CMS-PAS-SMP-19-012

CMS-PAS-SMP-19-012
Measurements of production cross sections of same-sign WW and WZ boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
CMS Collaboration
March 2020

Abstract: Measurements of production cross sections of same-sign WW and WZ boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV at the LHC are reported. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb $^{-1}$ collected with the CMS detector during 2016-18. The measurements are performed in the leptonic decay modes $\mathrm{W}\mathrm{W} \to \ell^\pm\nu\ell'^\pm\nu$ and $\mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z} \to \ell\nu\ell'\ell'$ , where $\ell, \ell' =$ e, $\mu$ . Differential fiducial cross sections of the invariant masses of the jet and lepton pairs, as well as the leading-lepton transverse momentum are measured for WW production and found to be consistent with standard model predictions. Differential fiducial cross sections of the invariant mass of the jet pair are also measured for WZ production. An observation of electroweak production of WZ boson pairs is reported, with an observed (expected) significance of 6.8 (5.3) standard deviations. Constraints are obtained on the structure of quartic vector boson interactions in the framework of effective theory.
Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, PLB 809 (2020) 135710. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here.

Figures & Tables	Summary	References	CMS Publications

Figures
png pdf	Figure 1: Illustrative Feynman diagrams of a VBS process contributing to the EW-induced production of events containing ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ (left) and WZ (right) boson pairs decaying to leptons, and two forward jets. New physics (represented by a black circle) in the EW sector can modify the quartic gauge couplings.
png pdf	Figure 1-a: Illustrative Feynman diagram of a VBS process contributing to the EW-induced production of events containing a ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ boson pair decaying to leptons, and two forward jets. New physics (represented by a black circle) in the EW sector can modify the quartic gauge couplings.
png pdf	Figure 1-b: Illustrative Feynman diagram of a VBS process contributing to the EW-induced production of events containing a WZ boson pair decaying to leptons, and two forward jets. New physics (represented by a black circle) in the EW sector can modify the quartic gauge couplings.
png pdf	Figure 2: Distributions of ${m_{{\mathrm {j}} {\mathrm {j}}}}$ (upper left) and ${m_{\ell \ell}}$ (upper right) in the ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ SR, and the distributions of ${m_{{\mathrm {j}} {\mathrm {j}}}}$ (lower left) and BDT score (lower right) in the WZ SR. The predicted yields are shown with their best-fit normalizations from the simultaneous fit. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel in each figure shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The gray bands represent the uncertainties from the predicted yields.
png pdf	Figure 2-a: Distribution of ${m_{{\mathrm {j}} {\mathrm {j}}}}$ in the ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ SR. The predicted yields are shown with their best-fit normalizations from the simultaneous fit. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The gray bands represent the uncertainties from the predicted yields.
png pdf	Figure 2-b: Distribution of ${m_{\ell \ell}}$ in the ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ SR. The predicted yields are shown with their best-fit normalizations from the simultaneous fit. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The gray bands represent the uncertainties from the predicted yields.
png pdf	Figure 2-c: Distribution of ${m_{{\mathrm {j}} {\mathrm {j}}}}$ in the WZ SR. The predicted yields are shown with their best-fit normalizations from the simultaneous fit. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The gray bands represent the uncertainties from the predicted yields.
png pdf	Figure 2-d: Distribution of the BDT score in the WZ SR. The predicted yields are shown with their best-fit normalizations from the simultaneous fit. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The gray bands represent the uncertainties from the predicted yields.
png pdf	Figure 3: The measured absolute (left) and normalized (right) ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ fiducial cross section measurements in bins of ${m_{{\mathrm {j}} {\mathrm {j}}}}$ (upper), ${m_{\ell \ell}}$ (middle), and ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\mathrm {max}}$ (lower). The ratios of the predictions to the data are also shown. The measurements are compared to the predictions from MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO at LO. The shaded bands around the predictions correspond to the combined statistical, PDF, and scale uncertainties. The MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions including the $\mathcal {O}({\alpha _S} \alpha ^6)$ and $\mathcal {O}(\alpha ^7)$ corrections on the EW ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ process are also shown (dashed blue).
png pdf	Figure 3-a: The measured absolute ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ fiducial cross section measurements in bins of ${m_{{\mathrm {j}} {\mathrm {j}}}}$ . The ratio of the predictions to the data is also shown. The measurements are compared to the predictions from MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO at LO. The shaded bands around the predictions correspond to the combined statistical, PDF, and scale uncertainties. The MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions including the $\mathcal {O}({\alpha _S} \alpha ^6)$ and $\mathcal {O}(\alpha ^7)$ corrections on the EW ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ process are also shown (dashed blue).
png pdf	Figure 3-b: The measured normalized ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ fiducial cross section measurements in bins of ${m_{{\mathrm {j}} {\mathrm {j}}}}$ . The ratio of the predictions to the data is also shown. The measurements are compared to the predictions from MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO at LO. The shaded bands around the predictions correspond to the combined statistical, PDF, and scale uncertainties. The MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions including the $\mathcal {O}({\alpha _S} \alpha ^6)$ and $\mathcal {O}(\alpha ^7)$ corrections on the EW ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ process are also shown (dashed blue).
