CMS-PAS-TOP-22-010

CMS-PAS-TOP-22-010
Search for new Higgs bosons through same-sign top quark pair production in association with a jet in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV
CMS Collaboration
21 August 2023

Abstract: A search is presented for new Higgs bosons in proton-proton collision events in which a same-sign top quark pair is produced in association with a jet, via the $\mathrm{cg}\rightarrow\mathrm{tH/A}\rightarrow\mathrm{tt\overline{c}}$ and $\mathrm{cg}\rightarrow\mathrm{tH/A}\rightarrow\mathrm{tt\overline{u}}$ processes. Here H and A represent the extra scalar and pseudoscalar boson, respectively, of the second Higgs doublet in the generalized two-Higgs-doublet model (g2HDM). The search is based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb $^{-1}$ . Final states with a same-sign lepton pair in association with a charm or up quark are considered. New Higgs bosons in the 200-1000 GeV mass range are targeted in the search, for scenarios in which either H or A appear alone, or in which they coexist and interfere. No significant excess above the standard model prediction is observed, and exclusion limits are derived in the context of the g2HDM. Depending on the g2HDM signal assumptions, the mass of a new Higgs boson below 1 TeV and corresponding new Yukawa couplings between 0.4 and 1 are excluded at the 95% confidence level.
Links: CDS record (PDF) ; Physics Briefing ; CADI line (restricted) ; These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, PLB 850 (2024) 138478. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here.

