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| CMS-HIG-16-044 ; CERN-EP-2017-233 | ||
| Evidence for the Higgs boson decay to a bottom quark-antiquark pair | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 21 September 2017 | ||
| Phys. Lett. B 780 (2018) 501 | ||
| Abstract: A search for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson (H) decaying to $\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$ when produced in association with an electroweak vector boson is reported for the following processes: $\mathrm{Z}(\nu\nu)\mathrm{H}$, $\mathrm{W}(\mu\nu)\mathrm{H}$, $\mathrm{W}(\mathrm{e}\nu)\mathrm{H}$, $\mathrm{Z}(\mu\mu)\mathrm{H}$, and $\mathrm{Z}(\mathrm{e}\mathrm{e})\mathrm{H}$. The search is performed in data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC during Run 2 in 2016. An excess of events is observed in data compared to the expectation in the absence of a ${\mathrm{H}\to\mathrm{b\bar{b}}} $ signal. The significance of this excess is 3.3 standard deviations, where the expectation from SM Higgs boson production is 2.8. The signal strength corresponding to this excess, relative to that of the SM Higgs boson production, is 1.2 $\pm$ 0.4. When combined with the Run 1 measurement of the same processes, the signal significance is 3.8 standard deviations with 3.8 expected. The corresponding signal strength, relative to that of the SM Higgs boson, is 1.06$^{+0.31}_{-0.29}$. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:1709.07497 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Dijet invariant mass distributions for simulated samples of ${\mathrm{Z} (\ell \ell)\mathrm{H} (\mathrm{b} \mathrm{b})}$ events ($m_{\mathrm{H}} = $ 125 GeV), before (red) and after (blue) the energy correction from the regression procedure is applied. A sum of a Bernstein polynomial and a Crystal Ball function is used to fit the distribution. The displayed resolutions are derived from the peak and RMS of the Gaussian core of the Crystal Ball function. |
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Figure 2:
Examples of distributions for variables in the simulated samples and in data for different control regions and for different channels after applying the data/MC scale factors in Table 6. The top row of plots is from the 0-lepton Z+HF control region. The middle row shows variables in the 1-lepton ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} $ control region. The bottom row shows variables in the 2-lepton Z+HF control region. The plots on the left are always ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ({\mathrm {V}})}$. Plots on the right show a key variable that is validated in that control region. These variables are, from top to bottom, the azimuthal angle between the two jets that comprise the Higgs boson, the reconstructed top quark mass, and the ratio of ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ({\mathrm {V}})}$ and ${{{p_{\mathrm {T}}} \mathrm {(jj)}}}$. |
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Figure 2-a:
Distribution of ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ({\mathrm {V}})}$ in the simulated samples and in data for |
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Figure 2-b:
Distribution of the azimuthal angle between the two jets that comprise the Higgs boson in the simulated samples and in data for the 0-lepton Z+HF control region, after applying the data/MC scale factors in Table 6. |
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Figure 2-c:
Distribution of ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ({\mathrm {V}})}$ in the simulated samples and in data for the 1-lepton ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} $ control region, after applying the data/MC scale factors in Table 6. |
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Figure 2-d:
Distribution of the reconstructed top quark mass in the simulated samples and in data for the 1-lepton ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} $ control region, after applying the data/MC scale factors in Table 6. |
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Figure 2-e:
Distribution of ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ({\mathrm {V}})}$ in the simulated samples and in data for the 2-lepton Z+HF control region, after applying the data/MC scale factors in Table 6. |
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Figure 2-f:
Distribution of the ratio of ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ({\mathrm {V}})}$ and ${{{p_{\mathrm {T}}} \mathrm {(jj)}}}$ in the simulated samples and in data for the 2-lepton Z+HF control region, after applying the data/MC scale factors in Table 6. |
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Figure 3:
Distributions in control regions after simulated samples are fit to the data in the signal extraction fit. On the left are examples of ${\mathrm {CMVA_{min}}}$ distributions, while on the right are corresponding event BDT distributions of the same control regions as the plots on the left. Note that these BDT distributions are not part of the fit and are primarily for validation. The control regions shown from top to bottom are: ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}}$ for the 0-lepton channel, low-mass HF for the single-muon channel, and HF for the dielectron channel. |
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Figure 3-a:
Distribution of ${\mathrm {CMVA_{min}}}$ in the ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}}$ control region for the 0-lepton channel, after simulated samples are fit to the data in the signal extraction fit. |
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Figure 3-b:
Distribution of the event BDT in the ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}}$ control region for the 0-lepton channel, after simulated samples are fit to the data in the signal extraction fit. (This BDT distribution is primarily for validation.) |
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Figure 3-c:
Distribution of ${\mathrm {CMVA_{min}}}$ in the low-mass HF control region for the single-muon channel, after simulated samples are fit to the data in the signal extraction fit. |
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Figure 3-d:
Distribution of the event BDT in the low-mass HF control region for the single-muon channel, after simulated samples are fit to the data in the signal extraction fit. (This BDT distribution is primarily for validation.) |
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Figure 3-e:
Distribution of ${\mathrm {CMVA_{min}}}$ in the HF control region for the dielectron channel, after simulated samples are fit to the data in the signal extraction fit. |
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Figure 3-f:
Distribution of ${\mathrm {CMVA_{min}}}$ in the HF control region for the dielectron channel, after simulated samples are fit to the data in the signal extraction fit. (This BDT distribution is primarily for validation.) |
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Figure 4:
Post-fit event BDT output distributions for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 0-lepton channel (top), for the 1-lepton channels (middle), and for the 2-lepton low-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ({\mathrm {V}})}$ and high-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ({\mathrm {V}})}$ regions (bottom). The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for the SM Higgs boson signal and for backgrounds. |
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Figure 4-a:
Post-fit event BDT output distributions for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 0-lepton channel. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for the SM Higgs boson signal and for backgrounds. |
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Figure 4-b:
Post-fit event BDT output distributions for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 1-muon channel. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for the SM Higgs boson signal and for backgrounds. |
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Figure 4-c:
Post-fit event BDT output distributions for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 1-electron channel. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for the SM Higgs boson signal and for backgrounds. |
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Figure 4-d:
Post-fit event BDT output distributions for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 2-muon low-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ({\mathrm {V}})}$ region. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for the SM Higgs boson signal and for backgrounds. |
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Figure 4-e:
Post-fit event BDT output distributions for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 2-electron low-$. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for the SM Higgs boson signal and for backgrounds. |
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Figure 4-f:
Post-fit event BDT output distributions for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 2-muon high-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ({\mathrm {V}})}$ region. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for the SM Higgs boson signal and for backgrounds. |
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Figure 4-g:
Post-fit event BDT output distributions for the 13 TeV data (points with error bars), for the 2-electron high-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ({\mathrm {V}})}$ region. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the prediction from simulated samples for the SM Higgs boson signal and for backgrounds. |
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Figure 5:
Combination of all channels into a single event BDT distribution. Events are sorted in bins of similar expected signal-to-background ratio, as given by the value of the output of their corresponding BDT discriminant (trained with a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 125 GeV). The bottom plots show the ratio of the data to the background-only prediction. |
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Figure 6:
The best fit value of the signal strength $\mu $, at $ {m_\mathrm{H}} = $ 125.09 GeV, is shown in black with a green uncertainty band. Also shown are the results of a separate fit where each channel is assigned an independent signal strength parameter. Above the dashed line are the ${\mathrm{W} \mathrm{H}} $ and ${\mathrm{Z} \mathrm{H}} $ signal strengths derived from a fit where each production mode is assigned an independent signal strength parameter. |
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Figure 7:
Weighted dijet invariant mass distribution for events in all channels combined. Shown are data and the ${{{\mathrm {V}}}\mathrm{H}} $ and ${{{\mathrm {V}}}\mathrm{Z}} $ processes with all other background processes subtracted. Weights are derived from the event BDT output distribution as described in the text. |
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Figure 8:
Combination of all channels in the ${{{\mathrm {V}}}\mathrm{Z}} $ search, with ${\mathrm{Z} \to {\mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}}$ into a single event BDT distribution. Events are sorted in bins of similar expected signal-to-background ratio, as given by the value of the output of their corresponding BDT discriminant. The bottom inset shows the ratio of the data to the predicted background, with a red line overlaying the expected SM contribution from ${{{\mathrm {V}}}\mathrm{Z}} $ with ${\mathrm{Z} \to {\mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}}$. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Selection criteria that define the signal region. Entries marked with "--'' indicate that the variable is not used in the given channel. Where selections differ for different $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ({\mathrm {V}})} $ regions, there are comma separated entries of thresholds or square brackets with a range that indicate each region's selection as defined in the first row of the table. The values listed for kinematic variables are in units of GeV, and for angles in units of radians. Where selection differs between lepton flavors, the selection is listed as (muon, electron). |
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Table 2:
Variables used in the training of the event BDT discriminant for the different channels. Jets are counted as additional jets to those selected to reconstruct the ${\mathrm{H} \to {\mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}}$ decay if they satisfy the following: $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} > $ 30 GeV and $ | \eta | < $ 2.4 for the 0- and 2-lepton channels, and $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} > $ 25 GeV and $ | \eta | < $ 2.9 for the 1-lepton channel. |
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Table 3:
Definition of the control regions for the 0-lepton channel. LF and HF refer to light- and heavy-flavor jets. The values listed for kinematic variables are in units of GeV, and for angles in units of radians. Entries marked with "--'' indicate that the variable is not used in that region. |
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Table 4:
Definition of the control regions for the 1-lepton channels. The HF control region is divided into low and high mass ranges as shown in the table. The significance of ${{p}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$, ${\sigma ({{p}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})}$, is ${{p}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ divided by the square root of the scalar sum of jet ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ where jet $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} > $ 30 GeV. The values listed for kinematic variables are in units of GeV, except for ${\sigma ({{p}_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}})}$ whose units are $\sqrt{\mathrm{GeV}}$. For angles units are radians. Entries marked with " --'' indicate that the variable is not used in that region. |
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Table 5:
Definition of the control regions for the 2-lepton channels. The same selection is used for both the low- and high-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ({\mathrm {V}})}$ regions. The values listed for kinematic variables are in units of GeV and for angles in units of radians. Entries marked with "--'' indicate that the variable is not used in that region. |
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Table 6:
Data/MC scale factors for each of the main background processes in each channel, as obtained from the combined signal-extraction fit to control and signal region distributions described in Section 7. Electron and muon samples in the 1- and 2-lepton channels are fit simultaneously to determine average scale factors. The same scale factors for W+jets processes are used for the 0- and 1-lepton channels. |
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Table 7:
Effect of each source of systematic uncertainty in the expected signal strength $\mu $. The third column shows the uncertainty in $\mu $ from each source when only that particular source is considered. The last column shows the percentage decrease in the uncertainty when removing that specific source of uncertainty while applying all other systematic uncertainties. Due to correlations, the total systematic uncertainty is less than the sum in quadrature of the individual uncertainties. The second column shows whether the source affects only the normalization or both the shape and normalization of the event BDT output distribution. See text for details. |
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Table 8:
The total numbers of events in each channel, for the 20% most sensitive region of the event BDT output distribution is shown for all background processes, for the SM Higgs boson ${{{\mathrm {V}}}\mathrm{H}} $ signal, and for data. The yields from simulated samples are computed with adjustments to the shapes and normalizations of the BDT distributions given by the signal extraction fit. The signal-to-background ratio (S/B) is also shown. |
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Table 9:
The expected and observed significances for ${{{\mathrm {V}}}\mathrm{H}} $ production with ${\mathrm{H} \to {\mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}}$ are shown, for $ {m_\mathrm{H}} = $ 125.09 GeV, for each channel fit individually as well as for the combination of all three channels. |
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Table 10:
Validation results for ${{{\mathrm {V}}}\mathrm{Z}} $ production with ${\mathrm{Z} \to {\mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}}$. Expected and observed significances, and the observed signal strengths. Significance values are given in numbers of standard deviations. |
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Table 11:
The expected and observed significances and the observed signal strengths for ${{{\mathrm {V}}}\mathrm{H}} $ production with ${\mathrm{H} \to {\mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}}$ for Run1 data[18], Run2 (2016) data, and for the combination of the two. Significance values are given in numbers of standard deviations. |
| Summary |
|
A search for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson (H) when produced in association with an electroweak vector boson and decaying to a $\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$ pair is reported for the $\mathrm{Z}(\nu\nu)\mathrm{H}$, $\mathrm{W}(\mu\nu)\mathrm{H}$, $\mathrm{W}(\mathrm{e}\nu)\mathrm{H}$, $\mathrm{Z}(\mu\mu)\mathrm{H}$, and $\mathrm{Z}(\mathrm{e}\mathrm{e})\mathrm{H}$ processes. The search is performed in data samples corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV, recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The observed signal significance, for ${m_\mathrm{H}} =125.09$ GeV, is 3.3 standard deviations, where the expectation from the SM Higgs boson production is 2.8. The corresponding signal strength is $\mu= $ 1.2 $\pm$ 0.4. The combination of this result with the one from the same measurement performed by the CMS Collaboration in Run 1 of the LHC using proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}= $ 7 and 8 TeV with data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to 5.1 and 18.9 fb$^{-1}$, respectively, yields an observed signal significance of 3.8 standard deviations, where 3.8 are expected from the SM signal. The corresponding signal strength is $\mu= $ 1.06$^{+0.31}_{-0.29}$. The result presented in this article provides evidence for the decay of the Higgs boson into a pair of b quarks with a rate consistent with the SM expectation. |
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