CMS-SUS-24-003

CMS-SUS-24-003 ; CERN-EP-2025-186
Search for Higgsinos in final states with low-momentum lepton-track pairs at 13 TeV
CMS Collaboration
20 November 2025
Submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Abstract: We present a search for the pair production of Higgsinos in final states with large missing transverse momentum and either two reconstructed muons or a reconstructed lepton (muon or electron) and an isolated track. The analyzed data correspond to proton-proton collisions with an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$ ^{-1} $, collected by the CMS experiment at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV in 2016, 2017, and 2018. The signal scenario assumes two neutralino states, $ \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0} $ and $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0} $, with a small mass difference in the range 1-10 GeV and a chargino $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm} $ with an intermediate mass. The analysis focuses on the decay of the heavier neutralino into the lighter one and a virtual Z boson, which decays into two same-flavor leptons. The leptons have small transverse momentum and/or a small opening angle between the identified muons. An isolated track is used to recover events in which only one of the two leptons is identified. Multivariate discriminants are used to enhance the sensitivity by efficiently rejecting backgrounds from SM processes or misreconstructed tracks and/or leptons. The search explores a unique phase space and probes a previously unexplored region of the signal model parameter space. Mass differences between the two neutralinos are probed down to 1.5 GeV, assuming a Higgsino mass of 100 GeV. The maximum excluded Higgsino mass is 115 GeV.
Links: e-print arXiv:2511.16394 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ;

