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CMS-PAS-B2G-23-004
Search for diresonant new physics in a final state comprising a gluon and two hadronically decaying W bosons in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV
Abstract: A search for Kaluza-Klein (KK) gluon resonances, $ \mathrm{g_{KK}} $, decaying in cascade into two W bosons and a gluon via a scalar radion R, $ \mathrm{g_{KK} \rightarrow gR \rightarrow gWW} $, is presented. The final state with three large-radius jets, two of which contain the products of hadronically decaying W bosons is considered. The search is performed with $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC during 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. Both the $ \mathrm{g_{KK}} $ and the R resonances are reconstructed. The ratio of their masses is used for event categorization, and the trijet mass distribution is used to extract a potential signal. Upper limits are set on the product of the $ \mathrm{g_{KK}} $ production cross section and branching fraction to $ \mathrm{gWW} $. Additionally, lower limits are set on the two resonance masses for an extended warped extra-dimensional model in which the quantum chromodynamics sector propagates into the extended bulk. This search is the first of its kind.
Figures & Tables Summary References CMS Publications
Figures

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Figure 1:
A schematic diagram of the decay of a $ \mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{KK}} $ boson via a radion to the final state considered in this analysis.

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Figure 2:
Distributions after event preselection. Upper left: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\text{ja}} $, $ m_{\text{jb}} $) distribution for a posited signal ($ {m}_{\mathrm{R}}= $ 0.75 TeV, $ {m}_{\mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{KK}}}= $ 1.5 TeV) compared to the background-dominated data. For signal, contours corresponding to 80, 60, 40, and 20% fractions of the total signal event yield are shown as red to yellow curves for shape visualization. White dashed lines indicate the SR and CR areas. The one-dimensional histograms show the $ m_{\text{85}} $ (upper right), $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $ (middle left), $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (middle right), and $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*}/m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (lower left) distributions using simulated signal and background events as indicated in the legends. The signal events are scaled by factors of 300 and 10,000 times the theoretical cross sections for visibility. Lower right: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $, $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $) distribution. White dashed lines indicate the SR splitting.

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Figure 2-a:
Distributions after event preselection. Upper left: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\text{ja}} $, $ m_{\text{jb}} $) distribution for a posited signal ($ {m}_{\mathrm{R}}= $ 0.75 TeV, $ {m}_{\mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{KK}}}= $ 1.5 TeV) compared to the background-dominated data. For signal, contours corresponding to 80, 60, 40, and 20% fractions of the total signal event yield are shown as red to yellow curves for shape visualization. White dashed lines indicate the SR and CR areas. The one-dimensional histograms show the $ m_{\text{85}} $ (upper right), $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $ (middle left), $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (middle right), and $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*}/m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (lower left) distributions using simulated signal and background events as indicated in the legends. The signal events are scaled by factors of 300 and 10,000 times the theoretical cross sections for visibility. Lower right: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $, $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $) distribution. White dashed lines indicate the SR splitting.

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Figure 2-b:
Distributions after event preselection. Upper left: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\text{ja}} $, $ m_{\text{jb}} $) distribution for a posited signal ($ {m}_{\mathrm{R}}= $ 0.75 TeV, $ {m}_{\mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{KK}}}= $ 1.5 TeV) compared to the background-dominated data. For signal, contours corresponding to 80, 60, 40, and 20% fractions of the total signal event yield are shown as red to yellow curves for shape visualization. White dashed lines indicate the SR and CR areas. The one-dimensional histograms show the $ m_{\text{85}} $ (upper right), $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $ (middle left), $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (middle right), and $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*}/m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (lower left) distributions using simulated signal and background events as indicated in the legends. The signal events are scaled by factors of 300 and 10,000 times the theoretical cross sections for visibility. Lower right: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $, $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $) distribution. White dashed lines indicate the SR splitting.

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Figure 2-c:
Distributions after event preselection. Upper left: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\text{ja}} $, $ m_{\text{jb}} $) distribution for a posited signal ($ {m}_{\mathrm{R}}= $ 0.75 TeV, $ {m}_{\mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{KK}}}= $ 1.5 TeV) compared to the background-dominated data. For signal, contours corresponding to 80, 60, 40, and 20% fractions of the total signal event yield are shown as red to yellow curves for shape visualization. White dashed lines indicate the SR and CR areas. The one-dimensional histograms show the $ m_{\text{85}} $ (upper right), $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $ (middle left), $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (middle right), and $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*}/m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (lower left) distributions using simulated signal and background events as indicated in the legends. The signal events are scaled by factors of 300 and 10,000 times the theoretical cross sections for visibility. Lower right: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $, $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $) distribution. White dashed lines indicate the SR splitting.

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Figure 2-d:
Distributions after event preselection. Upper left: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\text{ja}} $, $ m_{\text{jb}} $) distribution for a posited signal ($ {m}_{\mathrm{R}}= $ 0.75 TeV, $ {m}_{\mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{KK}}}= $ 1.5 TeV) compared to the background-dominated data. For signal, contours corresponding to 80, 60, 40, and 20% fractions of the total signal event yield are shown as red to yellow curves for shape visualization. White dashed lines indicate the SR and CR areas. The one-dimensional histograms show the $ m_{\text{85}} $ (upper right), $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $ (middle left), $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (middle right), and $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*}/m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (lower left) distributions using simulated signal and background events as indicated in the legends. The signal events are scaled by factors of 300 and 10,000 times the theoretical cross sections for visibility. Lower right: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $, $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $) distribution. White dashed lines indicate the SR splitting.

