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| CMS-PAS-TOP-22-005 | ||
| Search for charged lepton flavor violation in the top quark sector in trilepton final states with the CMS detector at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 3 March 2023 | ||
| Abstract: A search for charged lepton flavor violation has been performed in the top quark sector through both top quark production and decay signal processes. The data were collected by the CMS experiment from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The selected events are required to contain one opposite-charge electron-muon pair, a third charged lepton (electron or muon), at least one jet, and at most one jet associated with a bottom quark. The analysis utilizes boosted decision trees to separate background processes from a possible signal. The data are found to be consistent with the standard model expectation. Observed exclusion limits are placed at the 95% confidence level on the branching ratios $ \mathrm{t} \rightarrow \mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{u} $ ($ \mathrm{t} \rightarrow \mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{c} $) of 0.023 $ \times $ 10$^{-6} $ (0.258 $ \times $ 10$^{-6} $), 0.016 $ \times $ 10$^{-6} $ (0.199 $ \times$ 10$^{-6} $), and 0.009 $ \times$ 10$^{-6} $ (0.105 $ \times$ 10$^{-6} $) for tensor, vector, and scalar interactions, respectively. This document has been revised with respect to the version dated February 27, 2023. | ||
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Links:
CDS record (PDF) ;
CADI line (restricted) ;
These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, Submitted to PRD. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Representative Feynman diagrams for the signal processes that are targeted by this analysis. Both top quark decay (left) and production (middle and right) CLFV processes are shown. The CLFV interaction vertex is colored red to indicate that it is not allowed in the SM. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-a:
Representative Feynman diagrams for the signal processes that are targeted by this analysis. Both top quark decay (left) and production (middle and right) CLFV processes are shown. The CLFV interaction vertex is colored red to indicate that it is not allowed in the SM. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-b:
Representative Feynman diagrams for the signal processes that are targeted by this analysis. Both top quark decay (left) and production (middle and right) CLFV processes are shown. The CLFV interaction vertex is colored red to indicate that it is not allowed in the SM. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-c:
Representative Feynman diagrams for the signal processes that are targeted by this analysis. Both top quark decay (left) and production (middle and right) CLFV processes are shown. The CLFV interaction vertex is colored red to indicate that it is not allowed in the SM. |
png pdf |
Figure 2:
Distributions of the leading lepton $ \eta $ (left column) and the jet multiplicity (right column). Events in the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ VR, $ \mathrm{e}\mu\ell $ VR, and $ \mu\mu\mu $ VR are shown in upper, middle, and lower row, respectively. The data are shown as filled points and the SM background predictions as histograms. The nonprompt backgrounds are estimated using a data-driven technique while other backgrounds are estimated using MC simulation. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all histograms in the right column includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-a:
Distributions of the leading lepton $ \eta $ (left column) and the jet multiplicity (right column). Events in the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ VR, $ \mathrm{e}\mu\ell $ VR, and $ \mu\mu\mu $ VR are shown in upper, middle, and lower row, respectively. The data are shown as filled points and the SM background predictions as histograms. The nonprompt backgrounds are estimated using a data-driven technique while other backgrounds are estimated using MC simulation. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all histograms in the right column includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-b:
Distributions of the leading lepton $ \eta $ (left column) and the jet multiplicity (right column). Events in the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ VR, $ \mathrm{e}\mu\ell $ VR, and $ \mu\mu\mu $ VR are shown in upper, middle, and lower row, respectively. The data are shown as filled points and the SM background predictions as histograms. The nonprompt backgrounds are estimated using a data-driven technique while other backgrounds are estimated using MC simulation. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all histograms in the right column includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-c:
Distributions of the leading lepton $ \eta $ (left column) and the jet multiplicity (right column). Events in the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ VR, $ \mathrm{e}\mu\ell $ VR, and $ \mu\mu\mu $ VR are shown in upper, middle, and lower row, respectively. The data are shown as filled points and the SM background predictions as histograms. The nonprompt backgrounds are estimated using a data-driven technique while other backgrounds are estimated using MC simulation. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all histograms in the right column includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-d:
Distributions of the leading lepton $ \eta $ (left column) and the jet multiplicity (right column). Events in the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ VR, $ \mathrm{e}\mu\ell $ VR, and $ \mu\mu\mu $ VR are shown in upper, middle, and lower row, respectively. The data are shown as filled points and the SM background predictions as histograms. The nonprompt backgrounds are estimated using a data-driven technique while other backgrounds are estimated using MC simulation. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all histograms in the right column includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-e:
Distributions of the leading lepton $ \eta $ (left column) and the jet multiplicity (right column). Events in the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ VR, $ \mathrm{e}\mu\ell $ VR, and $ \mu\mu\mu $ VR are shown in upper, middle, and lower row, respectively. The data are shown as filled points and the SM background predictions as histograms. The nonprompt backgrounds are estimated using a data-driven technique while other backgrounds are estimated using MC simulation. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all histograms in the right column includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-f:
Distributions of the leading lepton $ \eta $ (left column) and the jet multiplicity (right column). Events in the $ \mathrm{e}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{e} $ VR, $ \mathrm{e}\mu\ell $ VR, and $ \mu\mu\mu $ VR are shown in upper, middle, and lower row, respectively. The data are shown as filled points and the SM background predictions as histograms. The nonprompt backgrounds are estimated using a data-driven technique while other backgrounds are estimated using MC simulation. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all histograms in the right column includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 3:
Distributions of various variables in the SR: the leading lepton $ \eta $ (upper left), the jet multiplicity (upper right), LFV electron $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV muon $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ mass (lower left), and b-jet multiplicity (lower right). The CLFV top quark decay and production signals are shown in dotted red line and solid purple line, respectively. The original signal normalization, corresponding to $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is scaled up (down) by a factor of 3 (20) for CLFV top quark decay (production) signal for better visualization. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all but the top left and bottom right histograms includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-a:
Distributions of various variables in the SR: the leading lepton $ \eta $ (upper left), the jet multiplicity (upper right), LFV electron $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV muon $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ mass (lower left), and b-jet multiplicity (lower right). The CLFV top quark decay and production signals are shown in dotted red line and solid purple line, respectively. The original signal normalization, corresponding to $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is scaled up (down) by a factor of 3 (20) for CLFV top quark decay (production) signal for better visualization. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all but the top left and bottom right histograms includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
Distributions of various variables in the SR: the leading lepton $ \eta $ (upper left), the jet multiplicity (upper right), LFV electron $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV muon $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ mass (lower left), and b-jet multiplicity (lower right). The CLFV top quark decay and production signals are shown in dotted red line and solid purple line, respectively. The original signal normalization, corresponding to $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is scaled up (down) by a factor of 3 (20) for CLFV top quark decay (production) signal for better visualization. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all but the top left and bottom right histograms includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-c:
Distributions of various variables in the SR: the leading lepton $ \eta $ (upper left), the jet multiplicity (upper right), LFV electron $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV muon $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ mass (lower left), and b-jet multiplicity (lower right). The CLFV top quark decay and production signals are shown in dotted red line and solid purple line, respectively. The original signal normalization, corresponding to $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is scaled up (down) by a factor of 3 (20) for CLFV top quark decay (production) signal for better visualization. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all but the top left and bottom right histograms includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-d:
Distributions of various variables in the SR: the leading lepton $ \eta $ (upper left), the jet multiplicity (upper right), LFV electron $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV muon $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ mass (lower left), and b-jet multiplicity (lower right). The CLFV top quark decay and production signals are shown in dotted red line and solid purple line, respectively. The original signal normalization, corresponding to $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is scaled up (down) by a factor of 3 (20) for CLFV top quark decay (production) signal for better visualization. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all but the top left and bottom right histograms includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-e:
Distributions of various variables in the SR: the leading lepton $ \eta $ (upper left), the jet multiplicity (upper right), LFV electron $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV muon $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ mass (lower left), and b-jet multiplicity (lower right). The CLFV top quark decay and production signals are shown in dotted red line and solid purple line, respectively. The original signal normalization, corresponding to $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is scaled up (down) by a factor of 3 (20) for CLFV top quark decay (production) signal for better visualization. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all but the top left and bottom right histograms includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-f:
Distributions of various variables in the SR: the leading lepton $ \eta $ (upper left), the jet multiplicity (upper right), LFV electron $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV muon $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), LFV $ \mathrm{e}\mu $ mass (lower left), and b-jet multiplicity (lower right). The CLFV top quark decay and production signals are shown in dotted red line and solid purple line, respectively. The original signal normalization, corresponding to $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is scaled up (down) by a factor of 3 (20) for CLFV top quark decay (production) signal for better visualization. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. The last bin of all but the top left and bottom right histograms includes overflow. |
png pdf |
Figure 4:
Distributions of the BDT discriminator targeting the CLFV top quark decay (left) and production (right) signal. Contributions from CLFV top quark decay- and production-mode are combined within each SR and are shown in solid red line. The original signal normalisation, corresponding to $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is scaled up (down) by a factor of 3 (20) for CLFV top quark decay (production) enriched SR for better visualisation. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-a:
