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| CMS-B2G-23-003 ; CERN-EP-2026-081 | ||
| Search for light charged Higgs bosons decaying to charm and strange quarks in $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ events in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 1 May 2026 | ||
| Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics | ||
| Abstract: A search is presented for a light charged Higgs boson $ \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} $ in top quark pair production ( $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $), where one of the top quarks decays to an $ \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} $ and a bottom quark, while the other decays to a $ \mathrm{W}^{\mp} $ boson and a bottom quark. The $ \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} $ is assumed to decay into a charm and a strange quark, whereas the $ \mathrm{W}^{\mp} $ boson decays into a charged lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino. Results are reported based on proton-proton collision data at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The analysis probes $ \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} $ masses in the range 40 to 160 GeV using the invariant mass spectrum of the two light jets, where light jets are defined as jets that do not satisfy the bottom quark tagging requirement. The observed yield is found to be consistent with standard model predictions. Upper limits are set on the branching fraction $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{t} \to \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \mathrm{b}) $, with values in the range of 0.07--1.12% at 95% confidence level, under the assumption that $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \to \mathrm{c}\mathrm{s}) = 100% $. These are the first direct limits on charged Higgs bosons produced in top quark decays for masses between 40 and 50 GeV, and the most stringent limits to date in the 70--110 GeV range. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2604.27795 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Leading-order Feynman diagrams of $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ production in gluon-gluon fusion process. One possible production of $ \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} $ signal from t quark decay is shown in the left plot. The decay products of $ \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} $ are c and s quarks. The diagram on right side shows the $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ process in the lepton+jets channels, an irreducible SM background. |
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Figure 2:
Distributions of selected input variables used in the BDT training for the combined data set. Shown are the pre-fit distributions of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the b-tagged jet from the hadronic top quark decay (upper left), the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading light jet (upper right), the $ \cos\theta^\ast $ discriminant variable (lower left), and the CvsL discriminator value of the leading light jet (lower right). The lower panels display the ratio of data to the predicted background, with the shaded band representing the total uncertainty in the prediction. The potential signal distribution is normalized to the background yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-a:
Distributions of selected input variables used in the BDT training for the combined data set. Shown are the pre-fit distributions of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the b-tagged jet from the hadronic top quark decay (upper left), the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading light jet (upper right), the $ \cos\theta^\ast $ discriminant variable (lower left), and the CvsL discriminator value of the leading light jet (lower right). The lower panels display the ratio of data to the predicted background, with the shaded band representing the total uncertainty in the prediction. The potential signal distribution is normalized to the background yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-b:
Distributions of selected input variables used in the BDT training for the combined data set. Shown are the pre-fit distributions of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the b-tagged jet from the hadronic top quark decay (upper left), the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading light jet (upper right), the $ \cos\theta^\ast $ discriminant variable (lower left), and the CvsL discriminator value of the leading light jet (lower right). The lower panels display the ratio of data to the predicted background, with the shaded band representing the total uncertainty in the prediction. The potential signal distribution is normalized to the background yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-c:
Distributions of selected input variables used in the BDT training for the combined data set. Shown are the pre-fit distributions of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the b-tagged jet from the hadronic top quark decay (upper left), the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading light jet (upper right), the $ \cos\theta^\ast $ discriminant variable (lower left), and the CvsL discriminator value of the leading light jet (lower right). The lower panels display the ratio of data to the predicted background, with the shaded band representing the total uncertainty in the prediction. The potential signal distribution is normalized to the background yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-d:
Distributions of selected input variables used in the BDT training for the combined data set. Shown are the pre-fit distributions of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the b-tagged jet from the hadronic top quark decay (upper left), the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading light jet (upper right), the $ \cos\theta^\ast $ discriminant variable (lower left), and the CvsL discriminator value of the leading light jet (lower right). The lower panels display the ratio of data to the predicted background, with the shaded band representing the total uncertainty in the prediction. The potential signal distribution is normalized to the background yield. |
png pdf |
Figure 3:
BDT output score distribution for the backgrounds and signal processes for the (left) high-mass and (right) low-mass models. The vertical lines correspond to the working points used for categorization. The signal distribution is normalized to $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{t} \to \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \mathrm{b}) = 30% $ for visualization purposes. |
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Figure 3-a:
