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| CMS-PAS-TOP-24-015 | ||
| Measurement of top quark charge asymmetries in jet-associated top quark pair production at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 2025-10-31 | ||
| Abstract: Top quark charge asymmetry measurements in jet-associated top quark pair production are performed in proton--proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using a sample of events with a single isolated electron or muon in the final state. The data were recorded with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. Two observables are studied: the energy asymmetry and, for the first time, the incline asymmetry, both exploiting the relation between the momenta of the top quarks and the associated jet. Sensitivity is enhanced by performing the measurements in a fiducial region where the jet is produced approximately perpendicular to the top quarks. Detector effects are corrected to the particle level using a likelihood-based unfolding procedure. The energy asymmetry is measured to be $ A_E = $ ($- $6.3 $ \pm $ 2.3)%, consistent within two standard deviations with the standard model (SM) expectation of ($- $1.6 $ \pm $ 0.3)%, computed at next-to-leading-order accuracy in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. The measurement deviates from the zero-asymmetry hypothesis with a significance of 2.7 standard deviations. The incline asymmetry is measured as $ A_I = $ (2.5 $ \pm $ 2.3)% $, in agreement with SM expectations. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Kinematic properties of the process $ \mathrm{p}_{1}\mathrm{p}_{2} \rightarrow {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{j} $, where $ \mathrm{p}_{1} $ and $ \mathrm{p}_{2} $ represent the incoming partons, with three-momenta $ \vec{k}_1 $ and $ \vec{k}_2 $. The three-momenta of the top quark, top antiquark, and additional jet are indicated by $ \vec{k}_\mathrm{t} $, $ \vec{k}_\overline{\mathrm{t}} $, and $ \vec{k}_3 $. The inclination angle $ \varphi $ is defined through $ \cos\varphi = \vec{n}_{13}\cdot\vec{n}_{\mathrm{t}3} $, with $ \varphi \in [0, 2\pi] $, and $ \vec{n}_{13} $ and $ \vec{n}_{\mathrm{t}3} $ are the normal vectors to the $ (\mathrm{p}_{1}\mathrm{p}_{2},\mathrm{j}) $ and $ (\mathrm{t},\overline{\mathrm{t}},\mathrm{j}) $ planes, respectively. The jet angle $ \theta_\text{j} $ is also shown. Figure modified from Ref. [12]. |
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Figure 2:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading AK4 jet, and $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the subleading AK4 jet. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 2-a:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading AK4 jet, and $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the subleading AK4 jet. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 2-b:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading AK4 jet, and $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the subleading AK4 jet. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 2-c:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading AK4 jet, and $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the subleading AK4 jet. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 2-d:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading AK4 jet, and $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the subleading AK4 jet. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 2-e:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading AK4 jet, and $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the subleading AK4 jet. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-f:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading AK4 jet, and $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the subleading AK4 jet. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-g:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading AK4 jet, and $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the subleading AK4 jet. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-h:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading AK4 jet, and $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the subleading AK4 jet. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 3:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the lepton, number of AK4 jets, and $ \chi^2 $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
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Figure 3-a:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the lepton, number of AK4 jets, and $ \chi^2 $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the lepton, number of AK4 jets, and $ \chi^2 $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-c:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the lepton, number of AK4 jets, and $ \chi^2 $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-d:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the lepton, number of AK4 jets, and $ \chi^2 $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-e:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the lepton, number of AK4 jets, and $ \chi^2 $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-f:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the lepton, number of AK4 jets, and $ \chi^2 $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-g:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the lepton, number of AK4 jets, and $ \chi^2 $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-h:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ \eta $ and $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the lepton, number of AK4 jets, and $ \chi^2 $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 4:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ and $ m_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} } $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-a:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ and $ m_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} } $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-b:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ and $ m_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} } $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-c:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ and $ m_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} } $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-d:
Kinematic variables in the muon channel (left) and electron channel (right) used for BDT training from upper to lower: $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{miss} $ and $ m_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} } $. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. The last bin includes all events above the plotted range. |
png pdf |
Figure 5:
Event yields categorized by $ \Delta E $ (upper) and $ y_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{j}} $ for positive and negative values of $ \cos\varphi $ (lower) before the fit. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. |
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Figure 5-a:
Event yields categorized by $ \Delta E $ (upper) and $ y_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{j}} $ for positive and negative values of $ \cos\varphi $ (lower) before the fit. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
Event yields categorized by $ \Delta E $ (upper) and $ y_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{j}} $ for positive and negative values of $ \cos\varphi $ (lower) before the fit. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. |
png pdf |
Figure 6:
Event yields categorized by $ \Delta E $ (upper) and $ y_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{j}} $ for positive and negative values of $ \cos\varphi $ (lower) after the fit. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-a:
Event yields categorized by $ \Delta E $ (upper) and $ y_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{j}} $ for positive and negative values of $ \cos\varphi $ (lower) after the fit. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-b:
Event yields categorized by $ \Delta E $ (upper) and $ y_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \text{j}} $ for positive and negative values of $ \cos\varphi $ (lower) after the fit. The hatched and solid blue bands show the total uncertainty on the prediction, and the gray band shows the statistical component. |
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Figure 7:
Measured $ A_E $ for different event categories. The vertical red line (band) represents the central value (total uncertainty) of the nominal measurement, while the other bands show the SM expectation from different MC models. The markers (horizontal bars) indicate the central values (total uncertainties) of the measurements in the different categories. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Expected yields for signal and background processes and observed number of events in data after full event selection, together with their total (statistical and systematic) uncertainties. The $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ events are separated into the different decay channels: lepton+jets ($ \ell $+jets), dileptonic, and fully hadronic. Events in the $ \ell $+jets channel that are outside the fiducial phase space of the analysis are indicated by `` $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ (out)''. All single top quark events are grouped as ``Single top quark''. |
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Table 2:
Measured energy asymmetry $ A_E $ and incline asymmetry $ A_I $ values in the considered $ \theta_\text{j}^{\text{opt}} $ range. The data are compared with SM expectations from different MC models. |
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Table 3:
Summary of statistical and systematic uncertainties affecting the measurement of $ A_E $ and $ A_I $. The total uncertainty is obtained by adding individual contributions in quadrature. |
| Summary |
| We report the first CMS measurement of the energy asymmetry and the first LHC measurement of the incline asymmetry in top quark pair production in association with a jet, using events with one charged lepton (electron or muon). The analysis is based on proton-proton collision data recorded with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The measurements cover the resolved, semi-resolved, and boosted topologies of the hadronic top-quark decay. The sensitivity to charge asymmetry effects is enhanced by performing the measurements in a fiducial region where the additional jet is produced approximately perpendicular to the top-quark directions. The measurements are corrected for detector effects to the particle level using a likelihood-based unfolding procedure. The energy asymmetry is measured to be $ A_E = $ ($- $6.3 $ \pm $ 2.3)%, consistent within two standard deviations with the standard model (SM) expectation of ($-$1.6 $ \pm $ 0.3)%, computed at next-to-leading-order accuracy in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. The measurement deviates from the zero-asymmetry hypothesis with a significance of 2.7 standard deviations. The incline asymmetry is measured as $ A_I = $ (2.5 $ \pm $ 2.3)%, in agreement with SM expectations. |
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