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| CMS-HIG-22-004 ; CERN-EP-2024-313 | ||
| Search for a heavy pseudoscalar Higgs boson decaying to a 125 GeV Higgs boson and a Z boson in final states with two tau and two light leptons in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 22 January 2025 | ||
| Submitted to J. High Energy Phys. | ||
| Abstract: A search for a heavy pseudoscalar Higgs boson, A, decaying to a 125 GeV Higgs boson h and a Z boson is presented. The h boson is identified via its decay to a pair of tau leptons, while the Z boson is identified via its decay to a pair of electrons or muons. The search targets the production of the A boson via the gluon-gluon fusion process, $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $, and in association with bottom quarks, $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $. The analysis uses a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $ collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV. Constraints are set on the product of the cross sections of the A production mechanisms and the $ \mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $ decay branching fraction. The observed (expected) upper limit at 95% confidence level ranges from 0.049 (0.060) pb to 1.02 (0.79) pb for the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ process and from 0.053 (0.059) pb to 0.79 (0.61) pb for the $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $ process in the probed range of the A boson mass, $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $, from 225 GeV to 1 TeV. The results of the search are used to constrain parameters within the $ {\text{M}_{\text{h,EFT}}^{\text{125}}} $ benchmark scenario of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Values of $ \tan\beta $ below 2.2 are excluded in this scenario at 95% confidence level for all $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ values in the range from 225 to 350 GeV. | ||
| Links: CDS record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Feynman diagrams representing the production of the pseudoscalar A boson via gluon-gluon $ m_{\mathrm{A}}-\tan\beta $ fusion (left) and associated production with a bottom quark-antiquark pair (right). In each case, the A boson decays to an SM-like h boson and a Z boson. |
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Figure 1-a:
Feynman diagrams representing the production of the pseudoscalar A boson via gluon-gluon $ m_{\mathrm{A}}-\tan\beta $ fusion (left) and associated production with a bottom quark-antiquark pair (right). In each case, the A boson decays to an SM-like h boson and a Z boson. |
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Figure 1-b:
Feynman diagrams representing the production of the pseudoscalar A boson via gluon-gluon $ m_{\mathrm{A}}-\tan\beta $ fusion (left) and associated production with a bottom quark-antiquark pair (right). In each case, the A boson decays to an SM-like h boson and a Z boson. |
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Figure 2:
The distribution of the reconstructed mass of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ candidate (left plot) and of the $ \mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h}\to(\ell\ell)(\tau\tau) $ candidate (right plot) in a 2018 simulated sample of $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ events with $ m_{\mathrm{A}}= $ 300 GeV. Several methods of mass reconstruction are compared: 1) using only the visible decay products of $ \tau $ lepton ($ m_{\tau\tau}^{\text{vis}} $ in the left plot and $ m_{\ell\ell\tau\tau}^{\text{vis}} $ in the right plot, blue histograms), 2) using the FastMTT algorithm to correct for missing momentum carried away by neutrinos in the $ \tau $ lepton decays ($ m_{\tau\tau}^{\text{corr}} $ in the left plot and $ m_{\ell\ell\tau\tau}^{\text{corr}} $ in the right plot, orange histograms), and 3) using the FastMTT algorithm with a mass constraint of 125 GeV for the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ candidate ($ m_{\ell\ell\tau\tau}^{\text{cons}} $ in the right plot, green histogram). |
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Figure 2-a:
The distribution of the reconstructed mass of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ candidate (left plot) and of the $ \mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h}\to(\ell\ell)(\tau\tau) $ candidate (right plot) in a 2018 simulated sample of $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ events with $ m_{\mathrm{A}}= $ 300 GeV. Several methods of mass reconstruction are compared: 1) using only the visible decay products of $ \tau $ lepton ($ m_{\tau\tau}^{\text{vis}} $ in the left plot and $ m_{\ell\ell\tau\tau}^{\text{vis}} $ in the right plot, blue histograms), 2) using the FastMTT algorithm to correct for missing momentum carried away by neutrinos in the $ \tau $ lepton decays ($ m_{\tau\tau}^{\text{corr}} $ in the left plot and $ m_{\ell\ell\tau\tau}^{\text{corr}} $ in the right plot, orange histograms), and 3) using the FastMTT algorithm with a mass constraint of 125 GeV for the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ candidate ($ m_{\ell\ell\tau\tau}^{\text{cons}} $ in the right plot, green histogram). |
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Figure 2-b:
The distribution of the reconstructed mass of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ candidate (left plot) and of the $ \mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h}\to(\ell\ell)(\tau\tau) $ candidate (right plot) in a 2018 simulated sample of $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ events with $ m_{\mathrm{A}}= $ 300 GeV. Several methods of mass reconstruction are compared: 1) using only the visible decay products of $ \tau $ lepton ($ m_{\tau\tau}^{\text{vis}} $ in the left plot and $ m_{\ell\ell\tau\tau}^{\text{vis}} $ in the right plot, blue histograms), 2) using the FastMTT algorithm to correct for missing momentum carried away by neutrinos in the $ \tau $ lepton decays ($ m_{\tau\tau}^{\text{corr}} $ in the left plot and $ m_{\ell\ell\tau\tau}^{\text{corr}} $ in the right plot, orange histograms), and 3) using the FastMTT algorithm with a mass constraint of 125 GeV for the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ candidate ($ m_{\ell\ell\tau\tau}^{\text{cons}} $ in the right plot, green histogram). |
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Figure 3:
The reconstructed four-lepton mass, $ m_{\ell\ell\tau\tau}^{\text{cons}} $, in the no b-tag (left plot) and b-tag (right plot) categories. Background distributions are shown after performing a maximum likelihood fit to data under a background-only hypothesis. Signal samples corresponding to the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ and $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $ production modes of a pseudoscalar Higgs boson with a mass of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ = 350 GeV, are overlaid to illustrate the expected signal contribution. Signal yields are computed by setting $ \sigma{\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h}) $ to a benchmark value of 1 pb for both $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ and $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $ processes. Hatched bands indicate uncertainties in the total background. Contents of each bin along with the corresponding uncertainties are divided by the bin width. |
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Figure 3-a:
The reconstructed four-lepton mass, $ m_{\ell\ell\tau\tau}^{\text{cons}} $, in the no b-tag (left plot) and b-tag (right plot) categories. Background distributions are shown after performing a maximum likelihood fit to data under a background-only hypothesis. Signal samples corresponding to the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ and $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $ production modes of a pseudoscalar Higgs boson with a mass of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ = 350 GeV, are overlaid to illustrate the expected signal contribution. Signal yields are computed by setting $ \sigma{\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h}) $ to a benchmark value of 1 pb for both $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ and $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $ processes. Hatched bands indicate uncertainties in the total background. Contents of each bin along with the corresponding uncertainties are divided by the bin width. |
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Figure 3-b:
The reconstructed four-lepton mass, $ m_{\ell\ell\tau\tau}^{\text{cons}} $, in the no b-tag (left plot) and b-tag (right plot) categories. Background distributions are shown after performing a maximum likelihood fit to data under a background-only hypothesis. Signal samples corresponding to the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ and $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $ production modes of a pseudoscalar Higgs boson with a mass of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ = 350 GeV, are overlaid to illustrate the expected signal contribution. Signal yields are computed by setting $ \sigma{\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h}) $ to a benchmark value of 1 pb for both $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ and $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $ processes. Hatched bands indicate uncertainties in the total background. Contents of each bin along with the corresponding uncertainties are divided by the bin width. |
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Figure 4:
The expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL on the production cross section times branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $ decay for $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ (left plot) and $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $ (right plot) processes as functions of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $. The limits for the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ ($ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $) process are derived with the rate of other process fixed to zero. The branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ decay is set to the value predicted in the SM, $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau)= $ 0.062 [53]. |
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Figure 4-a:
The expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL on the production cross section times branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $ decay for $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ (left plot) and $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $ (right plot) processes as functions of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $. The limits for the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ ($ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $) process are derived with the rate of other process fixed to zero. The branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ decay is set to the value predicted in the SM, $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau)= $ 0.062 [53]. |
