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| CMS-TOP-17-011 ; CERN-EP-2018-321 | ||
| Measurement of the single top quark and antiquark production cross sections in the $t$ channel and their ratio in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 27 December 2018 | ||
| Phys. Lett. B 800 (2019) 135042 | ||
| Abstract: Measurements of the cross sections for the production of single top quarks and antiquarks in the $t$ channel, and their ratio, are presented for proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data set used was recorded in 2016 by the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. Events with one muon or electron are selected, and different categories of jet and b jet multiplicity and multivariate discriminators are applied to separate the signal from the background. The cross sections for the $t$-channel production of single top quarks and antiquarks are measured to be 130 $\pm$ 1 (stat) $\pm$ 19 (syst) pb and 77 $\pm$ 1 (stat) $\pm$ 12 (syst) pb, respectively, and their ratio is 1.68 $\pm$ 0.02 (stat) $\pm$ 0.05 (syst). The results are in agreement with the predictions from the standard model. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:1812.10514 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Feynman diagrams at Born level for the electroweak production of a single top quark (left) and antiquark (right). The flavor of the light quark in the initial state--either up quark (u) or down quark (d)--defines whether a top quark or top antiquark is produced. |
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Figure 1-a:
Feynman diagrams at Born level for the electroweak production of a single top quark (left) and antiquark (right). The flavor of the light quark in the initial state--either up quark (u) or down quark (d)--defines whether a top quark or top antiquark is produced. |
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Figure 1-b:
Feynman diagrams at Born level for the electroweak production of a single top quark (left) and antiquark (right). The flavor of the light quark in the initial state--either up quark (u) or down quark (d)--defines whether a top quark or top antiquark is produced. |
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Figure 2:
Event yields for the relevant processes in all categories after applying the full event selection in the muon (left) and electron (right) channels. The yields are shown separately for positively ($+$) and negatively ($-$) charged muons (electrons). The uncertainties include statistical and all systematic uncertainties. The yields are obtained from simulation, except for the QCD multijet contribution, which is derived from data (see Section 5). |
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Figure 2-a:
Event yields for the relevant processes in all categories after applying the full event selection in the muon channel. The yields are shown separately for positively ($+$) and negatively ($-$) charged muons. The uncertainties include statistical and all systematic uncertainties. The yields are obtained from simulation, except for the QCD multijet contribution, which is derived from data (see Section 5). |
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Figure 2-b:
Event yields for the relevant processes in all categories after applying the full event selection in the electron channel. The yields are shown separately for positively ($+$) and negatively ($-$) charged electrons. The uncertainties include statistical and all systematic uncertainties. The yields are obtained from simulation, except for the QCD multijet contribution, which is derived from data (see Section 5). |
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Figure 3:
Outcome of the maximum likelihood fit to the ${{m_{\mathrm {T}}} ^ {\mathrm {W}}}$ distribution of events with muons (left) and to the ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ distribution for events with electrons (right) in the 2jets-1tag (upper row), 3jets-1tag (middle row), and the 2jets-0tags (lower row) categories. The QCD background template is extracted from the sideband region in data. For the fit, only statistical uncertainties are considered. |
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Figure 3-a:
Outcome of the maximum likelihood fit to the ${{m_{\mathrm {T}}} ^ {\mathrm {W}}}$ distribution of events with muons in the 2jets-1tag category. The QCD background template is extracted from the sideband region in data. For the fit, only statistical uncertainties are considered. |
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Figure 3-b:
Outcome of the maximum likelihood fit to the ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ distribution for events with electrons in the 2jets-1tag category. The QCD background template is extracted from the sideband region in data. For the fit, only statistical uncertainties are considered. |
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Figure 3-c:
Outcome of the maximum likelihood fit to the ${{m_{\mathrm {T}}} ^ {\mathrm {W}}}$ distribution of events with muons in the 3jets-1tag category. The QCD background template is extracted from the sideband region in data. For the fit, only statistical uncertainties are considered. |
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Figure 3-d:
Outcome of the maximum likelihood fit to the ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ distribution for events with electrons in the 3jets-1tag category. The QCD background template is extracted from the sideband region in data. For the fit, only statistical uncertainties are considered. |
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Figure 3-e:
Outcome of the maximum likelihood fit to the ${{m_{\mathrm {T}}} ^ {\mathrm {W}}}$ distribution of events with muons in the 2jets-0tags category. The QCD background template is extracted from the sideband region in data. For the fit, only statistical uncertainties are considered. |
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Figure 3-f:
Outcome of the maximum likelihood fit to the ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ distribution for events with electrons (right) in the 2jets-0tags category. The QCD background template is extracted from the sideband region in data. For the fit, only statistical uncertainties are considered. |