png pdf	Figure 3-c: The measured absolute ${m_{\ell \ell}}$ . The ratio of the predictions to the data is also shown. The measurements are compared to the predictions from MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO at LO. The shaded bands around the predictions correspond to the combined statistical, PDF, and scale uncertainties. The MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions including the $\mathcal {O}({\alpha _S} \alpha ^6)$ and $\mathcal {O}(\alpha ^7)$ corrections on the EW ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ process are also shown (dashed blue).
png pdf	Figure 3-d: The measured normalized ${m_{\ell \ell}}$ . The ratio of the predictions to the data is also shown. The measurements are compared to the predictions from MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO at LO. The shaded bands around the predictions correspond to the combined statistical, PDF, and scale uncertainties. The MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions including the $\mathcal {O}({\alpha _S} \alpha ^6)$ and $\mathcal {O}(\alpha ^7)$ corrections on the EW ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ process are also shown (dashed blue).
png pdf	Figure 3-e: The measured absolute ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\mathrm {max}}$ . The ratio of the predictions to the data is also shown. The measurements are compared to the predictions from MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO at LO. The shaded bands around the predictions correspond to the combined statistical, PDF, and scale uncertainties. The MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions including the $\mathcal {O}({\alpha _S} \alpha ^6)$ and $\mathcal {O}(\alpha ^7)$ corrections on the EW ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ process are also shown (dashed blue).
png pdf	Figure 3-f: The measured normalized ${p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\mathrm {max}}$ . The ratio of the predictions to the data is also shown. The measurements are compared to the predictions from MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO at LO. The shaded bands around the predictions correspond to the combined statistical, PDF, and scale uncertainties. The MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions including the $\mathcal {O}({\alpha _S} \alpha ^6)$ and $\mathcal {O}(\alpha ^7)$ corrections on the EW ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ process are also shown (dashed blue).
png pdf	Figure 4: The measured absolute (left) and normalized (right) WZ fiducial cross section measurements in bins of ${m_{{\mathrm {j}} {\mathrm {j}}}}$ . The shaded bands around the predictions correspond to the combined statistical, PDF, and scale uncertainties. The ratios of the predictions to the data are also shown. The measurement is compared to the predictions from MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO at LOThe MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions including the $\mathcal {O}({\alpha _S} \alpha ^6)$ and $\mathcal {O}(\alpha ^7)$ corrections on the EW WZ process are shown (dark cyan). The MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions for the EW total fiducial cross sections are also shown (dashed blue).
png pdf	Figure 4-a: The measured absolute WZ fiducial cross section measurements in bins of ${m_{{\mathrm {j}} {\mathrm {j}}}}$ . The shaded bands around the predictions correspond to the combined statistical, PDF, and scale uncertainties. The ratios of the predictions to the data are also shown. The measurement is compared to the predictions from MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO at LOThe MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions including the $\mathcal {O}({\alpha _S} \alpha ^6)$ and $\mathcal {O}(\alpha ^7)$ corrections on the EW WZ process are shown (dark cyan). The MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions for the EW total fiducial cross sections are also shown (dashed blue).
png pdf	Figure 4-b: The measured normalized WZ fiducial cross section measurements in bins of ${m_{{\mathrm {j}} {\mathrm {j}}}}$ . The shaded bands around the predictions correspond to the combined statistical, PDF, and scale uncertainties. The ratios of the predictions to the data are also shown. The measurement is compared to the predictions from MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO at LOThe MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions including the $\mathcal {O}({\alpha _S} \alpha ^6)$ and $\mathcal {O}(\alpha ^7)$ corrections on the EW WZ process are shown (dark cyan). The MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions for the EW total fiducial cross sections are also shown (dashed blue).
png pdf	Figure 5: Distributions of ${m_{\mathrm {T}}} (\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W})$ (left) in the ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ SR and ${m_{\mathrm {T}}} (\mathrm{W} \mathrm{Z})$ (right) in the WZ SR. The gray bands include uncertainties from the predicted yields. The SM predicted yields are shown with their best-fit normalizations from the corresponding fits. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel in each figure shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The solid lines show the signal predictions for two aQGC parameters.
png pdf	Figure 5-a: Distribution of ${m_{\mathrm {T}}} (\mathrm{W} \mathrm{W})$ in the ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ SR. The gray bands include uncertainties from the predicted yields. The SM predicted yields are shown with their best-fit normalizations from the corresponding fits. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The solid lines show the signal predictions for two aQGC parameters.
png pdf	Figure 5-b: Distribution of ${m_{\mathrm {T}}} (\mathrm{W} \mathrm{Z})$ in the WZ SR. The gray bands include uncertainties from the predicted yields. The SM predicted yields are shown with their best-fit normalizations from the corresponding fits. The overflow is included in the last bin. The bottom panel shows the ratio of the number of events observed in data to that of the total SM prediction. The solid lines show the signal predictions for two aQGC parameters.