Figures & Tables	Summary	References	CMS Publications

Figures
png pdf	Figure 1: Representative Feynman diagram for $\mathrm{t}\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{q}}$ ( $\mathrm{q}$ = u,c) production through a new scalar (H) or pseudoscalar (A) Higgs boson.
png pdf	Figure 2: The pre-fit CvsL (left panel) and CvsB (right panel) distributions for the selected highest- $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ jet using the full Run 2 data. The predictions for $m_{\mathrm{A}} =$ 350 GeV with A--H interference assuming $m_{\mathrm{A}} -m_{\mathrm{H}}=$ 50 GeV for $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}=$ 1.0 (solid blue line) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}=$ 1.0 (dashed red line) are also displayed. The number in square brackets represents the yields for each sample. The error bars on the points and the hatched bands represent the statistical uncertainties in the data and in the background predictions, respectively. Beneath each plot is shown the ratio of data to predictions. The error bars in the ratio plots consider statistical uncertainties in the data and in the background predictions.
png pdf	Figure 2-a: The pre-fit CvsL (left panel) and CvsB (right panel) distributions for the selected highest- $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ jet using the full Run 2 data. The predictions for $m_{\mathrm{A}} =$ 350 GeV with A--H interference assuming $m_{\mathrm{A}} -m_{\mathrm{H}}=$ 50 GeV for $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}=$ 1.0 (solid blue line) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}=$ 1.0 (dashed red line) are also displayed. The number in square brackets represents the yields for each sample. The error bars on the points and the hatched bands represent the statistical uncertainties in the data and in the background predictions, respectively. Beneath each plot is shown the ratio of data to predictions. The error bars in the ratio plots consider statistical uncertainties in the data and in the background predictions.
png pdf	Figure 2-b: The pre-fit CvsL (left panel) and CvsB (right panel) distributions for the selected highest- $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ jet using the full Run 2 data. The predictions for $m_{\mathrm{A}} =$ 350 GeV with A--H interference assuming $m_{\mathrm{A}} -m_{\mathrm{H}}=$ 50 GeV for $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}=$ 1.0 (solid blue line) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}=$ 1.0 (dashed red line) are also displayed. The number in square brackets represents the yields for each sample. The error bars on the points and the hatched bands represent the statistical uncertainties in the data and in the background predictions, respectively. Beneath each plot is shown the ratio of data to predictions. The error bars in the ratio plots consider statistical uncertainties in the data and in the background predictions.
png pdf	Figure 3: Post-fit distributions of the BDT discriminants combining the categories $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ using the full Run 2 data set, for $m_{\mathrm{A}}=$ 350 GeV with $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}=$ 1.0 (left panel), and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}=$ 1.0 (right panel) with A--H interference. The number in square brackets represents the yields for each sample. The error bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands represent the total uncertainty in the background predictions. Beneath each plot the ratio of data to predictions is shown. The error bars in the ratio plots consider statistical uncertainties in the data and the total uncertainty in the background predictions.
png pdf	Figure 3-a: Post-fit distributions of the BDT discriminants combining the categories $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ using the full Run 2 data set, for $m_{\mathrm{A}}=$ 350 GeV with $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}=$ 1.0 (left panel), and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}=$ 1.0 (right panel) with A--H interference. The number in square brackets represents the yields for each sample. The error bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands represent the total uncertainty in the background predictions. Beneath each plot the ratio of data to predictions is shown. The error bars in the ratio plots consider statistical uncertainties in the data and the total uncertainty in the background predictions.
png pdf	Figure 3-b: Post-fit distributions of the BDT discriminants combining the categories $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ using the full Run 2 data set, for $m_{\mathrm{A}}=$ 350 GeV with $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}=$ 1.0 (left panel), and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}=$ 1.0 (right panel) with A--H interference. The number in square brackets represents the yields for each sample. The error bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands represent the total uncertainty in the background predictions. Beneath each plot the ratio of data to predictions is shown. The error bars in the ratio plots consider statistical uncertainties in the data and the total uncertainty in the background predictions.
png pdf	Figure 4: Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the signal strength as a function of $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ for the g2HDM signal model using different coupling assumptions: $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}$ = 0.1, 0.4, 1.0 (left panel) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}$ = 0.1, 0.4, 1.0 (right panel) without interference using the full Run 2 data set for a combination of $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ categories. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis.
png pdf	Figure 4-a: Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the signal strength as a function of $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ for the g2HDM signal model using different coupling assumptions: $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}$ = 0.1, 0.4, 1.0 (left panel) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}$ = 0.1, 0.4, 1.0 (right panel) without interference using the full Run 2 data set for a combination of $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ categories. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis.
png pdf	Figure 4-b: Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the signal strength as a function of $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ for the g2HDM signal model using different coupling assumptions: $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}$ = 0.1, 0.4, 1.0 (left panel) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}$ = 0.1, 0.4, 1.0 (right panel) without interference using the full Run 2 data set for a combination of $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ categories. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis.
png pdf	Figure 5: Observed and expected 95% CL upper limit on the signal strength as a function of $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ for the g2HDM signal model using different coupling assumptions: $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}$ = 0.1, 0.4, 1.0 (left panel) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}$ = 0.1,0.4,1.0 (right panel) with A--H interference assuming $m_{\mathrm{A}} - m_{\mathrm{H}} =$ 50 GeV, using the full Run 2 data set for the combination of $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ categories. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis.
png pdf	Figure 5-a: Observed and expected 95% CL upper limit on the signal strength as a function of $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ for the g2HDM signal model using different coupling assumptions: $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}$ = 0.1, 0.4, 1.0 (left panel) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}$ = 0.1,0.4,1.0 (right panel) with A--H interference assuming $m_{\mathrm{A}} - m_{\mathrm{H}} =$ 50 GeV, using the full Run 2 data set for the combination of $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ categories. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis.
png pdf	Figure 5-b: Observed and expected 95% CL upper limit on the signal strength as a function of $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ for the g2HDM signal model using different coupling assumptions: $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}$ = 0.1, 0.4, 1.0 (left panel) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}$ = 0.1,0.4,1.0 (right panel) with A--H interference assuming $m_{\mathrm{A}} - m_{\mathrm{H}} =$ 50 GeV, using the full Run 2 data set for the combination of $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ categories. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis.
png pdf	Figure 6: Observed 95% CL upper limit on the signal strength as functions of $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}$ (left panel) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}$ (right panel) for the g2HDM signal model without A--H interference, using the full Run 2 data set for the combination of $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ categories. The color axis represents the observed upper limit on the signal strength. Expected (dashed lines) and observed (solid lines) exclusion contours are also shown.
png pdf	Figure 6-a: Observed 95% CL upper limit on the signal strength as functions of $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}$ (left panel) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}$ (right panel) for the g2HDM signal model without A--H interference, using the full Run 2 data set for the combination of $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ categories. The color axis represents the observed upper limit on the signal strength. Expected (dashed lines) and observed (solid lines) exclusion contours are also shown.
png pdf	Figure 6-b: Observed 95% CL upper limit on the signal strength as functions of $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}$ (left panel) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}$ (right panel) for the g2HDM signal model without A--H interference, using the full Run 2 data set for the combination of $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ categories. The color axis represents the observed upper limit on the signal strength. Expected (dashed lines) and observed (solid lines) exclusion contours are also shown.
png pdf	Figure 7: Observed 95% CL upper limit on the signal strength as functions of $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}$ (left panel) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}$ (right panel) for the g2HDM signal model with A--H interference, using the full Run 2 data set for the combination of $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ categories. The color axis represents the observed upper limit on the signal strength. Expected (dashed lines) and observed (solid lines) exclusion contours are also shown.
png pdf	Figure 7-a: Observed 95% CL upper limit on the signal strength as functions of $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}$ (left panel) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}$ (right panel) for the g2HDM signal model with A--H interference, using the full Run 2 data set for the combination of $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ categories. The color axis represents the observed upper limit on the signal strength. Expected (dashed lines) and observed (solid lines) exclusion contours are also shown.
png pdf	Figure 7-b: Observed 95% CL upper limit on the signal strength as functions of $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}$ (left panel) and $\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}$ (right panel) for the g2HDM signal model with A--H interference, using the full Run 2 data set for the combination of $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mathrm{e}^\pm$ , $\mu^\pm\mu^\pm$ , and $\mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\pm$ categories. The color axis represents the observed upper limit on the signal strength. Expected (dashed lines) and observed (solid lines) exclusion contours are also shown.

