CMS-PAS-TOP-18-002

CMS-PAS-TOP-18-002
Measurement of the cross section for $\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}$ production with additional jets and b jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV
CMS Collaboration
August 2019

Abstract: The cross sections of top quark pair production in association with a pair of jets from bottom quarks ( $\sigma_{\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}}}$ ) and in association with a pair of jets from quarks with any flavor or gluons ( $\sigma_{\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{jj}}$ ) and their ratio are measured in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with data collected in 2016 by the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb $^{-1}$ . The measurements are performed in the visible phase space in the dilepton and lepton+jets channels separately, by fitting the distribution of the b tagging discriminant variable of the two jets that do not belong to the $\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}$ decay. The $\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{jj}$ cross sections in the visible phase space in the dilepton and the lepton+jets channel are measured to be 2.36 $\pm$ 0.02 (stat) $\pm$ 0.20 (syst) pb and 31.0 $\pm$ 0.2 (stat) $\pm$ 2.9 (syst) pb, respectively. The measured cross section ratio in the visible phase space is 0.017 $\pm$ 0.001 (stat) $\pm$ 0.001(syst) for the dilepton channel, and 0.020 $\pm$ 0.001 (stat) $\pm$ 0.001 (syst) for the lepton+jets channel. The results extrapolated to the full phase space are compared with the standard model expectations obtained at next-to-leading order.
Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, JHEP 07 (2020) 125. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here.

