020 | CMS-TRG-12-001 1609.02366 |
26 | J. Alwall et al. | The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations | JHEP 07 (2014) 079 | 1405.0301 |
27 | P. Nason | A new method for combining NLO QCD with shower Monte Carlo algorithms | JHEP 11 (2004) 040 | hep-ph/0409146 |
28 | S. Frixione, P. Nason, and C. Oleari | Matching NLO QCD computations with parton shower simulations: the POWHEG method | JHEP 11 (2007) 070 | 0709.2092 |
29 | S. Alioli, P. Nason, C. Oleari, and E. Re | A general framework for implementing NLO calculations in shower Monte Carlo programs: the POWHEG BOX | JHEP 06 (2010) 043 | 1002.2581 |
30 | S. Frixione, P. Nason, and G. Ridolfi | A positive-weight next-to-leading-order Monte Carlo for heavy flavour hadroproduction | JHEP 09 (2007) 126 | 0707.3088 |
31 | R. Frederix, E. Re, and P. Torrielli | Single-top t-channel hadroproduction in the four-flavour scheme with POWHEG and aMC@NLO | JHEP 09 (2012) 130 | 1207.5391 |
32 | CMS Collaboration | Event generator tunes obtained from underlying event and multiparton scattering measurements | EPJC 76 (2016) 155 | CMS-GEN-14-001 1512.00815 |
33 | CMS Collaboration | Extraction and validation of a new set of CMS PYTHIA8 tunes from underlying-event measurements | EPJC 80 (2020) 4 | CMS-GEN-17-001 1903.12179 |
34 | CMS Collaboration | Investigations of the impact of the parton shower tuning in PYTHIA 8 in the modelling of t¯t at √s= 8 and 13 TeV | CMS Physics Analysis Summary, 2016 CMS-PAS-TOP-16-021 |
CMS-PAS-TOP-16-021 |
35 | M. Czakon and A. Mitov | Top++: a program for the calculation of the top-pair cross-section at hadron colliders | Comput. Phys. Commun. 185 (2014) 2930 | 1112.5675 |
36 | M. Aliev et al. | HATHOR -- HAdronic Top and Heavy quarks crOss section calculatoR | Comput. Phys. Commun. 182 (2011) 1034 | 1007.1327 |
37 | CMS Collaboration | Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at √s= 7 TeV | PLB 718 (2013) 1229 | CMS-EXO-12-001 1208.0956 |
38 | CMS Collaboration | Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector | JINST 12 (2017) P10003 | CMS-PRF-14-001 1706.04965 |
39 | M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam, and G. Soyez | The anti-kT jet clustering algorithm | JHEP 04 (2008) 063 | 0802.1189 |
40 | M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam, and G. Soyez | FastJet user manual | EPJC 72 (2012) 1896 | 1111.6097 |
41 | M. Cacciari and G. P. Salam | Pileup subtraction using jet areas | PLB 659 (2008) 119 | 0707.1378 |
42 | D. Bertolini, P. Harris, M. Low, and N. Tran | Pileup per particle identification | JHEP 10 (2014) 059 | 1407.6013 |
43 | CMS Collaboration | Jet energy scale and resolution in the CMS experiment in pp collisions at 8 TeV | JINST 12 (2017) P02014 | CMS-JME-13-004 1607.03663 |
44 | E. Bols et al. | Jet flavour classification using DeepJet | JINST 15 (2020) P12012 | 2008.10519 |
45 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of the single top quark and antiquark production cross sections in the t channel and their ratio in proton-proton collisions at √s= 13 TeV | PLB 800 (2019) 135042 | CMS-TOP-17-011 1812.10514 |
46 | Particle Data Group and Zyla, P. A. and others | Review of Particle Physics | Progress of theoretical and experimental physics 8 (2020) 083C01 | |
47 | A. J. Larkoski, S. Marzani, G. Soyez, and J. Thaler | Soft Drop | JHEP 05 (2014) 146 | 1402.2657 |
48 | CMS Collaboration | Precision luminosity measurement in proton-proton collisions at √s= 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016 at CMS | EPJC 81 (2021) 800 | CMS-LUM-17-003 2104.01927 |
49 | CMS Collaboration | CMS luminosity measurement for the 2017 data-taking period at √s= 13 TeV | CMS Physics Analysis Summary, 2018 CMS-PAS-LUM-17-004 |
CMS-PAS-LUM-17-004 |
50 | CMS Collaboration | CMS luminosity measurement for the 2018 data-taking period at √s= 13 TeV | CMS Physics Analysis Summary, 2019 CMS-PAS-LUM-18-002 |
CMS-PAS-LUM-18-002 |
51 | J. Butterworth et al. | PDF4LHC recommendations for LHC run II | JPG 43 (2016) 023001 | 1510.03865 |
52 | T. Junk | Confidence level computation for combining searches with small statistics | NIM A 434 (1999) 435 | hep-ex/9902006 |
53 | A. L. Read | Presentation of search results: the CLs technique | JPG 28 (2002) 2693 | |
54 | G. Cowan, K. Cranmer, E. Gross, and O. Vitells | Asymptotic formulae for likelihood-based tests of new physics | EPJC 71 (2011) 1554 | 1007.1727 |
55 | E. Boos, V. Bunichev, L. Dudko, and M. Perfilov | Interference between W′ and W in single-top quark production processes | PLB 655 (2007) 245 | hep-ph/0610080 |
![]() |
Compact Muon Solenoid LHC, CERN |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |