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| CMS-HIG-17-023 ; CERN-EP-2018-139 | ||
| Search for invisible decays of a Higgs boson produced through vector boson fusion in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 16 September 2018 | ||
| Phys. Lett. B 793 (2019) 520 | ||
| Abstract: A search for invisible decays of a Higgs boson is performed using proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The search targets the production of a Higgs boson via vector boson fusion. The data are found to be in agreement with the background contributions from standard model processes. An observed (expected) upper limit of 0.33 (0.25), at 95% confidence level, is placed on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson decay to invisible particles, assuming standard model production rates and a Higgs boson mass of 125.09 GeV. Results from a combination of this analysis and other direct searches for invisible decays of the Higgs boson, performed using data collected at $\sqrt{s}=$ 7, 8, and 13 TeV, are presented. An observed (expected) upper limit of 0.19 (0.15), at 95% confidence level, is set on the branching fraction of invisible decays of the Higgs boson. The combined limit represents the most stringent bound on the invisible branching fraction of the Higgs boson reported to date. This result is also interpreted in the context of Higgs-portal dark matter models, in which upper bounds are placed on the spin-independent dark-matter-nucleon scattering cross section. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:1809.05937 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Leading order Feynman diagrams for the main production processes targeted in the combination: VBF (left), VH (middle), and ggH (right). |
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Figure 1-a:
Leading order Feynman diagram for the VBF production process. |
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Figure 1-b:
Leading order Feynman diagram for the VH production process. |
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Figure 1-c:
Leading order Feynman diagram for the ggH production process. |
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Figure 2:
Representative leading order Feynman diagrams for the production of a Z boson in association with two partons arising from EW (left) and QCD (right) interactions. The left diagram contributes to the ${\mathrm {Z}} ({\nu} {\overline {\nu}})$+jets (EW) production cross section, while the diagram on the right to the ${\mathrm {Z}} ({\nu} {\overline {\nu}})$+jets (QCD) one. Diagrams for EW and QCD production of a W boson in association with two jets are similar to those reported above for the ${\mathrm {Z}} ({\nu} {\overline {\nu}})$+jets process. |
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Figure 2-a:
Representative leading order Feynman diagram for the production of a Z boson in association with two partons arising from EW interactions. The diagram contributes to the ${\mathrm {Z}} ({\nu} {\overline {\nu}})$+jets production cross section. Diagrams for the EW production of a W boson in association with two jets are similar. |
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Figure 2-b:
Representative leading order Feynman diagram for the production of a Z boson in association with two partons arising from QCD interactions. The diagram contributes to the ${\mathrm {Z}} ({\nu} {\overline {\nu}})$+jets production cross section. Diagrams for the QCD production of a W boson in association with two jets are similar. |
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Figure 3:
Comparison between the shapes of the ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ (left), $ {| {\Delta \eta _{\mathrm {jj}}} |}$ (middle) and $ {| {\Delta \phi _{\mathrm {jj}}} |}$ (right) distributions of signal events, produced by VBF (solid black) and ggH (dashed black) mechanisms, and V+jets backgrounds from both QCD (solid red) and EW (solid blue) production. Both signal and background distributions are scaled in order to have unit area. Distributions are obtained from simulated events passed through the CMS event reconstruction. |
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Figure 3-a:
Comparison between the shapes of the $ {| {\Delta \phi _{\mathrm {jj}}} |}$ distributions of signal events, produced by VBF (solid black) and ggH (dashed black) mechanisms, and V+jets backgrounds from both QCD (solid red) and EW (solid blue) production. Both signal and background distributions are scaled in order to have unit area. Distributions are obtained from simulated events passed through the CMS event reconstruction. |
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Figure 3-b:
Comparison between the shapes of the ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ (left), $ {| {\Delta \eta _{\mathrm {jj}}} |}$ (middle) and $ {| {\Delta \phi _{\mathrm {jj}}} |}$ (right) distributions of signal events, produced by VBF (solid black) and ggH (dashed black) mechanisms, and V+jets backgrounds from both QCD (solid red) and EW (solid blue) production. Both signal and background distributions are scaled in order to have unit area. Distributions are obtained from simulated events passed through the CMS event reconstruction. |
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Figure 3-c:
Comparison between the shapes of the ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ (left), $ {| {\Delta \eta _{\mathrm {jj}}} |}$ (middle) and $ {| {\Delta \phi _{\mathrm {jj}}} |}$ (right) distributions of signal events, produced by VBF (solid black) and ggH (dashed black) mechanisms, and V+jets backgrounds from both QCD (solid red) and EW (solid blue) production. Both signal and background distributions are scaled in order to have unit area. Distributions are obtained from simulated events passed through the CMS event reconstruction. |
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Figure 4:
The ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ distributions in the dimuon (top left), dielectron (top right), single-muon (bottom left), and single-electron (bottom right) CRs as computed in the shape analysis. Prediction from simulation (pre-fit estimate) is shown by the dashed red line. The solid blue line shows the V+jets expectation after fitting the data in all the CRs. The filled histograms indicate all processes other than V+jets (QCD). The last bin includes all events with ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}} > $ 3.5 TeV. Ratios of data and the pre-fit background (red points) and the post-fit background prediction (blue points) are shown. The gray band in the ratio panel indicates the total uncertainty after performing the fit. The lowest panel shows the difference between data and the post-fit background estimate relative to the post-fit background uncertainty. |
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Figure 4-a:
The ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ distribution in the dimuon CR as computed in the shape analysis. Prediction from simulation (pre-fit estimate) is shown by the dashed red line. The solid blue line shows the V+jets expectation after fitting the data in all the CRs. The filled histograms indicate all processes other than V+jets (QCD). The last bin includes all events with ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}} > $ 3.5 TeV. Ratios of data and the pre-fit background (red points) and the post-fit background prediction (blue points) are shown. The gray band in the ratio panel indicates the total uncertainty after performing the fit. The lowest panel shows the difference between data and the post-fit background estimate relative to the post-fit background uncertainty. |
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Figure 4-b:
The ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ distribution in the dielectron CR as computed in the shape analysis. Prediction from simulation (pre-fit estimate) is shown by the dashed red line. The solid blue line shows the V+jets expectation after fitting the data in all the CRs. The filled histograms indicate all processes other than V+jets (QCD). The last bin includes all events with ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}} > $ 3.5 TeV. Ratios of data and the pre-fit background (red points) and the post-fit background prediction (blue points) are shown. The gray band in the ratio panel indicates the total uncertainty after performing the fit. The lowest panel shows the difference between data and the post-fit background estimate relative to the post-fit background uncertainty. |
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Figure 4-c:
The ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ distribution in the single-muon CR as computed in the shape analysis. Prediction from simulation (pre-fit estimate) is shown by the dashed red line. The solid blue line shows the V+jets expectation after fitting the data in all the CRs. The filled histograms indicate all processes other than V+jets (QCD). The last bin includes all events with ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}} > $ 3.5 TeV. Ratios of data and the pre-fit background (red points) and the post-fit background prediction (blue points) are shown. The gray band in the ratio panel indicates the total uncertainty after performing the fit. The lowest panel shows the difference between data and the post-fit background estimate relative to the post-fit background uncertainty. |
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Figure 4-d:
The ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ distribution in the single-electron CR as computed in the shape analysis. Prediction from simulation (pre-fit estimate) is shown by the dashed red line. The solid blue line shows the V+jets expectation after fitting the data in all the CRs. The filled histograms indicate all processes other than V+jets (QCD). The last bin includes all events with ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}} > $ 3.5 TeV. Ratios of data and the pre-fit background (red points) and the post-fit background prediction (blue points) are shown. The gray band in the ratio panel indicates the total uncertainty after performing the fit. The lowest panel shows the difference between data and the post-fit background estimate relative to the post-fit background uncertainty. |
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Figure 5:
Comparison between data and simulation of the ${\mathrm {Z}} (\mu \mu)$+jets / ${\mathrm {W}} (\mu \nu)$+jets (left) and ${\mathrm {Z}} (\mathrm{ee})$+jets / ${\mathrm {W}} (\mathrm{e} \nu)$+jets (right) ratios as functions of ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$, computed in the shape analysis phase-space. In the bottom panels, ratios of data with the pre-fit background prediction are reported. The gray bands include both the theoretical and experimental systematic uncertainties listed in Table 2, as well as the statistical uncertainty in the simulation. |
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Figure 5-a:
Comparison between data and simulation of the ${\mathrm {Z}} (\mu \mu)$+jets / ${\mathrm {W}} (\mu \nu)$+jets ratios as functions of ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$, computed in the shape analysis phase-space. |
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Figure 5-b:
Comparison between data and simulation of the ${\mathrm {Z}} (\mathrm{ee})$+jets / ${\mathrm {W}} (\mathrm{e} \nu)$+jets ratios as functions of ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$, computed in the shape analysis phase-space. |
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Figure 6:
The observed ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ distribution of the shape analysis SR compared to the post-fit backgrounds from various SM processes. On the left, the predicted backgrounds are obtained from a combined fit to the data in all the CRs, but excluding the SR. On the right, the predicted backgrounds are obtained from a combined fit to the data in all the CRs, as well as in the SR, assuming the absence of any signal. Expected signal distributions for a 125 GeV Higgs boson produced through ggH and VBF modes, and decaying to invisible particles with a branching fraction $ {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}} = $ 1, are overlaid. The last bin includes all events with ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}} > $ 3.5 TeV. The description of the ratio panels is the same as in Fig. 4. |
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Figure 6-a:
The observed ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ distribution of the shape analysis SR compared to the post-fit backgrounds from various SM processes. The predicted backgrounds are obtained from a combined fit to the data in all the CRs, but excluding the SR. The expected signal distribution for a 125 GeV Higgs boson produced through ggH and VBF modes, and decaying to invisible particles with a branching fraction $ {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}} = $ 1, is overlaid. The last bin includes all events with ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}} > $ 3.5 TeV. The description of the ratio panel is the same as in Fig. 4. |
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Figure 6-b:
The observed ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ distribution of the shape analysis SR compared to the post-fit backgrounds from various SM processes. The predicted backgrounds are obtained from a combined fit to the data in all the CRs, as well as in the SR, assuming the absence of any signal. The expected signal distribution for a 125 GeV Higgs boson produced through ggH and VBF modes, and decaying to invisible particles with a branching fraction $ {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}} = $ 1, is overlaid. The last bin includes all events with ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}} > $ 3.5 TeV. The description of the ratio panel is the same as in Fig. 4. |
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Figure 7:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on ${{(\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {SM}}) \, {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}}}}$ for an SM-like Higgs boson as a function of its mass ($m_{{\mathrm {H}}}$). On the left, observed (solid black) and expected (dashed black) upper limits are obtained from the shape analysis while, on the right, results from the cut-and-count analysis are reported. The 68% (green) and 95% (yellow) CL intervals around the expected upper limits are also shown for both the shape and the cut-and-count analyses. |
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Figure 7-a:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on ${{(\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {SM}}) \, {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}}}}$ for an SM-like Higgs boson as a function of its mass ($m_{{\mathrm {H}}}$). On the left, observed (solid black) and expected (dashed black) upper limits are obtained from the shape analysis while, on the right, results from the cut-and-count analysis are reported. The 68% (green) and 95% (yellow) CL intervals around the expected upper limits are also shown for both the shape and the cut-and-count analyses. |
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Figure 7-b:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on ${{(\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {SM}}) \, {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}}}}$ for an SM-like Higgs boson as a function of its mass ($m_{{\mathrm {H}}}$). On the left, observed (solid black) and expected (dashed black) upper limits are obtained from the shape analysis while, on the right, results from the cut-and-count analysis are reported. The 68% (green) and 95% (yellow) CL intervals around the expected upper limits are also shown for both the shape and the cut-and-count analyses. |
