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| CMS-PAS-TOP-25-018 | ||
| Measurement of the single top $ t $-channel production cross section at a center-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 2026-10-06 | ||
| Abstract: This note presents measurements of the single top $ t $-channel production cross section in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV. The analysis uses 62.5 fb$ ^{-1} $ of data collected during 2022 and 2023 with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. Events with exactly one isolated charged lepton (electron or muon) and two jets, one of which is identified as originating from a bottom quark, are selected. A multivariate discriminant is employed to enhance the separation between signal and background processes. The signal cross section is extracted from a maximum likelihood fit to the discriminant distribution. The inclusive single top $ t $-channel production cross section is measured to be $ \sigma(\mathrm{tq}+\mathrm{\bar{t}q})=223.1 ^{+9.3}_{-9.1} \mathrm{(syst)}\pm1.2 \mathrm{(stat)} $ pb. The individual top quark and antiquark cross sections are also measured to be $ \sigma(\mathrm{tq})=139.9 ^{+5.4}_{-5.1} \mathrm{(syst)}\pm0.9 \mathrm{(stat)} $ pb and $ \sigma(\mathrm{\bar{t}q})=83.8 ^{+3.9}_{-3.7} \mathrm{(syst)}\pm0.7 \mathrm{(stat)} $ pb, respectively. The ratio of the two individual cross sections is measured, yielding a value of $ \mathcal{R}_{\mathrm{t-ch}}= $ 1.67 $ \pm $ 0.04 $ \mathrm{(syst)}\pm0.02 \mathrm{(stat)} $. This ratio and the inclusive cross section are also compared with predictions obtained using different PDF sets. From the inclusive cross section result, the product $ |f_{\mathrm{LV}}V_{\mathrm{tb}}| $ is computed as $ |f_{\mathrm{LV}}V_{\mathrm{tb}}|= $ 0.980 $ \pm $ 0.021 $ \mathrm{(exp)}\pm0.009 \mathrm{(theo)} $. All measurements are in agreement with the standard model prediction. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Representative leading order Feynman diagrams for single top quark (left) and single top antiquark (right) production via the $ t $ channel. |
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Figure 1-a:
Representative leading order Feynman diagrams for single top quark (left) and single top antiquark (right) production via the $ t $ channel. |
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Figure 1-b:
Representative leading order Feynman diagrams for single top quark (left) and single top antiquark (right) production via the $ t $ channel. |
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Figure 2:
Distributions of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the lepton (left) and the $ \eta $ of the b-tagged jet (right) for events in the signal region described in Section 5. The shaded bands represent the uncertainties in the prediction while the vertical bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainties. The subdominant contribution of the $ \mathrm{Z}/\gamma^\star $, VV, VVV and ttX processes is included in "Others". The last bin of the lepton $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ includes the overflow events. |
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Figure 2-a:
Distributions of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the lepton (left) and the $ \eta $ of the b-tagged jet (right) for events in the signal region described in Section 5. The shaded bands represent the uncertainties in the prediction while the vertical bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainties. The subdominant contribution of the $ \mathrm{Z}/\gamma^\star $, VV, VVV and ttX processes is included in "Others". The last bin of the lepton $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ includes the overflow events. |
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Figure 2-b:
Distributions of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the lepton (left) and the $ \eta $ of the b-tagged jet (right) for events in the signal region described in Section 5. The shaded bands represent the uncertainties in the prediction while the vertical bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainties. The subdominant contribution of the $ \mathrm{Z}/\gamma^\star $, VV, VVV and ttX processes is included in "Others". The last bin of the lepton $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ includes the overflow events. |
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Figure 3:
Distributions of the most discriminating input variables used in the DNN training for events in the signal region described in Section 5. From top left to bottom right, the distributions show the invariant mass of the light and b-tagged jet, $ m_{\text{ub}} $; the sum of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the jets, $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ and the lepton, $ H_{\text{T}}' $; the difference of $ \eta $ between the light jet and the b-tagged jet, $ |\Delta \eta_{\text{ub}}| $, and the reconstructed mass of the top quark, $ m_{\mathrm{top}}^{\mathrm{reco}} $. The shaded bands represent the uncertainties in the predictions while the vertical bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainties. The subdominant contribution of the $ \mathrm{Z}/\gamma^\star $, VV, VVV and ttX processes is included in "Others". The last bin of each distribution includes overflow events. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-a:
Distributions of the most discriminating input variables used in the DNN training for events in the signal region described in Section 5. From top left to bottom right, the distributions show the invariant mass of the light and b-tagged jet, $ m_{\text{ub}} $; the sum of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the jets, $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ and the lepton, $ H_{\text{T}}' $; the difference of $ \eta $ between the light jet and the b-tagged jet, $ |\Delta \eta_{\text{ub}}| $, and the reconstructed mass of the top quark, $ m_{\mathrm{top}}^{\mathrm{reco}} $. The shaded bands represent the uncertainties in the predictions while the vertical bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainties. The subdominant contribution of the $ \mathrm{Z}/\gamma^\star $, VV, VVV and ttX processes is included in "Others". The last bin of each distribution includes overflow events. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
Distributions of the most discriminating input variables used in the DNN training for events in the signal region described in Section 5. From top left to bottom right, the distributions show the invariant mass of the light and b-tagged jet, $ m_{\text{ub}} $; the sum of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the jets, $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ and the lepton, $ H_{\text{T}}' $; the difference of $ \eta $ between the light jet and the b-tagged jet, $ |\Delta \eta_{\text{ub}}| $, and the reconstructed mass of the top quark, $ m_{\mathrm{top}}^{\mathrm{reco}} $. The shaded bands represent the uncertainties in the predictions while the vertical bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainties. The subdominant contribution of the $ \mathrm{Z}/\gamma^\star $, VV, VVV and ttX processes is included in "Others". The last bin of each distribution includes overflow events. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-c:
Distributions of the most discriminating input variables used in the DNN training for events in the signal region described in Section 5. From top left to bottom right, the distributions show the invariant mass of the light and b-tagged jet, $ m_{\text{ub}} $; the sum of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the jets, $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ and the lepton, $ H_{\text{T}}' $; the difference of $ \eta $ between the light jet and the b-tagged jet, $ |\Delta \eta_{\text{ub}}| $, and the reconstructed mass of the top quark, $ m_{\mathrm{top}}^{\mathrm{reco}} $. The shaded bands represent the uncertainties in the predictions while the vertical bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainties. The subdominant contribution of the $ \mathrm{Z}/\gamma^\star $, VV, VVV and ttX processes is included in "Others". The last bin of each distribution includes overflow events. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-d:
Distributions of the most discriminating input variables used in the DNN training for events in the signal region described in Section 5. From top left to bottom right, the distributions show the invariant mass of the light and b-tagged jet, $ m_{\text{ub}} $; the sum of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the jets, $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ and the lepton, $ H_{\text{T}}' $; the difference of $ \eta $ between the light jet and the b-tagged jet, $ |\Delta \eta_{\text{ub}}| $, and the reconstructed mass of the top quark, $ m_{\mathrm{top}}^{\mathrm{reco}} $. The shaded bands represent the uncertainties in the predictions while the vertical bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainties. The subdominant contribution of the $ \mathrm{Z}/\gamma^\star $, VV, VVV and ttX processes is included in "Others". The last bin of each distribution includes overflow events. |
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Figure 4:
Postfit DNN distribution for the combined 2022 and 2023 datasets. The shaded band represents the uncertainties in the predictions while the vertical bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainties. The subdominant contribution of the $ \mathrm{Z}/\gamma^\star $, VV, VVV and ttX processes is included in "Others". The last bin includes overflow events. |
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Figure 6:
Inclusive $ t $-channel production cross section as a function of center-of-mass energy, comparing CMS measurements with theoretical predictions [7,9,11,12,15,2]. |