Tables
png pdf	Table 1: Summary of the selection requirements defining the ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ and WZ SRs. The looser lepton ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ requirement on the WZ selection refers to the trailing lepton from the Z boson decays.
png pdf	Table 2: Relative systematic uncertainties in the EW ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ and WZ fiducial cross section measurements in units of percent.
png pdf	Table 3: The list and detailed description of all the input variables used in the BDT analysis.
png pdf	Table 4: Expected yields from various SM processes and observed data events in ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ and WZ SRs. The combination of the statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown. The expected yields are shown before the fit to the data (pre-fit) and with their best-fit normalizations from the simultaneous fit (post-fit). The pre-fit uncertainties consider the expected values before the simultaneous fit to the data.
png pdf	Table 5: The measured inclusive fiducial cross sections for the EW ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ , EW+QCD ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ , EW WZ, EW+QCD WZ, and QCD WZ processes and the theory predictions with $MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO$ at LO. EW processes including the corresponding interference contributions. The theoretical uncertainties include statistical, PDF, and scale uncertainties. The MadGraph 5_aMC@NLO predictions including the $\mathcal {O}({\alpha _S} \alpha ^6)$ and $\mathcal {O}(\alpha ^7)$ corrections on the EW ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ and WZ processes are also shown. The predictions of the QCD ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ and WZ processes do not include additional corrections. All reported values are in fb.
png pdf	Table 6: Observed and expected lower and upper 95% CL limits on the parameters of the quartic operators T0, T1, T2, M0, M1, M6, M7, S0, and S1 in ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ and WZ channels, obtained without using any unitarization procedure. The last two columns show the observed and expected limits for the combination of the ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ and WZ channels.
png pdf	Table 7: Observed and expected lower and upper 95% CL limits on the parameters of the quartic operators T0, T1, T2, M0, M1, M6, M7, S0, and S1 in ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ and WZ channels by cutting the EFT expansion at the unitarity limit. The last two columns show the observed and expected limits for the combination of the ${\mathrm{W} ^\pm \mathrm{W} ^\pm}$ and WZ channels.

