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CMS-B2G-24-014 ; CERN-EP-2025-299
Search for heavy resonances decaying into two Higgs bosons in the $\mathrm{b\bar{b}}\tau^+\tau^-$ final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV
Submitted to the European Physical Journal C
Abstract: A search is presented for massive narrow-width resonances in the mass range of 1$-$4.5 TeV, decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (HH). The search uses proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC during 2016$-$2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The analysis targets final states where one Higgs boson decays into a pair of bottom quarks and the other into a pair of tau leptons, X $\to$ HH $\to$ $\mathrm{b\bar{b}}\tau^+\tau^-$. It uses a single large jet to reconstruct the H $\to$ $\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$ decay, while the H $\to$ $\tau^+\tau^-$ decay products can either be contained within a single large jet or appear as two isolated tau leptons. The observed data are consistent with standard model background expectations. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section for resonant HH production for masses between 1 and 4.5 TeV. This analysis sets the most sensitive limits to date on X $\to$ HH $\to$ $\mathrm{b\bar{b}}\tau^+\tau^-$ decays in the mass range of 1.4 to 4.5 TeV.
Figures & Tables Summary References CMS Publications
Figures

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Figure 1:
A representative diagram for the production of a spin-0 radion or a spin-2 graviton $ \mathrm{X} $, which decays into two SM Higgs bosons. One Higgs boson decays into a $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ pair and the other into a $ \tau^{+}\tau^{-} $ pair.

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Figure 2:
Distribution of the invariant mass of the di-$ \tau $ system, reconstructed with the FASTMTT algorithm, after the full event selection in the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (left) and $ \ell\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (right) channels. The data (solid circles) are compared to the background simulation (filled histograms), where the gray bands represent the total background uncertainty, obtained from the post-fit values of the dominant systematic uncertainties and the statistical uncertainties in the simulated samples. The $ \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{HH} $ signal simulation (solid red line) is overlaid and normalized to $\sigma( \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{HH} )=0.1 $ pb for illustration. The ratio between the data and the total expected background contribution is shown in the lower panel, where a solid black triangle indicates those bins where the ratio exceeds the axis range.

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Figure 2-a:
Distribution of the invariant mass of the di-$ \tau $ system, reconstructed with the FASTMTT algorithm, after the full event selection in the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (left) and $ \ell\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (right) channels. The data (solid circles) are compared to the background simulation (filled histograms), where the gray bands represent the total background uncertainty, obtained from the post-fit values of the dominant systematic uncertainties and the statistical uncertainties in the simulated samples. The $ \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{HH} $ signal simulation (solid red line) is overlaid and normalized to $\sigma( \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{HH} )=0.1 $ pb for illustration. The ratio between the data and the total expected background contribution is shown in the lower panel, where a solid black triangle indicates those bins where the ratio exceeds the axis range.

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Figure 2-b:
Distribution of the invariant mass of the di-$ \tau $ system, reconstructed with the FASTMTT algorithm, after the full event selection in the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (left) and $ \ell\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (right) channels. The data (solid circles) are compared to the background simulation (filled histograms), where the gray bands represent the total background uncertainty, obtained from the post-fit values of the dominant systematic uncertainties and the statistical uncertainties in the simulated samples. The $ \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{HH} $ signal simulation (solid red line) is overlaid and normalized to $\sigma( \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{HH} )=0.1 $ pb for illustration. The ratio between the data and the total expected background contribution is shown in the lower panel, where a solid black triangle indicates those bins where the ratio exceeds the axis range.

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Figure 3:
Distribution of $ M_{\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}})} $ obtained from the leading AK8 jet in the event after the full event selection for the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (left) and $ \ell\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (right) channels. The signal-enriched region (SR) is defined as 100 $ < M_{\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}})} < $ 150 GeV. The sideband (SB) is immediately adjacent to the SR, on either side. The data (solid circles) are compared to the background simulation (filled histograms), where the gray bands represent the total background uncertainty, obtained from the post-fit values of the dominant systematic uncertainties and the statistical uncertainties in the simulated samples. The $ \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{HH} $ signal simulation (solid red line) is overlaid and normalized to $\sigma( \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{HH} )=0.1 $ pb for illustration. The ratio between the data and the total expected background contribution is shown in the lower panel, where a solid black triangle indicates those bins where the ratio exceeds the axis range.

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Figure 3-a:
Distribution of $ M_{\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}})} $ obtained from the leading AK8 jet in the event after the full event selection for the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (left) and $ \ell\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (right) channels. The signal-enriched region (SR) is defined as 100 $ < M_{\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}})} < $ 150 GeV. The sideband (SB) is immediately adjacent to the SR, on either side. The data (solid circles) are compared to the background simulation (filled histograms), where the gray bands represent the total background uncertainty, obtained from the post-fit values of the dominant systematic uncertainties and the statistical uncertainties in the simulated samples. The $ \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{HH} $ signal simulation (solid red line) is overlaid and normalized to $\sigma( \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{HH} )=0.1 $ pb for illustration. The ratio between the data and the total expected background contribution is shown in the lower panel, where a solid black triangle indicates those bins where the ratio exceeds the axis range.