Tables
png pdf	Table 1: Input features of the BDT. Jets and leptons are ordered by $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ . The transverse momenta of the selected leptons are represented by $p_{\mathrm{T}}(\ell_i)$ . The invariant mass of the two selected leptons is denoted by $m_{\ell\ell}$ , and the invariant mass of the two selected leptons along with the $i^{th}$ highest- $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ jet by $m_{\ell\ell}(j_i)$ . The observable $H_{\mathrm{T}}$ represents the scalar sum of the $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ of the jets.
png pdf	Table 2: The BDT hyperparameters, as defined in the TMVA package, used in the analysis.
png pdf	Table 3: Contributions of the dominant uncertainty sources with respect to the total uncertainty, given in percentages. The total background modeling contains the uncertainties due to the normalization of $\mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}}$ , VV, VBS, ${\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{H}$ , ${\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} \mathrm{W}$ , and other backgrounds. The total experimental uncertainty covers the uncertainties related to the integrated luminosity, pileup, L1 trigger inefficiency, nonprompt lepton background estimation, jet energy scale and resolution, reconstruction of ${\vec p}_{\mathrm{T}}^{\kern1pt\text{miss}}$ , lepton identification and isolation and trigger efficiencies, charge misidentification, muon momentum scale, and heavy quark and light quark jet identification.
png pdf	Table 4: Observed (expected) lower limits on $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ at 95% CL. For the scenario without interference, the limits on $m_{\mathrm{H}}$ and $m_{\mathrm{A}}$ are equivalent.

Summary

In summary, a search for new Yukawa couplings of the top quark with additional Higgs bosons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. The process considered is the production of same-sign top quark pairs associated with an up or a charm quark. No significant excess above the background prediction is observed. When no interference between the pseudoscalar (A) and scalar (H) Higgs bosons is assumed, A or H bosons with masses below 900 GeV and 1 TeV, are excluded at the 95% confidence level (CL) for coupling values

$\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}} =$ 0.4 and 1.0, respectively. Similarly, without interference between H and A, and assuming a coupling value of

$\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} =$ 1.0, A or H bosons with masses below approximately 700 GeV are excluded at the 95% CL. In the assumption that A and H interfere in the scenario with a mass difference of

$m_{\mathrm{A}} - m_{\mathrm{H}} =$ 50 GeV, the pseudoscalar Higgs boson, A, is excluded for

$m_{\mathrm{A}}$ values below 1 TeV when considering coupling values ranging from

$\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}} =$ 0.4 to 1.0. Furthermore, assuming

$\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} =$ 0.4, the exclusion limit for A is

$m_{\mathrm{A}} =$ 300 GeV, whereas assuming

$\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}} =$ 1.0, the limit extends to

$m_{\mathrm{A}} =$ 800 GeV at the 95% CL. These results represent the first search based on the generalized two-Higgs-doublet model considering the new Yukawa couplings

$\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}$ and

$\rho_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{c}}$ independently, and the first search to consider

$m_{\mathrm{A}}$ -

$m_{\mathrm{H}}$ interference at the LHC.

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