Summary

Measurements of production cross sections of same-sign

${\mathrm{W}^\pm\mathrm{W}^\pm}$ and

${\mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z}}$ boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV were reported. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb

$^{-1}$ collected with the CMS detector during 2016-18. The measurements are performed in the leptonic decay modes

${\mathrm{W}^\pm\mathrm{W}^\pm} \to \ell^\pm\nu\ell'^\pm\nu$ and

${\mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z}} \to \ell\nu\ell'\ell'$ , where

$\ell, \ell' =$ e,

$\mu$ . An observation of electroweak production of WZ boson pairs is reported with an observed (expected) significance of 6.8 (5.3) standard deviations. Differential fiducial cross sections of the invariant masses of the jet and lepton pairs as well as the leading lepton transverse momentum are measured for the

${\mathrm{W}^\pm\mathrm{W}^\pm}$ production and found to be consistent with standard model predictions. The differential fiducial cross section of the invariant mass of the jet pair is also measured for the WZ production. Constraints are set, with and without consideration of the tree level unitarity violation, on the structure of quartic vector boson interactions in the framework of the effective field theory. Stringent limits on the dimension-8 operators T0, T1, T2, M0, M1, M6, M7, S0, and S1 are set, including considerations of the tree level unitarity violation.

References
1	ATLAS Collaboration	Observation of a new particle in the search for the standard model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC	PLB 716 (2012) 1	1207.7214
2	CMS Collaboration	Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC	PLB 716 (2012) 30	CMS-HIG-12-028 1207.7235
3	CMS Collaboration	Observation of a new boson with mass near 125 GeV in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 and 8 TeV	JHEP 06 (2013) 081	CMS-HIG-12-036 1303.4571
4	F. Englert and R. Brout	Broken symmetry and the mass of gauge vector mesons	PRL 13 (1964) 321
5	P. W. Higgs	Broken symmetries, massless particles and gauge fields	PL12 (1964) 132
6	P. W. Higgs	Broken symmetries and the masses of gauge bosons	PRL 13 (1964) 508
7	G. S. Guralnik, C. R. Hagen, and T. W. B. Kibble	Global conservation laws and massless particles	PRL 13 (1964) 585
8	P. W. Higgs	Spontaneous symmetry breakdown without massless bosons	PR145 (1966) 1156
9	T. W. B. Kibble	Symmetry breaking in non-Abelian gauge theories	PR155 (1967) 1554
10	D. Espriu and B. Yencho	Longitudinal $\mathrm{W}\mathrm{W}$ scattering in light of the Higgs boson discovery	PRD 87 (2013) 055017	1212.4158
11	J. Chang, K. Cheung, C.-T. Lu, and T.-C. Yuan	$\mathrm{W}\mathrm{W}$ scattering in the era of post-Higgs-boson discovery	PRD 87 (2013) 093005	1303.6335
12	O. J. P. \'Eboli, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, and J. K. Mizukoshi	$pp \to j j e^{\pm} \mu^{\pm} \nu \nu$ and $j j e^{\pm} \mu^{\mp} \nu \nu$ at $\mathcal{O}(\alpha_\textrm{em}^{6})$ and $\mathcal{O}(\alpha_\textrm{em}^4 \alpha_\textrm{s}^2)$ for the study of the quartic electroweak gauge boson vertex at CERN LHC	PRD 74 (2006) 073005	hep-ph/0606118
13	CMS Collaboration	CMS luminosity measurement for the 2016 data-taking period	CMS-PAS-LUM-15-001	CMS-PAS-LUM-15-001
14	CMS Collaboration	CMS luminosity measurement for the 2017 data-taking period at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV	CMS-PAS-LUM-17-004	CMS-PAS-LUM-17-004
15	CMS Collaboration	CMS luminosity measurement for the 2018 data-taking period at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV	CMS-PAS-LUM-18-002	CMS-PAS-LUM-18-002
16	CMS Collaboration	The CMS Experiment at the CERN LHC	JINST 3 (2008) S08004	CMS-00-001
17	CMS Collaboration	Study of vector boson scattering and search for new physics in events with two same-sign leptons and two jets	PRL 114 (2015) 051801	CMS-SMP-13-015 1410.6315