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Figure 4-b:
The expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL on the production cross section times branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $ decay for $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ (left plot) and $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $ (right plot) processes as functions of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $. The limits for the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ ($ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $) process are derived with the rate of other process fixed to zero. The branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ decay is set to the value predicted in the SM, $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau)= $ 0.062 [53]. |
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Figure 5:
Two-dimensional constraints on the cross section times branching fraction for the two production mechanisms. The confidence level intervals are derived for mass hypotheses of $ m_\mathrm{A}= $ 250 (upper left plot), 300 (upper right plot), 350 (lower left plot), and 400 GeV (lower right plot). The branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ decay is set to the value predicted in the SM, $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau)= $ 0.062 [53]. Computation of the best fit point and determination of the observed and expected 68% and 95% CL contours are described in the text. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
Two-dimensional constraints on the cross section times branching fraction for the two production mechanisms. The confidence level intervals are derived for mass hypotheses of $ m_\mathrm{A}= $ 250 (upper left plot), 300 (upper right plot), 350 (lower left plot), and 400 GeV (lower right plot). The branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ decay is set to the value predicted in the SM, $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau)= $ 0.062 [53]. Computation of the best fit point and determination of the observed and expected 68% and 95% CL contours are described in the text. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
Two-dimensional constraints on the cross section times branching fraction for the two production mechanisms. The confidence level intervals are derived for mass hypotheses of $ m_\mathrm{A}= $ 250 (upper left plot), 300 (upper right plot), 350 (lower left plot), and 400 GeV (lower right plot). The branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ decay is set to the value predicted in the SM, $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau)= $ 0.062 [53]. Computation of the best fit point and determination of the observed and expected 68% and 95% CL contours are described in the text. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-c:
Two-dimensional constraints on the cross section times branching fraction for the two production mechanisms. The confidence level intervals are derived for mass hypotheses of $ m_\mathrm{A}= $ 250 (upper left plot), 300 (upper right plot), 350 (lower left plot), and 400 GeV (lower right plot). The branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ decay is set to the value predicted in the SM, $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau)= $ 0.062 [53]. Computation of the best fit point and determination of the observed and expected 68% and 95% CL contours are described in the text. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-d:
Two-dimensional constraints on the cross section times branching fraction for the two production mechanisms. The confidence level intervals are derived for mass hypotheses of $ m_\mathrm{A}= $ 250 (upper left plot), 300 (upper right plot), 350 (lower left plot), and 400 GeV (lower right plot). The branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ decay is set to the value predicted in the SM, $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau)= $ 0.062 [53]. Computation of the best fit point and determination of the observed and expected 68% and 95% CL contours are described in the text. |
png pdf |
Figure 6:
Same as Fig. 5 but for mass hypotheses of $ m_{\mathrm{A}}= $ 500 (upper left plot), 600 (upper right plot), 800 (lower left plot) and 1000 GeV (lower right plot). The branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ decay is set to the value predicted in the SM, $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau)= $ 0.062 [53]. Computation of the best-fit point and determination of the observed and expected 68% and 95% CL contours are described in the text. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-a:
Same as Fig. 5 but for mass hypotheses of $ m_{\mathrm{A}}= $ 500 (upper left plot), 600 (upper right plot), 800 (lower left plot) and 1000 GeV (lower right plot). The branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ decay is set to the value predicted in the SM, $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau)= $ 0.062 [53]. Computation of the best-fit point and determination of the observed and expected 68% and 95% CL contours are described in the text. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-b:
Same as Fig. 5 but for mass hypotheses of $ m_{\mathrm{A}}= $ 500 (upper left plot), 600 (upper right plot), 800 (lower left plot) and 1000 GeV (lower right plot). The branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ decay is set to the value predicted in the SM, $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau)= $ 0.062 [53]. Computation of the best-fit point and determination of the observed and expected 68% and 95% CL contours are described in the text. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-c:
Same as Fig. 5 but for mass hypotheses of $ m_{\mathrm{A}}= $ 500 (upper left plot), 600 (upper right plot), 800 (lower left plot) and 1000 GeV (lower right plot). The branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ decay is set to the value predicted in the SM, $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau)= $ 0.062 [53]. Computation of the best-fit point and determination of the observed and expected 68% and 95% CL contours are described in the text. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-d:
Same as Fig. 5 but for mass hypotheses of $ m_{\mathrm{A}}= $ 500 (upper left plot), 600 (upper right plot), 800 (lower left plot) and 1000 GeV (lower right plot). The branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ decay is set to the value predicted in the SM, $ {\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau)= $ 0.062 [53]. Computation of the best-fit point and determination of the observed and expected 68% and 95% CL contours are described in the text. |
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Figure 7:
Lower 95% CL limit on $ \tan\beta $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ in the $ \text{M}_{\text{h,EFT}}^{\text{125}} $ MSSM scenario. Values below the black solid line are excluded at 95% CL. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Efficiencies for the identification of $ \tau_\mathrm{h} $ decays and corresponding misidentification rates (given in parentheses) for the working points of $ D_{\mathrm{e}} $, $ D_{\mu} $, and $ D_{\text{jet}} $, chosen for the $ \mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau $ selection, depending on the $ \tau\tau $ final state. The numbers are given as percentages. Efficiencies and misidentification rates are determined from dedicated studies [25]. |
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Table 2:
Dominant sources of systematic uncertainty are considered in this analysis. The symbol $ \dagger $ indicates uncertainties that affect both the shape and normalization of the final $ m_{\ell\ell\tau\tau}^\mathrm{cons} $ distributions. Uncertainties without $ \dagger $ affect only normalization. The magnitude column indicates an approximation of the associated change in normalization. The uncertainties in each group are listed in descending order of their impact on the analysis sensitivity. |
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Table 3:
Expected and observed yields in the final selected sample. The $ \mathrm{Z}\to\mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ and $ \mathrm{Z}\to\mu\mu $ samples and all three data-taking periods are combined for the final results. Numbers are reported individually for no b-tag and b-tag categories and three analyzed di-$ \tau $ decay modes: $ \mathrm{e}\tau_\mathrm{h} $, $ \mu\tau_\mathrm{h} $, and $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $, combining $ \mathrm{Z}\to \mathrm{ee},\mu\mu $ channels and three data-taking years. Background yields and related uncertainties are obtained after performing a maximum likelihood fit to the data under a background-only hypothesis. Signal yields are computed for representative chosen mass hypotheses of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ = 250, 350, 500, and 800 GeV, by setting $ \sigma{\mathcal{B}}(\mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h}) $ to a benchmark value of 1 pb for both the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ and $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $ processes. |
| Summary |
| A search is presented for the decay of a heavy pseudoscalar boson A to a Z boson and 125 GeV Higgs boson, h, in final states with two $ \tau $ leptons and two light leptons ($ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $, $ \mu\mu $). The study is based on proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The analysis probes the gluon-gluon fusion process, $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $, and bottom quark associated production, $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $. No evidence for a signal is found in the data. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are derived on the product of the cross section and branching fraction of the $ \mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $ decay under the assumption that the scalar state h has the properties of the 125 GeV SM Higgs boson. Observed limits range from 0.049 (0.053) pb at $ m_{\mathrm{A}}= $ 1 TeV to 1.02 (0.79) pb at $ m_{\mathrm{A}}= $ 250 GeV for the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{A} $ ($ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{A} $) process. The results of the search are also interpreted in terms of constraints on $ \tan\beta $ as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{A}} $ within the $ \text{M}_{\text{h,EFT}}^{\text{125}} $ MSSM benchmark scenario. Values of $ \tan\beta $ below 2.2 are excluded at 95% CL in the mass range of 225 $ < m_{\mathrm{A}} < $ 350 GeV. The present analysis supersedes the previous search for the $ \mathrm{A}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{h} $ decay carried out by the CMS Collaboration in the $ (\mathrm{Z}\to\nu\overline{\nu}/\ell\ell)(\mathrm{h}\to\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}) $ and $ (\mathrm{Z}\to\ell\ell)(\mathrm{h}\to\tau\tau) $ channels (where $ \ell=\mathrm{e},\mu $) [22,20] on proton-proton collision data collected at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb$ ^{-1} $. |
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