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Figure 8:
On the left, observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on ${{(\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {SM}}) \, {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}}}}$ for both individual categories targeting VBF, ${{\mathrm {Z}} (\ell \ell) {\mathrm {H}}}$, $ {\mathrm {V}} ({\mathrm {q}} {\mathrm {q}}\textsf {'}) {\mathrm {H}}$, and ggH production mode, as well as their combination, assuming an SM Higgs boson with a mass of 125.09 GeV. On the right, profile likelihood ratios as a function of ${{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}}$. The solid curves represent the observations in data, while the dashed lines represent the expected result from a b-only fit. The observed and expected likelihood scans are reported for the full combination, as well as for the individual VBF, $ {\mathrm {Z}} (\ell \ell) {\mathrm {H}} $, $ {\mathrm {V}} ({\mathrm {q}} {\mathrm {q}}') {\mathrm {H}} $ and ggH-tagged analyses. |
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Figure 8-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on ${{(\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {SM}}) \, {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}}}}$ for both individual categories targeting VBF, ${{\mathrm {Z}} (\ell \ell) {\mathrm {H}}}$, $ {\mathrm {V}} ({\mathrm {q}} {\mathrm {q}}\textsf {'}) {\mathrm {H}}$, and ggH production mode, as well as their combination, assuming an SM Higgs boson with a mass of 125.09 GeV. |
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Figure 8-b:
Profile likelihood ratios as a function of ${{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}}$. The solid curves represent the observations in data, while the dashed lines represent the expected result from a b-only fit. The observed and expected likelihood scans are reported for the full combination, as well as for the individual VBF, $ {\mathrm {Z}} (\ell \ell) {\mathrm {H}} $, $ {\mathrm {V}} ({\mathrm {q}} {\mathrm {q}}') {\mathrm {H}} $ and ggH-tagged analyses. |
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Figure 9:
On the left, observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on ${{(\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {SM}}) \, {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}}}}$ for partial combinations based either on 7+8 or 13 TeV data as well as their combination, assuming SM production cross sections for the Higgs boson with mass of 125.09 GeV. On the right, the corresponding profile likelihood ratios as a function of $ {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}} $ are presented. The solid curves represent the observations in data, while the dashed lines represent the expected result obtained from the background-only hypothesis. |
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Figure 9-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on ${{(\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {SM}}) \, {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}}}}$ for partial combinations based either on 7+8 or 13 TeV data as well as their combination, assuming SM production cross sections for the Higgs boson with mass of 125.09 GeV. |
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Figure 9-b:
Profile likelihood ratios as a function of $ {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}} $ are presented. The solid curves represent the observations in data, while the dashed lines represent the expected result obtained from the background-only hypothesis. |
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Figure 10:
On the left, observed 95% CL upper limits on ${(\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {SM}}) \, {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}}}$ for a Higgs boson with a mass of 125.09 GeV, whose production cross section varies as a function of the coupling modifiers $\kappa _{\mathrm {V}}$ and $\kappa _{\mathrm {F}}$. Their best estimate, along with the 68% and 95% CL contours from Ref. [4], are also reported. The SM prediction corresponds to ${\kappa _{\mathrm {V}} = \kappa _{\mathrm {F}} = }$ 1. On the right, 90% CL upper limits on the spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section in Higgs-portal models, assuming a scalar (solid orange) or fermion (dashed red) DM candidate. Limits are computed as a function of $m_{\chi}$ and are compared to those from the XENON1T [79], LUX [80], PandaX-II [81], CDMSlite [82], CRESST-II [83], and CDEX-10 [84] experiments. |
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Figure 10-a:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on ${(\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {SM}}) \, {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}}}$ for a Higgs boson with a mass of 125.09 GeV, whose production cross section varies as a function of the coupling modifiers $\kappa _{\mathrm {V}}$ and $\kappa _{\mathrm {F}}$. Their best estimate, along with the 68% and 95% CL contours from Ref. [4], are also reported. The SM prediction corresponds to ${\kappa _{\mathrm {V}} = \kappa _{\mathrm {F}} = }$ 1. |
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Figure 10-b:
90% CL upper limits on the spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section in Higgs-portal models, assuming a scalar (solid orange) or fermion (dashed red) DM candidate. Limits are computed as a function of $m_{\chi}$ and are compared to those from the XENON1T [79], LUX [80], PandaX-II [81], CDMSlite [82], CRESST-II [83], and CDEX-10 [84] experiments. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of the kinematic selections used to define the SR for both the shape and the cut-and-count analyses. |
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Table 2:
Experimental and theoretical sources of systematic uncertainties on the V+jets transfer factors, which enter in the simultaneous fit, used to estimate the V+jets backgrounds, as constrained nuisance parameters. In addition, the impact on the fitted signal strength, ${{(\sigma /\sigma _{\mathrm {SM}}) \, {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}}}}$, is reported in the last column estimated after performing the ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ shape fit to the observed data across signal and control regions. |
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Table 3:
Expected event yields in each ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ bin for various background processes in the SR of the shape analysis. The background yields and the corresponding uncertainties are obtained after performing a combined fit across all the CRs, but excluding data in the SR. The "other backgrounds'' includes QCD multijet and ${\mathrm {Z}} (\ell \ell)$+jets processes. The expected total signal contribution for the 125 GeV Higgs boson, decaying to invisible particles with a branching fraction $ {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}} = $ 1, and the observed event yields are also reported. |
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Table 4:
Correlation between the uncertainties in predicted background yields across the ${m_{\mathrm {jj}}}$ bins of the shape analysis SR. The backgrounds are estimated by fitting the data in the CRs. Bin ranges are expressed in TeV. |
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Table 5:
Expected event yields in the SR and in the CRs of the cut-and-count analysis for various SM processes. The background yields and the corresponding uncertainties are obtained from a combined fit to data in all the CRs, but excluding data in the SR. The expected total signal contribution for the 125 GeV Higgs boson, decaying to invisible particles with a branching fraction $ {{\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {H}} \to \text {inv})}} = $ 1, and the observed event yields are also reported. |
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Table 6:
Signal composition and upper limits (observed and expected) on the invisible Higgs boson branching fraction classified according to the final state considered in each analysis. The relative contributions from the different Higgs production mechanisms are derived from simulation, fixing the Higgs boson mass to 125.09 GeV and assuming SM production cross sections. |
| Summary |
|
A search for invisible decays of a Higgs boson is presented using proton-proton (pp) collision data at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment in 2016 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The search targets events in which a Higgs boson is produced through vector boson fusion (VBF). The data are found to be consistent with the predicted standard model (SM) backgrounds. An observed (expected) upper limit of 0.33 (0.25) is set, at 95% confidence level (CL), on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson decay to invisible particles, ${{\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H} \to \text{inv})}} $, by means of a binned likelihood fit to the dijet mass distribution. In addition, upper limits are set on the product of the cross section and branching fraction of an SM-like Higgs boson, with mass ranging between 110 and 1000 GeV. A combination of CMS searches for the Higgs boson decaying to invisible particles, using pp collision data collected at $\sqrt{s} = $ 7, 8, and 13 TeV (2015 and 2016), is also presented. The combination includes searches targeting Higgs boson production via VBF, in association with a vector boson (with hadronic decays of the W boson and hadronic or leptonic decays of the Z boson) and via gluon fusion with initial state radiation. The VBF search is the most sensitive channel involved in the combination. No significant deviations from the SM predictions are observed in any of these searches. The combination yields an observed (expected) upper limit on ${{\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H} \to \text{inv})}}$ of 0.19 (0.15) at 95% CL, assuming SM production rates for the Higgs boson and a Higgs boson mass of 125.09 GeV. The observed 90% CL upper limit of ${{\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{H} \to \text{inv})}} < $ 0.16 is interpreted in terms of Higgs-portal models of dark matter (DM) interactions. Constraints are placed on the spin-independent DM-nucleon interaction cross section. When compared to the upper bounds from direct detection experiments, this limit provides the strongest constraints on fermion (scalar) DM particles with masses smaller than about 18 (7) GeV. |
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