18	ATLAS Collaboration	Evidence for Electroweak Production of $W^{\pm}W^{\pm}jj$ in $pp$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV with the ATLAS Detector	PRL 113 (2014) 141803	1405.6241
19	CMS Collaboration	Observation of electroweak production of same-sign W boson pairs in the two jet and two same-sign lepton final state in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV	PRL 120 (2018) 081801	CMS-SMP-17-004 1709.05822
20	ATLAS Collaboration	Observation of electroweak production of a same-sign $W$ boson pair in association with two jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector	PRL 123 (2019) 161801	1906.03203
21	ATLAS Collaboration	Measurements of $\mathrm{W}^\pm \mathrm{Z}$ production cross sections in ${\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous gauge boson self-couplings	PRD 93 (2016) 092004	1603.02151
22	CMS Collaboration	Measurement of electroweak WZ boson production and search for new physics in WZ + two jets events in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13TeV	PLB 795 (2019) 281	CMS-SMP-18-001 1901.04060
23	ATLAS Collaboration	Observation of electroweak $W^{\pm}Z$ boson pair production in association with two jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector	PLB 793 (2019) 469	1812.09740
24	ATLAS Collaboration	Search for anomalous electroweak production of $\mathrm{W}\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{W}\mathrm{Z}$ in association with a high-mass dijet system in ${\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector	PRD 95 (2017) 032001	1609.05122
25	CMS Collaboration	Search for anomalous electroweak production of vector boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV	PLB 798 (2019) 134985	CMS-SMP-18-006 1905.07445
26	ATLAS Collaboration	Search for the electroweak diboson production in association with a high-mass dijet system in semileptonic final states in ${\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{p}}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector	PRD 100 (2019) 032007	1905.07714
27	CMS Collaboration	The CMS trigger system	JINST 12 (2017) P01020	CMS-TRG-12-001 1609.02366
28	J. Alwall et al.	The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations	JHEP 07 (2014) 079	1405.0301
29	J. Alwall et al.	MadGraph 5: going beyond	JHEP 06 (2011) 128	1106.0522
30	R. Frederix and S. Frixione	Merging meets matching in MC@NLO	JHEP 12 (2012) 061	1209.6215
31	J. Alwall et al.	Comparative study of various algorithms for the merging of parton showers and matrix elements in hadronic collisions	EPJC 53 (2008) 473	0706.2569
32	B. Biedermann, A. Denner, and M. Pellen	Large electroweak corrections to vector boson scattering at the Large Hadron Collider	PRL 118 (2017) 261801	1611.02951
33	B. Biedermann, A. Denner, and M. Pellen	Complete NLO corrections to W $^{+}$ W $^{+}$ scattering and its irreducible background at the LHC	JHEP 10 (2017) 124	1708.00268
34	A. Denner et al.	QCD and electroweak corrections to WZ scattering at the LHC	JHEP 06 (2019) 067	1904.00882
35	M. Grazzini, S. Kallweit, D. Rathlev, and M. Wiesemann	$\mathrm{W}^{\pm}\mathrm{Z}$ production at hadron colliders in NNLO QCD	PLB 761 (2016) 179	1604.08576
36	S. Frixione and B. R. Webber	Matching NLO QCD computations and parton shower simulations	JHEP 06 (2002) 029	hep-ph/0204244
37	P. Nason	A new method for combining NLO QCD with shower Monte Carlo algorithms	JHEP 11 (2004) 040	hep-ph/0409146
38	S. Frixione, P. Nason, and C. Oleari	Matching NLO QCD computations with parton shower simulations: the POWHEG method	JHEP 11 (2007) 070	0709.2092
39	S. Alioli, P. Nason, C. Oleari, and E. Re	NLO vector-boson production matched with shower in POWHEG	JHEP 07 (2008) 060	0805.4802
40	S. Alioli, P. Nason, C. Oleari, and E. Re	A general framework for implementing NLO calculations in shower Monte Carlo programs: the POWHEG BOX	JHEP 06 (2010) 043	1002.2581
41	CMS Collaboration	Measurement of the associated production of a single top quark and a Z boson in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV	PLB 779 (2018) 358	CMS-TOP-16-020 1712.02825