Distributions of the BDT discriminator targeting the CLFV top quark decay (left) and production (right) signal. Contributions from CLFV top quark decay- and production-mode are combined within each SR and are shown in solid red line. The original signal normalisation, corresponding to $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is scaled up (down) by a factor of 3 (20) for CLFV top quark decay (production) enriched SR for better visualisation. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-b:
Distributions of the BDT discriminator targeting the CLFV top quark decay (left) and production (right) signal. Contributions from CLFV top quark decay- and production-mode are combined within each SR and are shown in solid red line. The original signal normalisation, corresponding to $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is scaled up (down) by a factor of 3 (20) for CLFV top quark decay (production) enriched SR for better visualisation. The hatched bands indicate statistical and systematic uncertainties for the SM background predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 5:
Distributions of the posterior BDT discriminator targeting the CLFV top quark decay (left) and production (right) signal. Contributions from CLFV top quark decay- and production-mode are combined within each SR and are shown in solid red line. The original signal normalisation, corresponding to $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is scaled up (down) by a factor of 3 (20) for CLFV top quark decay (production) enriched SR for better visualisation. The hatched bands indicate posterior uncertainties (statistical and systematic) for the SM background predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
Distributions of the posterior BDT discriminator targeting the CLFV top quark decay (left) and production (right) signal. Contributions from CLFV top quark decay- and production-mode are combined within each SR and are shown in solid red line. The original signal normalisation, corresponding to $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is scaled up (down) by a factor of 3 (20) for CLFV top quark decay (production) enriched SR for better visualisation. The hatched bands indicate posterior uncertainties (statistical and systematic) for the SM background predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
Distributions of the posterior BDT discriminator targeting the CLFV top quark decay (left) and production (right) signal. Contributions from CLFV top quark decay- and production-mode are combined within each SR and are shown in solid red line. The original signal normalisation, corresponding to $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is scaled up (down) by a factor of 3 (20) for CLFV top quark decay (production) enriched SR for better visualisation. The hatched bands indicate posterior uncertainties (statistical and systematic) for the SM background predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 6:
Two-dimensional 95% CL upper limits on the Wilson coefficients (left) and the branching ratios (right). The observed (expected) upper limits for tensor-, vector-, and scalar-like CLFV interactions are shown in red, blue, and black solid (dotted) line, respectively. The shaded bands contain 68% of the distribution of expected upper limits. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-a:
Two-dimensional 95% CL upper limits on the Wilson coefficients (left) and the branching ratios (right). The observed (expected) upper limits for tensor-, vector-, and scalar-like CLFV interactions are shown in red, blue, and black solid (dotted) line, respectively. The shaded bands contain 68% of the distribution of expected upper limits. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-b:
Two-dimensional 95% CL upper limits on the Wilson coefficients (left) and the branching ratios (right). The observed (expected) upper limits for tensor-, vector-, and scalar-like CLFV interactions are shown in red, blue, and black solid (dotted) line, respectively. The shaded bands contain 68% of the distribution of expected upper limits. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of relevant dimension-6 operators considered in this analysis. The indices $ i $ and $ j $ are lepton flavor indices that run from 1 to 2 with $ i \neq j $; $ k $ and $ l $ are quark flavor indices with the condition that one of them is 3 and the other one runs from 1 to 2. |
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Table 2:
Summary of the selection criteria used to define different event regions. |
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Table 3:
Expected background contributions and the number of events observed in data collected during 2016--2018. The systematic and statistical uncertainties are added in quadrature. The CLFV signal, generated with $ C_{\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{t}\mathrm{u}}^{\text{vector}}/\Lambda^2= $ 1 TeV$^{-2} $, is also listed for reference. |
png pdf |
Table 4:
Upper limits at the 95% CL on the different CLFV signals obtained from the 2016--2018 data set. The observed and expected upper limits are shown in boldface and standard style, respectively. The intervals that contain 68% of the distribution of the expected upper limits are shown in parentheses. |
| Summary |
| This note presents results from a search for charged lepton flavor violation in both top quark production and decay signal processes. The data used were collected by the CMS experiment during 2016--2018 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. Events are selected for analysis if they contain exactly three charged leptons---one electron and one muon of opposite electric charge as well as one additional electron or muon. Events must also contain at least one jet and at most one jet associated with a bottom quark. An effective field theory approach is used for parametrizing the charged lepton flavor violating interactions. Boosted decision trees are used to distinguish a possible signal from the background expectation. No significant excess is observed over the prediction from the standard model. Upper limits are set on the branching ratios $ \mathrm{t}\rightarrow\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{u} $ ($ \mathrm{t}\rightarrow\mathrm{e}\mu\mathrm{c} $) of 0.023 $ \times$ 10$^{-6} $ (0.258 $ \times$ 10$^{-6} $), 0.016 $ \times$ 10$^{-6} $ (0.199 $ \times$ 10$^{-6} $), and 0.009 $ \times$ 10$^{-6} $ (0.105 $ \times$ 10$^{-6} $) for tensor, vector, and scalar interactions, respectively. |
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