Figures & Tables	Summary	References	CMS Publications

Figures
png pdf	Figure 1: b tagging discriminant distribution for the first (left) and second (right) additional jet for the dilepton (upper) and lepton+jets channels (lower) in decreasing order of the b tagging discriminant value after the event selection. The lower panels display the ratio of the data to the expectations. Gray areas include both statistical and systematic uncertainities.
png pdf	Figure 1-a: b tagging discriminant distribution for the first (left) and second (right) additional jet for the dilepton (upper) and lepton+jets channels (lower) in decreasing order of the b tagging discriminant value after the event selection. The lower panels display the ratio of the data to the expectations. Gray areas include both statistical and systematic uncertainities.
png pdf	Figure 1-b: b tagging discriminant distribution for the first (left) and second (right) additional jet for the dilepton (upper) and lepton+jets channels (lower) in decreasing order of the b tagging discriminant value after the event selection. The lower panels display the ratio of the data to the expectations. Gray areas include both statistical and systematic uncertainities.
png pdf	Figure 1-c: b tagging discriminant distribution for the first (left) and second (right) additional jet for the dilepton (upper) and lepton+jets channels (lower) in decreasing order of the b tagging discriminant value after the event selection. The lower panels display the ratio of the data to the expectations. Gray areas include both statistical and systematic uncertainities.
png pdf	Figure 1-d: b tagging discriminant distribution for the first (left) and second (right) additional jet for the dilepton (upper) and lepton+jets channels (lower) in decreasing order of the b tagging discriminant value after the event selection. The lower panels display the ratio of the data to the expectations. Gray areas include both statistical and systematic uncertainities.
png pdf	Figure 2: Two-dimensional distributions of the b tagging discriminant for the first and second additional jets in the dilepton channel shown separately for different flavors of the additional jet: ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}$ (upper left), ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm {j}}$ (upper right), ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{\bar{c}}}$ (below left) and ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {LF}}$ (below right). The number of entries is normalized to unity. The histograms are obtained from MC simulation (POWHEG).
png pdf	Figure 2-a: Two-dimensional distributions of the b tagging discriminant for the first and second additional jets in the dilepton channel shown separately for different flavors of the additional jet: ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}$ (upper left), ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm {j}}$ (upper right), ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{\bar{c}}}$ (below left) and ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {LF}}$ (below right). The number of entries is normalized to unity. The histograms are obtained from MC simulation (POWHEG).
png pdf	Figure 2-b: Two-dimensional distributions of the b tagging discriminant for the first and second additional jets in the dilepton channel shown separately for different flavors of the additional jet: ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}$ (upper left), ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm {j}}$ (upper right), ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{\bar{c}}}$ (below left) and ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {LF}}$ (below right). The number of entries is normalized to unity. The histograms are obtained from MC simulation (POWHEG).
png pdf	Figure 2-c: Two-dimensional distributions of the b tagging discriminant for the first and second additional jets in the dilepton channel shown separately for different flavors of the additional jet: ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}$ (upper left), ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm {j}}$ (upper right), ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{\bar{c}}}$ (below left) and ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {LF}}$ (below right). The number of entries is normalized to unity. The histograms are obtained from MC simulation (POWHEG).
png pdf	Figure 2-d: Two-dimensional distributions of the b tagging discriminant for the first and second additional jets in the dilepton channel shown separately for different flavors of the additional jet: ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}$ (upper left), ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm {j}}$ (upper right), ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{\bar{c}}}$ (below left) and ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {LF}}$ (below right). The number of entries is normalized to unity. The histograms are obtained from MC simulation (POWHEG).
png pdf	Figure 3: b tagging discriminant distribution for the first (left) and the second (right) additional jet for all the ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}$ categories in the lepton+jets channel. The number of entries in each distribution is normalized to unity.
png pdf	Figure 3-a: b tagging discriminant distribution for the first (left) and the second (right) additional jet for all the ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}$ categories in the lepton+jets channel. The number of entries in each distribution is normalized to unity.
png pdf	Figure 3-b: b tagging discriminant distribution for the first (left) and the second (right) additional jet for all the ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}$ categories in the lepton+jets channel. The number of entries in each distribution is normalized to unity.
png pdf	Figure 4: Results of the simultaneous fit for $R_{{\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}} / {\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}}$ and ${\sigma _{{\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}}}$ (denoted by the cross) in the VPS, along with its 68% and 95% CL contours, are shown for the (left) dilepton and (right) lepton+jets channels. The solid circle dot shows the prediction by POWHEG +PYTHIA 8. The uncertainties in the MC prediction are a combination of statistical, $\mu _F/\mu _R$ scale, and PDF components.
png pdf	Figure 4-a: Results of the simultaneous fit for $R_{{\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}} / {\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}}$ and ${\sigma _{{\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}}}$ (denoted by the cross) in the VPS, along with its 68% and 95% CL contours, are shown for the (left) dilepton and (right) lepton+jets channels. The solid circle dot shows the prediction by POWHEG +PYTHIA 8. The uncertainties in the MC prediction are a combination of statistical, $\mu _F/\mu _R$ scale, and PDF components.
png pdf	Figure 4-b: Results of the simultaneous fit for $R_{{\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}} / {\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}}$ and ${\sigma _{{\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}}}$ (denoted by the cross) in the VPS, along with its 68% and 95% CL contours, are shown for the (left) dilepton and (right) lepton+jets channels. The solid circle dot shows the prediction by POWHEG +PYTHIA 8. The uncertainties in the MC prediction are a combination of statistical, $\mu _F/\mu _R$ scale, and PDF components.
png pdf	Figure 5: Summary of the ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}$ and ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}$ cross sections and their ratio for the dilepton channel in the FPS (requiring jet transverse momenta of ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} >$ 30 GeV) in comparison with the theoretical predictions obtained from POWHEG and MG_aMC@NLO (5FS) interfaced with PYTHIA 8, and POWHEG interfaced with HERWIG++. All the theoretical predictions for ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}$ and ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}$ processes are normalized to $\sigma _{{\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}}}}^\text { NNLO} =$ 831.76 pb. The uncertainties in the MC predictions are a combination of statistical, $\mu _F/\mu _R$ scale, and PDF components.
png pdf	Figure 6: Summary of the ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}$ and ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}$ cross sections and their ratio for the lepton+jets channel in the FPS (requiring jet transverse momenta of ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} >$ 20 GeV) in comparison with the theoretical predictions obtained from POWHEG and MG_aMC@NLO (5FS) interfaced with PYTHIA 8, and POWHEG interfaced with HERWIG++. All the theoretical predictions for ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}$ and ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}$ processes are normalized to $\sigma _{{\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}}}}^\text {NNLO} =$ 831.76 pb. The previous measurement performed by the CMS Collaboration [21] is also shown with a rhombus marker. The uncertainties in the MC predictions are a combination of statistical, $\mu _F/\mu _R$ scale, and PDF components.

