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| CMS-B2G-24-009 ; CERN-EP-2026-090 | ||
| Search for a top-philic $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson decaying into a $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ pair in a final state with jets and an electron or muon in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 2 August 2026 | ||
| Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics | ||
| Abstract: A search for a top-philic $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson in a final state with jets and an electron or muon is presented. The search is based on a sample of proton-proton collision data collected at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC during 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb $^{-1} $. The top-philic $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson is produced in association with a top-antitop quark pair ( $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $) and decays into a $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ pair, as it couples exclusively to top quarks. The analysis aims to identify a heavy $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson that produces Lorentz-boosted top quarks, whose hadronic decay products are merged into large-radius jets. A machine-learning algorithm is employed to identify such jets. The distribution of the invariant mass of the two top quark candidates with the highest transverse momentum is used as the discriminant variable in a $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson mass range of 0.5--3 TeV, with intrinsic widths of 4, 10, 20, and 50% relative to its mass. The results obtained are found to be in agreement with the standard model background prediction. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section of the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson, for each of the decay widths as a function of its mass. These results represent the most stringent constraints to date on the existence of a top-philic $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2608.01251 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Feynman diagram of a top-philic $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson produced in association with a top quark pair and decaying to a top quark pair. |
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Figure 2:
Prefit distributions of $ m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }^{\text{rec}} $ for the expected background (stacked histograms), data (black points), and two $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ signal hypotheses with a mass of 1 TeV and $ \Gamma_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }/m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} } = $ 4 (solid black line) or 50% (dashed black line) for events in the electron (left) and muon (right) channels of the CR. Both signal hypotheses are normalized to a cross section of 0.1$ \text{pb}$. The hatched band in the upper panels represents the total uncertainty in the SM background expectation. The lower panels display the ratio of the data and the SM background, and the total uncertainty in the latter is shown as a grey band. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-a:
Prefit distributions of $ m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }^{\text{rec}} $ for the expected background (stacked histograms), data (black points), and two $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ signal hypotheses with a mass of 1 TeV and $ \Gamma_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }/m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} } = $ 4 (solid black line) or 50% (dashed black line) for events in the electron (left) and muon (right) channels of the CR. Both signal hypotheses are normalized to a cross section of 0.1$ \text{pb}$. The hatched band in the upper panels represents the total uncertainty in the SM background expectation. The lower panels display the ratio of the data and the SM background, and the total uncertainty in the latter is shown as a grey band. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-b:
Prefit distributions of $ m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }^{\text{rec}} $ for the expected background (stacked histograms), data (black points), and two $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ signal hypotheses with a mass of 1 TeV and $ \Gamma_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }/m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} } = $ 4 (solid black line) or 50% (dashed black line) for events in the electron (left) and muon (right) channels of the CR. Both signal hypotheses are normalized to a cross section of 0.1$ \text{pb}$. The hatched band in the upper panels represents the total uncertainty in the SM background expectation. The lower panels display the ratio of the data and the SM background, and the total uncertainty in the latter is shown as a grey band. |
png pdf |
Figure 3:
Postfit distributions of $ m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }^{\text{rec}} $ for the expected background (stacked histograms), data (black points), and two $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ signal hypotheses with a mass of 1 TeV and $ \Gamma_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }/m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} } = $ 4 (solid black line) or 50% (dashed black line) for events in the electron (left) and muon (right) channels of the SR (upper row) and CR (lower row). Both signal hypotheses are normalized to a cross section of 0.1$ \text{pb}$. The hatched band in the upper panels represents the total uncertainty in the SM background expectation. The lower panels display the ratio of the data and the SM background, and the total uncertainty in the latter is shown as a grey band. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-a:
Postfit distributions of $ m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }^{\text{rec}} $ for the expected background (stacked histograms), data (black points), and two $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ signal hypotheses with a mass of 1 TeV and $ \Gamma_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }/m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} } = $ 4 (solid black line) or 50% (dashed black line) for events in the electron (left) and muon (right) channels of the SR (upper row) and CR (lower row). Both signal hypotheses are normalized to a cross section of 0.1$ \text{pb}$. The hatched band in the upper panels represents the total uncertainty in the SM background expectation. The lower panels display the ratio of the data and the SM background, and the total uncertainty in the latter is shown as a grey band. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
Postfit distributions of $ m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }^{\text{rec}} $ for the expected background (stacked histograms), data (black points), and two $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ signal hypotheses with a mass of 1 TeV and $ \Gamma_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }/m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} } = $ 4 (solid black line) or 50% (dashed black line) for events in the electron (left) and muon (right) channels of the SR (upper row) and CR (lower row). Both signal hypotheses are normalized to a cross section of 0.1$ \text{pb}$. The hatched band in the upper panels represents the total uncertainty in the SM background expectation. The lower panels display the ratio of the data and the SM background, and the total uncertainty in the latter is shown as a grey band. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-c:
Postfit distributions of $ m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }^{\text{rec}} $ for the expected background (stacked histograms), data (black points), and two $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ signal hypotheses with a mass of 1 TeV and $ \Gamma_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }/m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} } = $ 4 (solid black line) or 50% (dashed black line) for events in the electron (left) and muon (right) channels of the SR (upper row) and CR (lower row). Both signal hypotheses are normalized to a cross section of 0.1$ \text{pb}$. The hatched band in the upper panels represents the total uncertainty in the SM background expectation. The lower panels display the ratio of the data and the SM background, and the total uncertainty in the latter is shown as a grey band. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-d:
Postfit distributions of $ m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }^{\text{rec}} $ for the expected background (stacked histograms), data (black points), and two $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ signal hypotheses with a mass of 1 TeV and $ \Gamma_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }/m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} } = $ 4 (solid black line) or 50% (dashed black line) for events in the electron (left) and muon (right) channels of the SR (upper row) and CR (lower row). Both signal hypotheses are normalized to a cross section of 0.1$ \text{pb}$. The hatched band in the upper panels represents the total uncertainty in the SM background expectation. The lower panels display the ratio of the data and the SM background, and the total uncertainty in the latter is shown as a grey band. |
png pdf |
Figure 4:
Observed (black points) and expected (dashed red line) upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{Z}^{'}} )\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{Z}^{'}} \to {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ at 95% CL as functions of the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson mass for $ \Gamma_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }/m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} } = $ 4 (upper left), 10 (upper right), 20 (lower left), and 50% (lower right), obtained combining the electron and muon channels and the 2016--2018 data-taking years. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The dashed blue line indicates the theoretical prediction at LO based on the model implementation in Ref. [44]. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-a:
Observed (black points) and expected (dashed red line) upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{Z}^{'}} )\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{Z}^{'}} \to {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ at 95% CL as functions of the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson mass for $ \Gamma_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }/m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} } = $ 4 (upper left), 10 (upper right), 20 (lower left), and 50% (lower right), obtained combining the electron and muon channels and the 2016--2018 data-taking years. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The dashed blue line indicates the theoretical prediction at LO based on the model implementation in Ref. [44]. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-b:
Observed (black points) and expected (dashed red line) upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{Z}^{'}} )\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{Z}^{'}} \to {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ at 95% CL as functions of the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson mass for $ \Gamma_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }/m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} } = $ 4 (upper left), 10 (upper right), 20 (lower left), and 50% (lower right), obtained combining the electron and muon channels and the 2016--2018 data-taking years. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The dashed blue line indicates the theoretical prediction at LO based on the model implementation in Ref. [44]. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-c:
Observed (black points) and expected (dashed red line) upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{Z}^{'}} )\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{Z}^{'}} \to {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ at 95% CL as functions of the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson mass for $ \Gamma_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }/m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} } = $ 4 (upper left), 10 (upper right), 20 (lower left), and 50% (lower right), obtained combining the electron and muon channels and the 2016--2018 data-taking years. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The dashed blue line indicates the theoretical prediction at LO based on the model implementation in Ref. [44]. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-d:
Observed (black points) and expected (dashed red line) upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{Z}^{'}} )\mathcal{B}({\mathrm{Z}^{'}} \to {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} ) $ at 95% CL as functions of the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson mass for $ \Gamma_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} }/m_{{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} } = $ 4 (upper left), 10 (upper right), 20 (lower left), and 50% (lower right), obtained combining the electron and muon channels and the 2016--2018 data-taking years. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The dashed blue line indicates the theoretical prediction at LO based on the model implementation in Ref. [44]. |
| Summary |
| A search for a top-philic $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson produced in association with a pair of top quarks and decaying into a top quark pair has been presented. It is based on a sample of proton-proton collision data collected at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV, by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb $^{-1} $. The search focuses on the single-lepton (electron or muon) channel, in association with hadronically decaying top quarks. The case of a significant mass difference between the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson and the top quark is considered, resulting in highly Lorentz-boosted top quarks reconstructed as large-radius jets using the PARTICLENET algorithm, which uses advanced machine-learning techniques to improve the signal-to-background ratio and enhances the search sensitivity. The reconstructed $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson mass is used to probe for the presence of a beyond-the-standard-model signal. The observations are consistent with standard model predictions. Exclusion limits are set on a top-philic $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson as a function of the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson mass and for widths ranging from 4 to 50% of its mass. The lower limits on the $ {\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}} {\mathrm{Z}^{'}} $ production cross section, at 95% confidence level, range between 170 and 3$ \text{fb}$ for a relative width of 4% over the mass range between 500 and 3000 GeV. For widths of 10, 20, and 50%, the ranges are 160--6, 160--9, and 110--17$ \text{fb}$, respectively, corresponding to lower limits on the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson mass of 560, 850, and 1130 GeV, respectively. These results represent the most stringent limits to date on the existence of a $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson that couples exclusively to top quarks. |
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