BDT output score distribution for the backgrounds and signal processes for the (left) high-mass and (right) low-mass models. The vertical lines correspond to the working points used for categorization. The signal distribution is normalized to $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{t} \to \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \mathrm{b}) = 30% $ for visualization purposes. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
BDT output score distribution for the backgrounds and signal processes for the (left) high-mass and (right) low-mass models. The vertical lines correspond to the working points used for categorization. The signal distribution is normalized to $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{t} \to \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \mathrm{b}) = 30% $ for visualization purposes. |
png pdf |
Figure 4:
Post-fit event yields of the BDT categories after the background-only fit. The lower panel shows the ratio of data to the predicted background, with the shaded band indicating the total uncertainty in the prediction, including both statistical and systematic contributions. For comparison, the potential signal yield with $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{t} \to \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \mathrm{b})=10% $ is shown. |
png pdf |
Figure 5:
The post-fit $ m_\text{jj} $ distributions for data and background processes in loose, medium and tight BDT categories are shown for combined data set. The $ m_\text{jj} $ variable is defined as the invariant mass of the two light jets associated with the $ \mathrm{W}/\mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} $ candidate. The potential signal distribution normalized to $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{t} \to \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \mathrm{b})=10% $ is also overlaid for comparison. The lower panels display the ratio of data to the predicted background, with the shaded band indicating the total uncertainty in the prediction, including both statistical and systematic components. Upper row: loose (left) and medium (right) BDT categories. Bottom row: tight BDT category. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
The post-fit $ m_\text{jj} $ distributions for data and background processes in loose, medium and tight BDT categories are shown for combined data set. The $ m_\text{jj} $ variable is defined as the invariant mass of the two light jets associated with the $ \mathrm{W}/\mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} $ candidate. The potential signal distribution normalized to $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{t} \to \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \mathrm{b})=10% $ is also overlaid for comparison. The lower panels display the ratio of data to the predicted background, with the shaded band indicating the total uncertainty in the prediction, including both statistical and systematic components. Upper row: loose (left) and medium (right) BDT categories. Bottom row: tight BDT category. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
The post-fit $ m_\text{jj} $ distributions for data and background processes in loose, medium and tight BDT categories are shown for combined data set. The $ m_\text{jj} $ variable is defined as the invariant mass of the two light jets associated with the $ \mathrm{W}/\mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} $ candidate. The potential signal distribution normalized to $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{t} \to \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \mathrm{b})=10% $ is also overlaid for comparison. The lower panels display the ratio of data to the predicted background, with the shaded band indicating the total uncertainty in the prediction, including both statistical and systematic components. Upper row: loose (left) and medium (right) BDT categories. Bottom row: tight BDT category. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-c:
The post-fit $ m_\text{jj} $ distributions for data and background processes in loose, medium and tight BDT categories are shown for combined data set. The $ m_\text{jj} $ variable is defined as the invariant mass of the two light jets associated with the $ \mathrm{W}/\mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} $ candidate. The potential signal distribution normalized to $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{t} \to \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \mathrm{b})=10% $ is also overlaid for comparison. The lower panels display the ratio of data to the predicted background, with the shaded band indicating the total uncertainty in the prediction, including both statistical and systematic components. Upper row: loose (left) and medium (right) BDT categories. Bottom row: tight BDT category. |
png pdf |
Figure 6:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL on the branching fraction $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{t} \to \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \mathrm{b}) $ obtained using the BDT-based analysis in the combined lepton category ($ \mu\! $+jets and $ \mathrm{e}\! $+jets channels). For comparison, the expected limits from the cut-based analysis are also shown. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
The input variables used for event categorization in the BDT |
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Table 2:
Summary of the main sources of systematic uncertainties and their typical impact on the $ m_\text{jj} $ distribution. The ranges reflect variations across different data-taking years and event categories. |
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Table 3:
Breakdown of systematic and statistical uncertainties in the extracted $ \mathcal{B}_{\mathrm{{H}^{\pm}}} $ for two signal mass points. Each percentage represents the contribution of the corresponding nuisance parameter group relative to the total uncertainty when all sources are combined in quadrature. |
| Summary |
| A search has been presented for a light charged Higgs boson ($ \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} $) produced in top quark decays in $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ events and decaying to charm and strange quarks using 2016--2018 data recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Upper limits on $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{t} \to \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \mathrm{b}) $ are computed at the 95% confidence level, under the assumption of $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \to \mathrm{c}\mathrm{s}) = 100% $, with the observed upper limit on $ \mathcal{B}(\mathrm{t} \to \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} \mathrm{b}) $ below 1.1% for all assumed $ \mathrm{{H}^{\pm}} $ masses between 40 and 160 GeV. These are the first direct limits on charged Higgs bosons produced in top quark decays for masses between 40 and 50 GeV, and the most stringent limits to date in the 70--110 GeV range. |
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