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| CMS-PAS-HIN-23-001 | ||
| Groomed jet radius and girth of jets recoiling against isolated photons in PbPb and pp collisions at 5.02 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 13 August 2023 | ||
| Abstract: We report the first measurements of the groomed jet radius and the girth of jets in events with an isolated photon recoiling from a jet in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at the LHC. The analysis uses pp and PbPb data samples collected with the CMS detector in 2017 and 2018, both at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV, with integrated luminosities of 301 pb$^{-1}$ and 1.7 nb$^{-1}$, respectively. Measurements of inclusive jets point to a narrowing of the structure of jets in PbPb collisions relative to pp collisions. A limitation of such measurements is that the comparison is done at the same reconstructed jet transverse momentum, meaning the scattered parton transverse momentum $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ in pp and PbPb collisions differs due to the jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ loss that happens in the latter case. Since photons do not interact strongly with the quark gluon plasma (QGP), their $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ can be used instead as a proxy of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the parton that initiates the recoiling jet shower. We find that jets that more closely balance the photon $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ are narrower in PbPb than in pp collisions. On the other hand, jets that balance less the photon $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ have an angular structure consistent with the pp reference for the same photon energy. Our measurement indicates, with high confidence, that isolated photons in conjunction with jets provide a better controlled assessment of the modification of the angular scale of jets and of its sensitivity to microscopic properties of the QGP relative to inclusive jet measurements. | ||
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These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, Submitted to PLB. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Schematic diagram of the potential selection bias due to jet energy loss by selecting jets based on the measured jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $. Broader structures are expected to be more quenched (red line, thicker arrow), whereas narrower structures are expected to be quenched less (blue line, thinner arrow). This can lead to a preferential selection of narrow jets in a given jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ interval, as indicated by the vertical rectangular box. The dashed line represents the jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ spectra in absence of jet quenching effects. |
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Figure 2:
Jet girth $ g $ (left plot) and groomed jet radius $ R_{\mathrm{g}} $ (right plot) of jets recoiling from energetic isolated photons in pp collisions for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{lead\,jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma} > $ 0.4. The upper panels in a given plot show the comparison of the observable in pp collisions and predictions from MC simulated events (for references see text). The lower panels in a given plot show the corresponding ratios of the MC calculations and CMS data. The bands represent the total uncertainties, whereas the vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-a:
Jet girth $ g $ (left plot) and groomed jet radius $ R_{\mathrm{g}} $ (right plot) of jets recoiling from energetic isolated photons in pp collisions for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{lead\,jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma} > $ 0.4. The upper panels in a given plot show the comparison of the observable in pp collisions and predictions from MC simulated events (for references see text). The lower panels in a given plot show the corresponding ratios of the MC calculations and CMS data. The bands represent the total uncertainties, whereas the vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-b:
Jet girth $ g $ (left plot) and groomed jet radius $ R_{\mathrm{g}} $ (right plot) of jets recoiling from energetic isolated photons in pp collisions for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{lead\,jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma} > $ 0.4. The upper panels in a given plot show the comparison of the observable in pp collisions and predictions from MC simulated events (for references see text). The lower panels in a given plot show the corresponding ratios of the MC calculations and CMS data. The bands represent the total uncertainties, whereas the vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
png pdf |
Figure 3:
Jet girth $ g $ (left plot) and groomed jet radius $ R_{\mathrm{g}} $ (right plot) of jets recoiling from energetic isolated photons in pp collisions for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{lead\,jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma} > $ 0.8. The upper panels in a given plot show the comparison of the observable in pp collisions and predictions from MC simulated events (for references see text). The lower panels in a given plot show the corresponding ratios of the MC calculations and CMS data. The bands represent the total experimental uncertainties, whereas the vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-a:
Jet girth $ g $ (left plot) and groomed jet radius $ R_{\mathrm{g}} $ (right plot) of jets recoiling from energetic isolated photons in pp collisions for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{lead\,jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma} > $ 0.8. The upper panels in a given plot show the comparison of the observable in pp collisions and predictions from MC simulated events (for references see text). The lower panels in a given plot show the corresponding ratios of the MC calculations and CMS data. The bands represent the total experimental uncertainties, whereas the vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
Jet girth $ g $ (left plot) and groomed jet radius $ R_{\mathrm{g}} $ (right plot) of jets recoiling from energetic isolated photons in pp collisions for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{lead\,jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma} > $ 0.8. The upper panels in a given plot show the comparison of the observable in pp collisions and predictions from MC simulated events (for references see text). The lower panels in a given plot show the corresponding ratios of the MC calculations and CMS data. The bands represent the total experimental uncertainties, whereas the vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. |
png pdf |
Figure 4:
Jet girth $ g $ (left plot) and and groomed jet radius $ R_{\mathrm{g}} $ (right plot) of jets recoiling from isolated photons in PbPb and pp collisions for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{lead\,jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma} > $ 0.4 (selecting quenched and less quenched jets). Top panels: comparison of the observable in PbPb and pp collisions. Lower panels: Ratio of the PbPb to pp measurement compared to MC Hybrid predictions (for references see text). The bands represent the total uncertainties, whereas the vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. The uncertainties in the ratio plot are propagated in an uncorrelated way bin-by-bin. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-a:
Jet girth $ g $ (left plot) and and groomed jet radius $ R_{\mathrm{g}} $ (right plot) of jets recoiling from isolated photons in PbPb and pp collisions for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{lead\,jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma} > $ 0.4 (selecting quenched and less quenched jets). Top panels: comparison of the observable in PbPb and pp collisions. Lower panels: Ratio of the PbPb to pp measurement compared to MC Hybrid predictions (for references see text). The bands represent the total uncertainties, whereas the vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. The uncertainties in the ratio plot are propagated in an uncorrelated way bin-by-bin. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-b:
Jet girth $ g $ (left plot) and and groomed jet radius $ R_{\mathrm{g}} $ (right plot) of jets recoiling from isolated photons in PbPb and pp collisions for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{lead\,jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma} > $ 0.4 (selecting quenched and less quenched jets). Top panels: comparison of the observable in PbPb and pp collisions. Lower panels: Ratio of the PbPb to pp measurement compared to MC Hybrid predictions (for references see text). The bands represent the total uncertainties, whereas the vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. The uncertainties in the ratio plot are propagated in an uncorrelated way bin-by-bin. |
png pdf |
Figure 5:
Jet girth $ g $ (left plot) and and groomed jet radius $ R_{\mathrm{g}} $ (right plot) of jets recoiling from isolated photons in PbPb and pp collisions for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{lead\,jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma} > $ 0.8 (selecting less quenched jets). Top panels: comparison of the observable in PbPb and pp collisions. Lower panels: Ratio of the PbPb to pp measurement compared to MC Hybrid predictions (for references see text). The bands represent the total uncertainties, whereas the vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. The uncertainties in the ratio plot are propagated in an uncorrelated way bin-by-bin. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
Jet girth $ g $ (left plot) and and groomed jet radius $ R_{\mathrm{g}} $ (right plot) of jets recoiling from isolated photons in PbPb and pp collisions for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{lead\,jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma} > $ 0.8 (selecting less quenched jets). Top panels: comparison of the observable in PbPb and pp collisions. Lower panels: Ratio of the PbPb to pp measurement compared to MC Hybrid predictions (for references see text). The bands represent the total uncertainties, whereas the vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. The uncertainties in the ratio plot are propagated in an uncorrelated way bin-by-bin. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
Jet girth $ g $ (left plot) and and groomed jet radius $ R_{\mathrm{g}} $ (right plot) of jets recoiling from isolated photons in PbPb and pp collisions for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\mathrm{lead\,jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\gamma} > $ 0.8 (selecting less quenched jets). Top panels: comparison of the observable in PbPb and pp collisions. Lower panels: Ratio of the PbPb to pp measurement compared to MC Hybrid predictions (for references see text). The bands represent the total uncertainties, whereas the vertical bars represent the statistical uncertainties. The uncertainties in the ratio plot are propagated in an uncorrelated way bin-by-bin. |
| Summary |
| In summary, we reported the first measurement of the distribution of the groomed jet radius $ R_{\mathrm{g}} $ and girth $ g $ of jets in events with an isolated photon recoiling from a jet in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions. The analysis uses pp and PbPb data collected by the CMS experiment in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The pp and PbPb data samples, both at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV, correspond to integrated luminosities of 301 pb$ ^{-1} $ and 1.7 nb$ ^{-1} $, respectively. The distributions are unfolded to the level of stable particles in order to facilitate comparisons between experiments and theoretical predictions. The transverse momentum of isolated photons $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\gamma $ can be used as a proxy for the momentum of the high-virtuality parton that initiates the shower of the recoiling jet. This enables us to better disentangle the potential modification of the momentum and angular substructure of jets due to the interactions with the medium from the selection bias effects that can originate from jet energy loss. By controlling the selection bias due to the jet energy loss via $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^\gamma > $ 0.4 with $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\gamma > $ 100 GeV for both pp and central PbPb collisions, we observe no narrowing of the angular substructure of jets produced in PbPb collisions relative to those produced in pp collisions. The level of the residual selection bias depends on the weight of the topologies in which the recoiling jet is quenched more strongly and thus is not reconstructed. By selecting less quenched jets via $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\text{jet}/p_{\mathrm{T}}^\gamma > $ 0.8, we observe a narrowing of the substructure of jets in PbPb collisions relative to pp collisions. This suggests that selection bias effects play an important role in the interpretation of the modification of the angular scales of jets in terms of medium-induced effects. Our results are compared to a state-of-the-art hybrid model calculations for jet quenching, showing the ability of the data to constrain the building blocks of the shower in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium. Jet quenching is usually assessed by comparing jets and their substructure at the same reconstructed transverse momentum in pp and PbPb collisions, which in the latter case, corresponds to the energy of the jet after the interactions with the QGP. Those interactions are expected to broaden and degrade the energy of the jet shower. As a result, for a given jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ selection, a selection bias can impact the comparison and lead to an effective narrowing of the distributions in PbPb collisions: the selected jet sample potentially consists of narrow jets that are less quenched while the subsample of broader and more strongly quenched jets has migrated to lower jet energies. Thus, using events with high $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jets recoiling from isolated photons can be used to better constrain genuine medium modifications of the jet shower by controlling the jet energy loss with $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^\gamma $, complementing measurements in inclusive jet production. |
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