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Figure 3-b:
Distribution of $ M_{\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}})} $ obtained from the leading AK8 jet in the event after the full event selection for the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (left) and $ \ell\tau_\mathrm{h} $ (right) channels. The signal-enriched region (SR) is defined as 100 $ < M_{\mathrm{H}(\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}})} < $ 150 GeV. The sideband (SB) is immediately adjacent to the SR, on either side. The data (solid circles) are compared to the background simulation (filled histograms), where the gray bands represent the total background uncertainty, obtained from the post-fit values of the dominant systematic uncertainties and the statistical uncertainties in the simulated samples. The $ \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{HH} $ signal simulation (solid red line) is overlaid and normalized to $\sigma( \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{HH} )=0.1 $ pb for illustration. The ratio between the data and the total expected background contribution is shown in the lower panel, where a solid black triangle indicates those bins where the ratio exceeds the axis range.

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Figure 4:
Post-fit reconstructed mass distribution of resonance $ \mathrm{X} $ in the SR (left) and SB (right) after applying all selection criteria, for the sum of the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ and $ \ell\tau_\mathrm{h} $ channels. Minor background contributions are grouped into a single category labeled ``Other''. Also shown are several signal predictions in dashed colored lines for visualization only. The lower panels show the ``Pull'' defined as $ \text{(Data - Prediction)/Prediction uncertainty} $.

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Figure 4-a:
Post-fit reconstructed mass distribution of resonance $ \mathrm{X} $ in the SR (left) and SB (right) after applying all selection criteria, for the sum of the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ and $ \ell\tau_\mathrm{h} $ channels. Minor background contributions are grouped into a single category labeled ``Other''. Also shown are several signal predictions in dashed colored lines for visualization only. The lower panels show the ``Pull'' defined as $ \text{(Data - Prediction)/Prediction uncertainty} $.

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Figure 4-b:
Post-fit reconstructed mass distribution of resonance $ \mathrm{X} $ in the SR (left) and SB (right) after applying all selection criteria, for the sum of the $ \tau_\mathrm{h}\tau_\mathrm{h} $ and $ \ell\tau_\mathrm{h} $ channels. Minor background contributions are grouped into a single category labeled ``Other''. Also shown are several signal predictions in dashed colored lines for visualization only. The lower panels show the ``Pull'' defined as $ \text{(Data - Prediction)/Prediction uncertainty} $.

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Figure 5:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL on the production cross section of resonant HH production for a spin-0 (left) and spin-2 (right) narrow resonance. This calculation assumes SM branching fractions of the H boson as discussed in Section 1. The observed limits are higher than the expected limits for mass points above 2.5 TeV, primarily because of the excess of events visible in the highest bin of Fig. 4 (left).

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Figure 5-a:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL on the production cross section of resonant HH production for a spin-0 (left) and spin-2 (right) narrow resonance. This calculation assumes SM branching fractions of the H boson as discussed in Section 1. The observed limits are higher than the expected limits for mass points above 2.5 TeV, primarily because of the excess of events visible in the highest bin of Fig. 4 (left).

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Figure 5-b:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL on the production cross section of resonant HH production for a spin-0 (left) and spin-2 (right) narrow resonance. This calculation assumes SM branching fractions of the H boson as discussed in Section 1. The observed limits are higher than the expected limits for mass points above 2.5 TeV, primarily because of the excess of events visible in the highest bin of Fig. 4 (left).
Tables

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Table 1:
Summary of the dominant systematic uncertainty sources and the typical size of their inferred variation on the resonance yield. Sources with small overall impact on the analysis, such as electron or muon reconstruction and identification, are not listed in the table.
Summary
A search has been presented for heavy resonant Higgs boson pair (HH) production in the $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\tau^{+}\tau^{-} $ final state, exploring resonance masses between 1 and 4.5 TeV. The analysis is based on pp collision data collected with the CMS detector during 2016--2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $ at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. In this mass regime, the H bosons produced are boosted sufficiently to result in collimated decay products. The reconstruction and identification of such boosted objects are enhanced using advanced machine learning techniques, including a graph convolutional neural network for merged $ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $ jets and a convolutional neural network for boosted $ \tau^{+}\tau^{-} $ identification. No significant deviation from the standard model background expectation is observed, and 95% confidence level upper limits are set on the production cross section of a heavy resonance decaying to HH, evaluated independently for both spin-0 and spin-2 hypotheses. This analysis sets the most sensitive upper bounds to date on the production of $ \mathrm{X} \to \mathrm{H}\mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}\tau^{+}\tau^{-} $ in the mass range of 1.4 to 4.5 TeV.
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