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| CMS-HIG-21-020 ; CERN-EP-2024-162 | ||
| Measurement of boosted Higgs bosons produced via vector boson fusion or gluon fusion in the $ \mathrm{H}\to\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ decay mode using LHC proton-proton collision data at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 10 July 2024 | ||
| Submitted to J. High Energy Phys. | ||
| Abstract: A measurement is performed of Higgs bosons produced with high transverse momentum ($ p_{\mathrm{T}} $) via vector boson or gluon fusion in proton-proton collisions. The result is based on a data set with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected in 2016-2018 with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The decay of a high-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ Higgs boson to a boosted bottom quark-antiquark pair is selected using large-radius jets and employing jet substructure and heavy-flavor taggers based on machine learning techniques. Independent regions targeting the vector boson and gluon fusion mechanisms are defined based on the topology of two quark-initiated jets with large pseudorapidity separation. The signal strengths for both processes are extracted simultaneously by performing a maximum likelihood fit to data in the large-radius jet mass distribution. The observed signal strengths relative to the standard model expectation are 4.9$ ^{+1.9}_{-1.6} $ and 1.6$ ^{+1.7}_{-1.5} $ for the vector boson and gluon fusion mechanisms, respectively. A differential cross section measurement is also reported in the simplified template cross section framework. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2407.08012 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures & Tables | Summary | Additional Figures | References | CMS Publications |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Lowest order Feynman diagrams of the Higgs boson production modes with highest cross section in 13 TeV proton-proton collisions, from left to right: gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and vector boson associated production. |
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Figure 2:
Soft drop mass distribution in simulated QCD events after applying the DDB selection at different working points. The distributions are obtained from simulated QCD events, smoothed using Gaussian kernel density estimation, and normalized to unit area. The lower panel shows the ratio to the inclusive distribution. |
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Figure 3:
Simulated relative contributions of the four leading H production processes to the total H signal yield in the VBF and ggF categories, shown in the DDB pass region. Small contributions from the VH and $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H} $ processes are also included. The total number of predicted H events in the 138 fb$ ^{-1} $ dataset are 27.3 and 176 in the VBF and ggF categories, respectively. |
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Figure 4:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in the VBF category, summed over all $ m_\text{jj} $ bins and data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB fail (left) and pass (right) regions are shown. The total background is broken down into contributions from different processes, and the total uncertainty is shown as a red band. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The near-perfect model agreement with data in the DDB fail region is by construction. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. |
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Figure 4-a:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in the VBF category, summed over all $ m_\text{jj} $ bins and data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB fail (left) and pass (right) regions are shown. The total background is broken down into contributions from different processes, and the total uncertainty is shown as a red band. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The near-perfect model agreement with data in the DDB fail region is by construction. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. |
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Figure 4-b:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in the VBF category, summed over all $ m_\text{jj} $ bins and data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB fail (left) and pass (right) regions are shown. The total background is broken down into contributions from different processes, and the total uncertainty is shown as a red band. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The near-perfect model agreement with data in the DDB fail region is by construction. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. |
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Figure 5:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in the ggF category, summed over all $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bins and data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB fail (left) and pass (right) regions are shown. The total background is broken down into contributions from different processes, and the total uncertainty is shown as a red band. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The near-perfect model agreement with data in the DDB fail region is by construction. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. The apparent discontinuity at high mass is due to the exclusion of bins with extreme values of $ \rho $. |
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Figure 5-a:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in the ggF category, summed over all $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bins and data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB fail (left) and pass (right) regions are shown. The total background is broken down into contributions from different processes, and the total uncertainty is shown as a red band. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The near-perfect model agreement with data in the DDB fail region is by construction. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. The apparent discontinuity at high mass is due to the exclusion of bins with extreme values of $ \rho $. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in the ggF category, summed over all $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bins and data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB fail (left) and pass (right) regions are shown. The total background is broken down into contributions from different processes, and the total uncertainty is shown as a red band. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The near-perfect model agreement with data in the DDB fail region is by construction. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. The apparent discontinuity at high mass is due to the exclusion of bins with extreme values of $ \rho $. |
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Figure 6:
Two-dimensional likelihood contour of the VBF and ggF signal strengths. The color scale represents twice the negative log likelihood difference with respect to the best fit point. The observed 95% (dashed) and 68% (solid) contours are shown in white, and the best fit point as a white cross. The SM expectation is marked by a red star. |
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Figure 7:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in each of the two $ m_\text{jj} $ bins in the VBF category, summed over all data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB pass region is shown. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. |
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Figure 7-a:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in each of the two $ m_\text{jj} $ bins in the VBF category, summed over all data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB pass region is shown. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 7-b:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in each of the two $ m_\text{jj} $ bins in the VBF category, summed over all data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB pass region is shown. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 8:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in each of the $ {p_{\mathrm{T}}} $ bins in the ggF category, summed over all data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB pass region is shown. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-a:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in each of the $ {p_{\mathrm{T}}} $ bins in the ggF category, summed over all data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB pass region is shown. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-b:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in each of the $ {p_{\mathrm{T}}} $ bins in the ggF category, summed over all data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB pass region is shown. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-c:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in each of the $ {p_{\mathrm{T}}} $ bins in the ggF category, summed over all data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB pass region is shown. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-d:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in each of the $ {p_{\mathrm{T}}} $ bins in the ggF category, summed over all data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB pass region is shown. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-e:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in each of the $ {p_{\mathrm{T}}} $ bins in the ggF category, summed over all data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB pass region is shown. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-f:
Post-fit soft drop mass distribution in each of the $ {p_{\mathrm{T}}} $ bins in the ggF category, summed over all data-taking periods for display purposes. The DDB pass region is shown. The lower panels show the difference between the data and background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty in data. The ggF and VBF distributions are overlaid in red and green, respectively. Each signal is scaled to its fitted event yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 9:
Upper: the VBF signal strength is shown in black, fitted per $ m_\text{jj} $ bin, with the ratio of the ggF and VBF cross sections fixed to the SM expectation. The horizontal black line represents the total uncertainty, and the orange bar represents the statistical-only component. The combined VBF signal strength and its uncertainty are shown in blue. The SM expectation is shown as a dashed line. Lower: the ggF signal strength is shown in black, fitted per $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bin, with the ratio of the ggF and VBF cross sections fixed to the SM expectation. The horizontal black line represents the total uncertainty, and the orange bar represents the statistical-only component. The combined ggF signal strength and its uncertainty are shown in blue. The SM expectation is shown as a dashed line. |
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Figure 10:
Unfolded cross section in five of the STXS stage 1.2 bins: three bins of Higgs boson $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ in ggF, and two bins of generator-level $ m_\text{jj} $ in VBF. The SM prediction from HJMINLO and POWHEG (plus higher order EW and NNLO QCD corrections) is overlaid for the ggF and VBF production mechanisms, respectively. The lower panel shows the ratio of the measured cross section to the SM prediction. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of corrections for the jet substructure selection (scale factor $ f_\text{sub} $), jet mass resolution (scale factor $ f_\sigma $), and jet mass scale (shift $ \delta_m $) for different data-taking periods. |
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Table 2:
Post-fit and observed data event yield in the single-muon control region for each data-taking period. |
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Table 3:
Fitted signal strength for $ \mathrm{H}\to\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ in the VBF and ggF channels for each data-taking period and for the full data set. |
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Table 4:
Summary of the best fit estimators for the cross sections and their uncertainties. The last column shows the total uncertainty followed by the statistical component in parentheses. |
| Summary |
| A measurement has been performed of boosted Higgs bosons (H) produced via vector boson fusion (VBF) or gluon fusion (ggF) and decaying to bottom quark-antiquark pairs. The analysis goes beyond the inclusive $ \mathrm{H}\to\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ measurements performed thus far to provide the first exploration of Higgs bosons produced with high transverse momentum ($ p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 450 GeV) in the VBF channel. The signal strengths for both processes are extracted simultaneously by performing a maximum likelihood fit to data in the large-radius jet mass distribution. The observed signal strengths for the VBF and ggF processes are 4.9$ ^{+1.9}_{-1.6} $ and 1.6$ ^{+1.7}_{-1.5} $, corresponding to a 2.7$ \sigma $ difference between data and the standard model expectation. The unfolded simplified template cross sections, which will provide an important input to future combined interpretations of H interactions, are also reported. |
| Additional Figures | |
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Additional Figure 1:
The unfolding matrix $ M_{ij} $, defined as the product of the acceptance and the efficiency as a percentage for an event in truth bin $ i $ to be found in reconstructed bin $ j $, shown for ggF events simulated with HJMINLO (top) and VBF events simulated with POWHEG reweighted to the NNLO $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ spectrum and with EW corrections applied (bottom). |
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Additional Figure 2:
Correlation coefficients between the truth bins of the differential cross section measurement. |
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