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Figure 4:
The three most discriminating input variables for the training of the BDTs in the muon channel (left) and in the electron channel (right): the absolute value of the pseudorapidity of the light-quark jet, the mass of the reconstructed top quark, the mass of the light-quark jet and the b-tagged jet associated to the top quark decay. The variables are ordered by their importance. The simulation is normalized to the total number of events in data. Also shown is the relative difference between the distributions in data and simulation in the lower panels. Here, the shaded areas correspond to the statistical uncertainties in the simulation (MC stat). |
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Figure 4-a:
The absolute value of the pseudorapidity of the light-quark jet in the muon channel. The simulation is normalized to the total number of events in data. Also shown is the relative difference between the distributions in data and simulation in the lower panels. Here, the shaded areas correspond to the statistical uncertainties in the simulation (MC stat). |
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Figure 4-b:
The absolute value of the pseudorapidity of the light-quark jet in the muon channel. The simulation is normalized to the total number of events in data. Also shown is the relative difference between the distributions in data and simulation in the lower panels. Here, the shaded areas correspond to the statistical uncertainties in the simulation (MC stat). |
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Figure 4-c:
The mass of the reconstructed top quark in the muon channel. The simulation is normalized to the total number of events in data. Also shown is the relative difference between the distributions in data and simulation in the lower panels. Here, the shaded areas correspond to the statistical uncertainties in the simulation (MC stat). |
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Figure 4-d:
The mass of the reconstructed top quark in the electron channel. The simulation is normalized to the total number of events in data. Also shown is the relative difference between the distributions in data and simulation in the lower panels. Here, the shaded areas correspond to the statistical uncertainties in the simulation (MC stat). |
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Figure 4-e:
The mass of the light-quark jet and the b-tagged jet associated to the top quark decay in the electron channel. The simulation is normalized to the total number of events in data. Also shown is the relative difference between the distributions in data and simulation in the lower panels. Here, the shaded areas correspond to the statistical uncertainties in the simulation (MC stat). |
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Figure 4-f:
The absolute value of the pseudorapidity of the light-quark jet in the electron channel. The simulation is normalized to the total number of events in data. Also shown is the relative difference between the distributions in data and simulation in the lower panels. Here, the shaded areas correspond to the statistical uncertainties in the simulation (MC stat). |
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Figure 5:
The fourth and fifth most discriminating input variables for the training of the BDTs in the muon channel (left) and in the electron channel (right): the $\Delta {R}$ between the momentum vectors of the lepton and the b-tagged jet associated with the top quark decay, the cosine of the angle between the lepton and the light-quark jet in the rest frame of the top quark. The simulation is normalized to the total number of events in data. Also shown is the relative difference between the distributions in data and simulation in the lower panels. Here, the shaded areas correspond to the statistical uncertainties in the simulation (MC stat). |
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Figure 5-a:
The $\Delta {R}$ between the momentum vectors of the lepton and the b-tagged jet associated with the top quark decay in the muon channel. The simulation is normalized to the total number of events in data. Also shown is the relative difference between the distributions in data and simulation in the lower panels. Here, the shaded areas correspond to the statistical uncertainties in the simulation (MC stat). |
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Figure 5-b:
The $\Delta {R}$ between the momentum vectors of the lepton and the b-tagged jet associated with the top quark decay in the electron channel. The simulation is normalized to the total number of events in data. Also shown is the relative difference between the distributions in data and simulation in the lower panels. Here, the shaded areas correspond to the statistical uncertainties in the simulation (MC stat). |
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Figure 5-c:
The cosine of the angle between the lepton and the light-quark jet in the rest frame of the top quark in the muon channel. The simulation is normalized to the total number of events in data. Also shown is the relative difference between the distributions in data and simulation in the lower panels. Here, the shaded areas correspond to the statistical uncertainties in the simulation (MC stat). |
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Figure 5-d:
The cosine of the angle between the lepton and the light-quark jet in the rest frame of the top quark in the electron channel. The simulation is normalized to the total number of events in data. Also shown is the relative difference between the distributions in data and simulation in the lower panels. Here, the shaded areas correspond to the statistical uncertainties in the simulation (MC stat). |
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Figure 6:
The BDT output distributions in the 2jets-1tag category (upper row), the 3jets-1tag category (middle row), and the 3jets-2tags category (lower row) for positively charged muons (left column) and electrons (right column). The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. In each figure, the pull is also shown. |
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Figure 6-a:
The BDT output distribution in the 2jets-1tag category for positively charged muons. The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. The pull is also shown. |
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Figure 6-b:
The BDT output distribution in the 2jets-1tag category for positively charged electrons. The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. The pull is also shown. |
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Figure 6-c:
The BDT output distribution in the 3jets-1tag category for positively charged muons. The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. The pull is also shown. |
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Figure 6-d:
The BDT output distribution in the 3jets-1tag category for positively charged electrons. The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. The pull is also shown. |
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Figure 6-e:
The BDT output distribution in the 3jets-2tags category for positively charged muons. The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. The pull is also shown. |
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Figure 6-f:
The BDT output distribution in the 3jets-2tags category for positively charged electrons. The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. The pull is also shown. |
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Figure 7:
BDT output distributions in the 2jets-1tag category (upper row), the 3jets-1tag category (middle row), and the 3jets-2tags category (lower row) for negatively charged muons (left column) and electrons (right column). The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. In each figure, the pull is also shown. |
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Figure 7-a:
BDT output distribution in the 2jets-1tag category for negatively charged muons. The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. The pull is also shown. |
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Figure 7-b:
BDT output distribution in the 2jets-1tag category for negatively charged electrons.The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. The pull is also shown. |
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Figure 7-c:
BDT output distribution in the 3jets-1tag category for negatively charged muons. The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. The pull is also shown. |
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Figure 7-d:
BDT output distribution in the 3jets-1tag category for negatively charged electrons.The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. The pull is also shown. |
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Figure 7-e:
BDT output distribution in the 3jets-2tags category for negatively charged muons. The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. The pull is also shown. |
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Figure 7-f:
BDT output distribution in the 3jets-2tags category for negatively charged electrons.The different processes are scaled to the corresponding fit results. The shaded areas correspond to the post-fit uncertainties. The pull is also shown. |
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Figure 8:
Comparison of the measured $ {R_{t\text {-ch}}} $ (central dashed line) with the NLO predictions from different PDF sets, provided by LHAPDF 6.2.1 [65]: NNPDF3.0 [39], NNPDF3.1 [66], CT14 [67], ABMP16 [68,69], MMHT2014 [70], HERAPDF2.0 [71]. The hathor 5FS calculation is used with the nominal values for the top quark pole mass and ${\alpha _S}$ set to the best values of each PDF set. The uncertainty bars for the different PDF sets include the uncertainty due to the factorization and renormalization scales, the uncertainty in the top quark pole mass, and the combined internal PDF+$ {\alpha _S}$ uncertainty. For the measurement, the statistical and total uncertainties are indicated individually by the inner and outer uncertainty bars. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Input variables for the BDTs. The variables $ {{m_{\mathrm {T}}} ^ {\mathrm {W}}} $ and lepton $ | \eta |$ are only used in the training of events with a muon, while $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $ is only considered as input for events with an electron. |
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Table 2:
Estimated relative impact of uncertainties in percent of the measured cross sections or cross section ratio. |
| Summary |
|
Events with one muon or electron and multiple jets in the final state are used to measure the cross sections for the $t$-channel production of single top quarks and antiquarks, and their ratio. The measured cross sections are 130 $\pm$ 1 (stat) $\pm$ 19 (syst) pb for the production of single top quarks, 77 $\pm$ 1 (stat) $\pm$ 12 (syst) pb for the production of single top antiquarks, and 207 $\pm$ 2 (stat) $\pm$ 31 (syst) pb for the total production. The latter result is used to calculate the absolute value of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $|{{f_{\mathrm{LV}}} {V_{\mathrm{tb}} }}| =$ 0.98 $\pm$ 0.07 (exp) $\pm$ 0.02 (theo), including an anomalous form factor ${f_{\mathrm{LV}}} $. The measured ratio of the cross sections of the two processes ${R_{t\text{-ch}}} = $ 1.68 $\pm$ 0.02 (stat) $\pm$ 0.05 (syst) is compared to recent predictions using different parton distribution functions (PDFs) to describe the inner structure of the proton. Good agreement with most PDF sets is found within the uncertainties of the measurement. The statistical uncertainty plays only a minor role for the achieved precision of the measurements, which are limited by the systematic uncertainties in the modeling of the signal process. Deeper understanding of these effects and improved procedures to estimate the uncertainty are therefore crucial to further decrease the systematic uncertainty. Because of the cancellation of systematic effects when measuring the ratio of cross sections ${R_{t\text{-ch}}} $, its precision, reported in this letter, is significantly improved with respect to the results of previous measurements. The value of ${R_{t\text{-ch}}}$ can be used to test the predictions from different PDF sets for their compatibility with the data. |
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