Tables
png pdf	Table 1: The definition of objects in the visible and full phase space are listed. Details of the particle-level definitions are described in the text. The symbol $\ell$ denotes a lepton ( $\mathrm {e}$ or $\mu$ ).
png pdf	Table 2: Expected and observed numbers of events in the dilepton and lepton+jets channel after applying the event selection. The results are given for the different ${\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}}}$ (+jets) categories, the individual sources of background (from MC simulation) normalized to a luminosity of 35.9 fb $^{-1}$ , and observed in data. The uncertainties quoted for each MC contribution consider all systematic uncertainties described in Section 6.
png pdf	Table 3: Summary of the individual contributions to the systematic uncertainty in the $R_{{\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}} / {\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}}$ and ${\sigma _{{\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}}}$ measurements for the VPS. The uncertainties are given as relative uncertainties.
png pdf	Table 4: The measured cross sections ${\sigma _{{\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}}}$ and ${\sigma _{{\mathrm{t} \mathrm{\bar{t}} \mathrm {jj}}}}$ , and their ratio, for the VPS and FPS, corrected for acceptance and branching fractions. In both phase space definitions, the dilepton channel requires a jet with ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} >$ 30 GeV, while a jet with ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} >$ 20 GeV is considered for the lepton+jets channel. The uncertainties in the measurements are split into their statistical and systematic components, while the uncertainties in the MC predictions are a combination of statistical, $\mu _{\rm F}/\mu _{\rm R}$ scale, and PDF components.

Summary

Measurements of the

${\mathrm{t\bar{t}}\mathrm{b\bar{b}}}$ and

${\mathrm{t\bar{t}} \text{jj}}$ cross sections and their ratio are performed independently in dilepton and lepton+jets final states using a data sample of proton-proton collisions collected at

$\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV by the CMS experiment in 2016, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb

$^{-1}$ . Leptons and particle-level jets must be in the experimentally accessible kinematic region. The inclusive

${\mathrm{t\bar{t}} \text{jj}}$ cross section and the

${\mathrm{t\bar{t}}\mathrm{b\bar{b}}}$ to

${\mathrm{t\bar{t}} \text{jj}}$ cross section ratio in the visible phase space are measured by means of a binned maximum-likelihood fit to the b tagging discriminant distribution of the additional jets, from which the inclusive

${\mathrm{t\bar{t}}\mathrm{b\bar{b}}}$ cross section measurement is inferred. The cross section ratio and the inclusive

${\mathrm{t\bar{t}} \text{jj}}$ cross section in the visible phase space are extrapolated to the full phase space after correcting for the detector acceptance.

The inclusive

${\mathrm{t\bar{t}} \text{jj}}$ cross sections in the visible phase space are measured to be 2.36

$\pm$ 0.20 pb in the dilepton channel and 31.0

$\pm$ 2.9 pb in the lepton+jets channel. The ratio of the

${\mathrm{t\bar{t}}\mathrm{b\bar{b}}}$ to

${\mathrm{t\bar{t}} \text{jj}}$ cross sections are measured to be 0.017

$\pm$ 0.002

$and$ 0.020

$\pm$ 0.002 in the dilepton and the lepton+jets channels, respectively. The treatment of the systematic uncertainties as nuisance parameters in the fit leads to an improvement in the precision compared to previous measurements. The inclusive

${\mathrm{t\bar{t}}\mathrm{b\bar{b}}}$ cross sections and the cross section ratios for both decay channels measured in the full phase space show higher results than the ones from several different Monte Carlo predictions. A higher

${\mathrm{t\bar{t}}\mathrm{b\bar{b}}}$ cross section is also reported in a recent measurement performed by the CMS Collaboration in the fully hadronic final state [22].

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