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| CMS-PAS-HIN-21-014 | ||
| Constraining bottom quark energy loss and hadronization with B$^{+}$ and B$^{0}_{\mathrm{s}}$ nuclear modification factors in pp and PbPb collisions at 5.02 TeV with CMS | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 18 September 2023 | ||
| Abstract: The CMS Collaboration reports on the production yields of B$^{0}_{\mathrm{s}}$ and B$^{+}$ mesons in proton-proton (pp) collisions recorded in 2017 at the CERN LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. Utilizing an integrated luminosity of 302.3 pb$^{-1}$, the analysis focuses on the exclusive decay channels $\mathrm{B}^0_{\mathrm{s}} \to \mathrm{J}/\psi (\mu^+\mu^-)\,\phi ({\mathrm{K}}^+ {\mathrm{K}}^-)$ and $\mathrm{B}^+ \to \mathrm{J}/\psi (\mu^+\mu^-)\,\mathrm{K}^{+}$ in a transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) range of 7-50 GeV/$c$ and a rapidity interval $|y| < 2.4$. The measured $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-differential cross sections of B$^{+}$ and B$^{0}_{\mathrm{s}}$ in pp collisions are well-described by fixed-order plus next-to-leading logarithm calculations. Combining with the previous measurements in lead-lead collisions at the same center of mass, we measure the nuclear modification factor, $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$, of the B$^{+}$ mesons. The $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$ of B$^{+}$ is significantly lower than unity, while B$^{0}_{\mathrm{s}}$ data hint at a larger $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$ than that of B$^{+}$. The B$^{+}$ $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$ is compatible with the $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$ of charged hadrons and D$^0$ mesons in the intermediate $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ region, while a hint of a smaller suppression is observed for $p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 10 GeV/$c$. The $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$ data from B$^{+}$ and B$^{0}_{\mathrm{s}}$ are also compared to theoretical calculations, providing constraints on the mechanism of beauty quark energy loss and hadronization in the quark-gluon plasma. | ||
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Links:
CDS record (PDF) ;
CADI line (restricted) ;
These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, Submitted to JHEP. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
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| Figures | |
png pdf |
Figure 1:
Invariant mass distributions of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ (right) candidates, for the lowest (upper) and highest (lower) $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bins in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 5.02 TeV. The lower panels show the pulls, calculated as the difference between the data points and the fit result, divided by the uncertainty in data. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-a:
Invariant mass distributions of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ (right) candidates, for the lowest (upper) and highest (lower) $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bins in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 5.02 TeV. The lower panels show the pulls, calculated as the difference between the data points and the fit result, divided by the uncertainty in data. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-b:
Invariant mass distributions of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ (right) candidates, for the lowest (upper) and highest (lower) $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bins in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 5.02 TeV. The lower panels show the pulls, calculated as the difference between the data points and the fit result, divided by the uncertainty in data. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-c:
Invariant mass distributions of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ (right) candidates, for the lowest (upper) and highest (lower) $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bins in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 5.02 TeV. The lower panels show the pulls, calculated as the difference between the data points and the fit result, divided by the uncertainty in data. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-d:
Invariant mass distributions of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ (right) candidates, for the lowest (upper) and highest (lower) $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bins in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 5.02 TeV. The lower panels show the pulls, calculated as the difference between the data points and the fit result, divided by the uncertainty in data. |
png pdf |
Figure 2:
The $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $-differential cross section of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ (right) mesons in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 5.02 TeV. The vertical bars (shaded boxes) correspond to statistical (systematic) uncertainties. The global systematic uncertainty includes uncertainties in the integrated luminosity and the external branching fractions. The comparison with the calculation from FONLL (open boxes) is also shown. The bottom panels show that the measured cross sections deviate from the FONLL calculations by less than 20%, and they are consistent within uncertainty. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-a:
The $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $-differential cross section of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ (right) mesons in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 5.02 TeV. The vertical bars (shaded boxes) correspond to statistical (systematic) uncertainties. The global systematic uncertainty includes uncertainties in the integrated luminosity and the external branching fractions. The comparison with the calculation from FONLL (open boxes) is also shown. The bottom panels show that the measured cross sections deviate from the FONLL calculations by less than 20%, and they are consistent within uncertainty. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-b:
The $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $-differential cross section of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ (right) mesons in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 5.02 TeV. The vertical bars (shaded boxes) correspond to statistical (systematic) uncertainties. The global systematic uncertainty includes uncertainties in the integrated luminosity and the external branching fractions. The comparison with the calculation from FONLL (open boxes) is also shown. The bottom panels show that the measured cross sections deviate from the FONLL calculations by less than 20%, and they are consistent within uncertainty. |
png pdf |
Figure 3:
The $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ dependence of the nuclear modification factor of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ (right) mesons in PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 5.02 TeV. The vertical bars (boxes) correspond to statistical (systematic) uncertainties. The global systematic uncertainty comprises the uncertainties in luminosity, $ T_{\mathrm{AA}} $ and the number of minimum-bias events [48]. For $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $, four theoretical calculations are also shown for comparison: TAMU [75,24], DREENA-A [70,71], CUJET3.0 [72,73,74], and AdS/CFT HH [76,77] with the diffusion coefficient either dependent or independent of the quark momentum. For $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $, three theoretical calculations are shown for comparison: TAMU [75,24], DREENA-A [70,71], and CUJET3.0 [72,73,74]. The line width of the theoretical calculation from Refs. [75,24] indicates the uncertainty in the total b quark coalescence probability (no shadowing is applied). The rapidity range is $ |y| < $ 2.4 for all the theory predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-a:
The $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ dependence of the nuclear modification factor of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ (right) mesons in PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 5.02 TeV. The vertical bars (boxes) correspond to statistical (systematic) uncertainties. The global systematic uncertainty comprises the uncertainties in luminosity, $ T_{\mathrm{AA}} $ and the number of minimum-bias events [48]. For $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $, four theoretical calculations are also shown for comparison: TAMU [75,24], DREENA-A [70,71], CUJET3.0 [72,73,74], and AdS/CFT HH [76,77] with the diffusion coefficient either dependent or independent of the quark momentum. For $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $, three theoretical calculations are shown for comparison: TAMU [75,24], DREENA-A [70,71], and CUJET3.0 [72,73,74]. The line width of the theoretical calculation from Refs. [75,24] indicates the uncertainty in the total b quark coalescence probability (no shadowing is applied). The rapidity range is $ |y| < $ 2.4 for all the theory predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
The $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ dependence of the nuclear modification factor of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ (left) and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ (right) mesons in PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 5.02 TeV. The vertical bars (boxes) correspond to statistical (systematic) uncertainties. The global systematic uncertainty comprises the uncertainties in luminosity, $ T_{\mathrm{AA}} $ and the number of minimum-bias events [48]. For $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $, four theoretical calculations are also shown for comparison: TAMU [75,24], DREENA-A [70,71], CUJET3.0 [72,73,74], and AdS/CFT HH [76,77] with the diffusion coefficient either dependent or independent of the quark momentum. For $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $, three theoretical calculations are shown for comparison: TAMU [75,24], DREENA-A [70,71], and CUJET3.0 [72,73,74]. The line width of the theoretical calculation from Refs. [75,24] indicates the uncertainty in the total b quark coalescence probability (no shadowing is applied). The rapidity range is $ |y| < $ 2.4 for all the theory predictions. |
png pdf |
Figure 4:
Comparison of the nuclear modification factor of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ mesons with $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons [80] and charged hadrons [62] in PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 5.02 TeV. The global systematic uncertainties, depicted in shaded boxes around $ R_{\mathrm{AA}} =$ 1, comprise the uncertainties in $ T_{\mathrm{AA}} $, the number of minimum-bias events, and the luminosity in pp collisions. |
| Tables | |
png pdf |
Table 1:
Summary of the percentage systematic uncertainties for the $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ cross section as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $. The systematic uncertainties in luminosity and branching fractions are global uncertainties that are applied equally to all $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bins. The systematic uncertainty in muon efficiency is found not to have a significnat effect. |
png pdf |
Table 2:
Summary of the percentage systematic uncertainties for the $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ cross section as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $. The systematic uncertainties in luminosity and branching fractions are global uncertainties that are applied equally to all $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ bins. |
| Summary |
| In summary, the differential cross sections of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ mesons as a function of transverse momentum ($ p_{\mathrm{T}} $) in proton-proton (pp) collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 5.02 TeV have been measured with the CMS detector at the LHC. The mesons are reconstructed via the exclusive decay channels $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} \to \mathrm{J}/\psi (\mu^{+}\mu^{-})\,\mathrm{K^+} $ and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} \to \mathrm{J}/\psi (\mu^{+}\mu^{-})\,\phi (\mathrm{K^+} \mathrm{K^-}) $ in the transverse momentum intervals 5 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 60 GeV/$c$ and 7 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 50 GeV/$c$ for $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $, respectively. The measured $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $-differential cross sections of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ in pp collisions are well-described by fixed-order plus next-to-leading logarithm calculations. The nuclear modification factors, $ R_{\mathrm{AA}} $, of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ are significantly lower than unity at $ p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 10 GeV/$c$, while at low $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $, the $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ hints at a larger $ R_{\mathrm{AA}} $ than that of $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $. The $ R_{\mathrm{AA}} $ data from $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} $ and $ \mathrm{B}_{s}^{0} $ are also compared to theoretical calculations, providing constraining power on the mechanism of beauty quark energy loss and hadronization in the quark-gluon plasma. The results are also compared to charm and light flavor hadrons. The $ {\mathrm{B}^{+}} R_{\mathrm{AA}} $ is compatible with the $ R_{\mathrm{AA}} $ of charged hadrons and $ \mathrm{D^0} $ in the intermediate $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ region and a hint of a smaller suppression is observed for $ p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 10 GeV/$c$. |
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