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Figure 2-e:
Distributions after event preselection. Upper left: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\text{ja}} $, $ m_{\text{jb}} $) distribution for a posited signal ($ {m}_{\mathrm{R}}= $ 0.75 TeV, $ {m}_{\mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{KK}}}= $ 1.5 TeV) compared to the background-dominated data. For signal, contours corresponding to 80, 60, 40, and 20% fractions of the total signal event yield are shown as red to yellow curves for shape visualization. White dashed lines indicate the SR and CR areas. The one-dimensional histograms show the $ m_{\text{85}} $ (upper right), $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $ (middle left), $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (middle right), and $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*}/m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (lower left) distributions using simulated signal and background events as indicated in the legends. The signal events are scaled by factors of 300 and 10,000 times the theoretical cross sections for visibility. Lower right: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $, $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $) distribution. White dashed lines indicate the SR splitting.

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Figure 2-f:
Distributions after event preselection. Upper left: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\text{ja}} $, $ m_{\text{jb}} $) distribution for a posited signal ($ {m}_{\mathrm{R}}= $ 0.75 TeV, $ {m}_{\mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{KK}}}= $ 1.5 TeV) compared to the background-dominated data. For signal, contours corresponding to 80, 60, 40, and 20% fractions of the total signal event yield are shown as red to yellow curves for shape visualization. White dashed lines indicate the SR and CR areas. The one-dimensional histograms show the $ m_{\text{85}} $ (upper right), $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $ (middle left), $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (middle right), and $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*}/m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ (lower left) distributions using simulated signal and background events as indicated in the legends. The signal events are scaled by factors of 300 and 10,000 times the theoretical cross sections for visibility. Lower right: the two-dimensional ($ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $, $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $) distribution. White dashed lines indicate the SR splitting.

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Figure 3:
The $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ postfit predicted spectra in the five SRa. Upper to lower, and left to right: SR1a, SR2a, SR3a, SR4a, SR5a.

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Figure 3-a:
The $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ postfit predicted spectra in the five SRa. Upper to lower, and left to right: SR1a, SR2a, SR3a, SR4a, SR5a.

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Figure 3-b:
The $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ postfit predicted spectra in the five SRa. Upper to lower, and left to right: SR1a, SR2a, SR3a, SR4a, SR5a.

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Figure 3-c:
The $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ postfit predicted spectra in the five SRa. Upper to lower, and left to right: SR1a, SR2a, SR3a, SR4a, SR5a.

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Figure 3-d:
The $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ postfit predicted spectra in the five SRa. Upper to lower, and left to right: SR1a, SR2a, SR3a, SR4a, SR5a.

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Figure 3-e:
The $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ postfit predicted spectra in the five SRa. Upper to lower, and left to right: SR1a, SR2a, SR3a, SR4a, SR5a.

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Figure 4:
The $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ postfit predicted spectra in the five SRb. Upper to lower, and left to right: SR1b, SR2b, SR3b, SR4b, SR5b.

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Figure 4-a:
The $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ postfit predicted spectra in the five SRb. Upper to lower, and left to right: SR1b, SR2b, SR3b, SR4b, SR5b.

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Figure 4-b:
The $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ postfit predicted spectra in the five SRb. Upper to lower, and left to right: SR1b, SR2b, SR3b, SR4b, SR5b.

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Figure 4-c:
The $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ postfit predicted spectra in the five SRb. Upper to lower, and left to right: SR1b, SR2b, SR3b, SR4b, SR5b.

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Figure 4-d:
The $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ postfit predicted spectra in the five SRb. Upper to lower, and left to right: SR1b, SR2b, SR3b, SR4b, SR5b.

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Figure 4-e:
The $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ postfit predicted spectra in the five SRb. Upper to lower, and left to right: SR1b, SR2b, SR3b, SR4b, SR5b.

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Figure 5:
The upper limits on the production cross section times branching fraction $ \sigma\mathcal{B} $, at 95% CL, for the process $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\rightarrow\mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{KK}}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{W}\mathrm{W} $. The black (red) line contour indicates observed (expected) exclusion region on $ \mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{KK}} $ and R masses. The red dashed lines show the 68% standard deviation band of the expected limit contour.
Tables

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Table 1:
Definition of the different SRs based on the $ m_{\mathrm{jj}*} $/$ m_{\mathrm{jjj}*} $ ratio and $ s_{\text{jb}} $.

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Table 2:
The PNet tagger SFs calculated for exclusive $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and PNet tagger score ranges of W boson matched jets.

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Table 3:
The sources of systematic uncertainties accounted for in the analysis. From left to right: indication of whether an uncertainty is evaluated for background (B) or signal (S), whether the uncertainty affects shape or rate, magnitudes (where applicable), and the total number of nuisance parameters (NPs) used along with their correlations across SRs. The ``*'' indicates a value or a shape template different for each signal scenario.
Summary
A search for heavy resonances decaying in cascade via an intermediate resonance to a gluon and two W bosons, such as $ \mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{KK}} \to \mathrm{g}\mathrm{R} \to \mathrm{g}\mathrm{W}\mathrm{W} $, in the all-hadronic final state has been presented. The search is performed in proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The final states include three large-radius jets, at least two of which are required to be massive, containing the decay products of the hadronically decaying W bosons. The topology corresponds to events where each W boson from the radion decay is reconstructed as a single merged jet. In this analysis, a previously unexplored signature is probed using jet substructure techniques relying on deep learning. No such signal is found in the analyzed data. Exclusion limits are set at 95% CL on the product of the production cross section and the branching fraction to a gluon and two W bosons in an extended warped extra-dimensional model previously examined in [11,12,13,14] This result is the first analysing the WWjet final state and complements constraints in other signatures.
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