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Figure 7:
Comparison of the measured inclusive cross section at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13.6 TeV with predictions using different PDF sets [1]. |
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Figure 8:
Postfit DNN distributions for the combined 2022 and 2023 datasets for events where the lepton has positive (negative) electric charge on the left (right). The shaded bands represent the uncertainties in the predictions while the vertical bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainties. The subdominant contribution of the $ \mathrm{Z}/\gamma^\star $, VV, VVV and ttX processes is included in "Others". The last bin includes overflow events. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-a:
Postfit DNN distributions for the combined 2022 and 2023 datasets for events where the lepton has positive (negative) electric charge on the left (right). The shaded bands represent the uncertainties in the predictions while the vertical bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainties. The subdominant contribution of the $ \mathrm{Z}/\gamma^\star $, VV, VVV and ttX processes is included in "Others". The last bin includes overflow events. |
png pdf |
Figure 8-b:
Postfit DNN distributions for the combined 2022 and 2023 datasets for events where the lepton has positive (negative) electric charge on the left (right). The shaded bands represent the uncertainties in the predictions while the vertical bars on the data points represent the statistical uncertainties. The subdominant contribution of the $ \mathrm{Z}/\gamma^\star $, VV, VVV and ttX processes is included in "Others". The last bin includes overflow events. |
png pdf |
Figure 9:
Comparison of the measured value of the ratio of $ \sigma (\mathrm{t}\mathrm{q}) $ and $ \sigma (\overline{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{q}) $ at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13.6 TeV with predictions using different PDF sets [1]. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of the event selection used to define the signal region. |
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Table 2:
Event yields for events in the signal region described in Section 5 and before the fit, shown separately for the muon and electron channels for the observed data and each of the predicted processes. The quoted uncertainties are the total uncertainties. |
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Table 3:
Breakdown of the uncertainty sources and their relative impacts on the measurement, evaluated by progressively freezing groups of nuisance parameters, given in %. In the experimental group, the jet sources include the JES and JER, and the lepton efficiencies include the trigger, muon and electron efficiencies. The signal modeling includes all the modeling uncertainties affecting the signal including the correlated ones (UE, FSR and PDFs), and background includes all the background normalization uncertainties (QCD shape included) and the modeling uncertainties affecting only $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $. |
| Summary |
| Measurements of the single top $ t $-channel production cross section are presented. The analysis uses proton-proton collision data collected by CMS in 2022 and 2023 at a center-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 62.5 fb$ ^{-1} $. This is the first measurement of this process at this collision energy. The events selected contain exactly one isolated charged lepton and two jets, one of which is b-tagged. The cross section is measured using a maximum-likelihood fit to a DNN discriminant that separates the signal from the backgrounds. The measured value of the inclusive $ t $-channel production cross section is $ \sigma(\mathrm{t}\mathrm{q} + \overline{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{q})= $ 223.1 $ ^{+9.3}_{-9.1} $ (syst) \pm 1.2 (stat) $ \mathrm{pb} $. The top quark cross section is $ \sigma (\mathrm{t}\mathrm{q}) = $ 139.9 $ ^{+5.4}_{-5.1} $ (syst) \pm 0.9 (stat) $ \mathrm{pb} $ and the top antiquark cross section $ \sigma (\overline{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{q}) = $ 83.8 $ ^{+3.9}_{-3.7} $ (syst) \pm 0.7 (stat) $ \mathrm{pb} $. The ratio of the two individual cross sections is measured, yielding a value of $ \mathcal{R}_{\mathrm{t-ch}} = $ 1.67 $ \pm $ 0.04 (syst) $ \pm $ 0.02 (stat). The measured inclusive cross section and the ratio are compared with predictions obtained using different PDF sets and are found to be in agreement. The inclusive cross section is also used to extract the product $ |f_{\text{LV}}V_{\mathrm{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{b}}}| $ with a value of $ |f_{\text{LV}}V_{\mathrm{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{b}}}|= $ 0.980 $ \pm $ 0.021 (exp) $ \pm $ 0.009 (theo). All measurements are in agreement with the standard model prediction. |
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