42	NNPDF Collaboration	Parton distributions for the LHC Run II	JHEP 04 (2015) 040	1410.8849
43	NNPDF Collaboration	Parton distributions from high-precision collider data	EPJC 77 (2017) 663	1706.00428
44	T. Sjostrand, S. Mrenna, and P. Z. Skands	A brief introduction to PYTHIA 8.1	CPC 178 (2008) 852	0710.3820
45	P. Skands, S. Carrazza, and J. Rojo	Tuning PYTHIA 8.1: the Monash 2013 tune	EPJC 74 (2014) 3024	1404.5630
46	CMS Collaboration	Event generator tunes obtained from underlying event and multiparton scattering measurements	EPJC 76 (2016) 155	CMS-GEN-14-001 1512.00815
47	CMS Collaboration	Extraction and validation of a new set of CMS PYTHIA8 tunes from underlying-event measurements	EPJC 80 (2020), no. 1, 4	CMS-GEN-17-001 1903.12179
48	\GEANTfour Collaboration	GEANT4 --- a simulation toolkit	NIMA 506 (2003) 250
49	CMS Collaboration	Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector	JINST 12 (2017) P10003	CMS-PRF-14-001 1706.04965
50	M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam, and G. Soyez	The anti- ${k_{\mathrm{T}}}$ jet clustering algorithm	JHEP 04 (2008) 063	0802.1189
51	CMS Collaboration	Jet energy scale and resolution in the CMS experiment in pp collisions at 8 TeV	JINST 12 (2017) P02014	CMS-JME-13-004 1607.03663
52	CMS Collaboration	Pileup removal algorithms	CMS-PAS-JME-14-001	CMS-PAS-JME-14-001
53	CMS Collaboration	Performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV using the CMS detector	JINST 14 (2019), no. 07, P07004	CMS-JME-17-001 1903.06078
54	M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam, and G. Soyez	FastJet user manual	EPJC 72 (2012) 1896	1111.6097
55	CMS Collaboration	Identification of heavy-flavour jets with the CMS detector in pp collisions at 13 TeV	JINST 13 (2018) P05011	CMS-BTV-16-002 1712.07158
56	CMS Collaboration	Performance of electron reconstruction and selection with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV	JINST 10 (2015) P06005	CMS-EGM-13-001 1502.02701
57	CMS Collaboration	Performance of the CMS muon detector and muon reconstruction with proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV	JINST 13 (2018) P06015	CMS-MUO-16-001 1804.04528
58	CMS Collaboration	Measurements of properties of the Higgs boson decaying to a W boson pair in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV	PLB 791 (2019) 96	CMS-HIG-16-042 1806.05246
59	Particle Data Group Collaboration	Review of particle physics	PRD 98 (2018) 030001
60	D. L. Rainwater, R. Szalapski, and D. Zeppenfeld	Probing color singlet exchange in $Z$ + two jet events at the CERN LHC	PRD 54 (1996) 6680	hep-ph/9605444
61	ATLAS Collaboration	Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC	PRL 117 (2016) 182002	1606.02625
62	CMS Collaboration	Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV	JHEP 07 (2018) 161	CMS-FSQ-15-005 1802.02613
63	J. Butterworth et al.	PDF4LHC recommendations for LHC run II	JPG 43 (2016) 023001	1510.03865
64	A. Hoecker and others	Tmva - toolkit for multivariate data analysis		0703.0039
65	T. Junk	Confidence level computation for combining searches with small statistics	NIMA 434 (1999) 435	hep-ex/9902006
66	A. L. Read	Presentation of search results: the CL $_{s}$ technique	JPG 28 (2002) 2693
67	G. Cowan, K. Cranmer, E. Gross, and O. Vitells	Asymptotic formulae for likelihood-based tests of new physics	EPJC 71 (2011) 1554	1007.1727
68	C. Degrande et al.	Effective field theory: A modern approach to anomalous couplings	Ann. Phys. 335 (2013) 21	1205.4231
69	J. Kalinowski et al.	Same-sign WW scattering at the LHC: can we discover BSM effects before discovering new states?	EPJC 78 (2018) 403	1802.02366
70	K. Arnold et al.	VBFNLO: A Parton level Monte Carlo for processes with electroweak bosons	CPC 180 (2009) 1661	0811.4559
71	J. Baglio et al.	VBFNLO: A Parton Level Monte Carlo for Processes with Electroweak Bosons -- Manual for Version 2.7.0		1107.4038
72	J. Baglio et al.	Release Note - VBFNLO 2.7.0		1404.3940