Figures & Tables	Summary	References	CMS Publications

Figures
png pdf	Figure 1: Diagrams illustrating the production and decay of electroweakinos in the Higgsino simplified model via the $ \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0} $ (left) and $ \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm} $ (right) processes.
png pdf	Figure 1-a: Diagrams illustrating the production and decay of electroweakinos in the Higgsino simplified model via the $ \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0} $ (left) and $ \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm} $ (right) processes.
png pdf	Figure 1-b: Diagrams illustrating the production and decay of electroweakinos in the Higgsino simplified model via the $ \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0} $ (left) and $ \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0}\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm} $ (right) processes.
png pdf	Figure 2: Unweighted distributions of the event-level BDT scores for events from the signal and background training samples in the dimuon category (left) and the muon+track category (right), based on the Phase1 detector configuration.
png pdf	Figure 2-a: Unweighted distributions of the event-level BDT scores for events from the signal and background training samples in the dimuon category (left) and the muon+track category (right), based on the Phase1 detector configuration.
png pdf	Figure 2-b: Unweighted distributions of the event-level BDT scores for events from the signal and background training samples in the dimuon category (left) and the muon+track category (right), based on the Phase1 detector configuration.
png pdf	Figure 3: Distributions of the reconstructed ditau invariant mass ($ m_{\tau\tau} $) in the BDT sideband CR, shown for Phase0 (left) and Phase1 (right) detector configurations. The non-$ \tau\tau $ background is estimated using the data-driven Jetty background method described in the text. The gray hatching shows the statistical uncertainty in the background prediction.
png pdf	Figure 3-a: Distributions of the reconstructed ditau invariant mass ($ m_{\tau\tau} $) in the BDT sideband CR, shown for Phase0 (left) and Phase1 (right) detector configurations. The non-$ \tau\tau $ background is estimated using the data-driven Jetty background method described in the text. The gray hatching shows the statistical uncertainty in the background prediction.
png pdf	Figure 3-b: Distributions of the reconstructed ditau invariant mass ($ m_{\tau\tau} $) in the BDT sideband CR, shown for Phase0 (left) and Phase1 (right) detector configurations. The non-$ \tau\tau $ background is estimated using the data-driven Jetty background method described in the text. The gray hatching shows the statistical uncertainty in the background prediction.
png pdf	Figure 4: Prefit expected and observed distributions of the event BDT output score in the SRs for the dimuon category (upper) and of the dimuon invariant mass for events with event classifier scores greater than 0.1 (lower), shown separately for Phase0 (left) and Phase1 (right) configurations. The gray hatching shows the statistical uncertainty in the background prediction. In the lower panel, the green band indicates the relative systematic uncertainty in the predicted background, while the black bars represent the total uncertainty, including both statistical and systematic components. Two example signal scenarios are also shown as colored lines.
png pdf	Figure 4-a: Prefit expected and observed distributions of the event BDT output score in the SRs for the dimuon category (upper) and of the dimuon invariant mass for events with event classifier scores greater than 0.1 (lower), shown separately for Phase0 (left) and Phase1 (right) configurations. The gray hatching shows the statistical uncertainty in the background prediction. In the lower panel, the green band indicates the relative systematic uncertainty in the predicted background, while the black bars represent the total uncertainty, including both statistical and systematic components. Two example signal scenarios are also shown as colored lines.
png pdf	Figure 4-b: Prefit expected and observed distributions of the event BDT output score in the SRs for the dimuon category (upper) and of the dimuon invariant mass for events with event classifier scores greater than 0.1 (lower), shown separately for Phase0 (left) and Phase1 (right) configurations. The gray hatching shows the statistical uncertainty in the background prediction. In the lower panel, the green band indicates the relative systematic uncertainty in the predicted background, while the black bars represent the total uncertainty, including both statistical and systematic components. Two example signal scenarios are also shown as colored lines.
png pdf	Figure 4-c: Prefit expected and observed distributions of the event BDT output score in the SRs for the dimuon category (upper) and of the dimuon invariant mass for events with event classifier scores greater than 0.1 (lower), shown separately for Phase0 (left) and Phase1 (right) configurations. The gray hatching shows the statistical uncertainty in the background prediction. In the lower panel, the green band indicates the relative systematic uncertainty in the predicted background, while the black bars represent the total uncertainty, including both statistical and systematic components. Two example signal scenarios are also shown as colored lines.
png pdf	Figure 4-d: Prefit expected and observed distributions of the event BDT output score in the SRs for the dimuon category (upper) and of the dimuon invariant mass for events with event classifier scores greater than 0.1 (lower), shown separately for Phase0 (left) and Phase1 (right) configurations. The gray hatching shows the statistical uncertainty in the background prediction. In the lower panel, the green band indicates the relative systematic uncertainty in the predicted background, while the black bars represent the total uncertainty, including both statistical and systematic components. Two example signal scenarios are also shown as colored lines.
png pdf	Figure 5: Prefit expected and observed distributions of the event BDT output score in the SRs for the muon + exclusive track category (upper), and the electron + exclusive track category (lower), shown separately for Phase0 (left) and Phase1 (right). In the lower panel, the vertical black bars represent the total uncertainty, including both statistical and systematic components. Example signal benchmark scenarios are also shown as colored lines.
png pdf	Figure 5-a: Prefit expected and observed distributions of the event BDT output score in the SRs for the muon + exclusive track category (upper), and the electron + exclusive track category (lower), shown separately for Phase0 (left) and Phase1 (right). In the lower panel, the vertical black bars represent the total uncertainty, including both statistical and systematic components. Example signal benchmark scenarios are also shown as colored lines.
png pdf	Figure 5-b: Prefit expected and observed distributions of the event BDT output score in the SRs for the muon + exclusive track category (upper), and the electron + exclusive track category (lower), shown separately for Phase0 (left) and Phase1 (right). In the lower panel, the vertical black bars represent the total uncertainty, including both statistical and systematic components. Example signal benchmark scenarios are also shown as colored lines.
png pdf	Figure 5-c: Prefit expected and observed distributions of the event BDT output score in the SRs for the muon + exclusive track category (upper), and the electron + exclusive track category (lower), shown separately for Phase0 (left) and Phase1 (right). In the lower panel, the vertical black bars represent the total uncertainty, including both statistical and systematic components. Example signal benchmark scenarios are also shown as colored lines.
png pdf	Figure 5-d: Prefit expected and observed distributions of the event BDT output score in the SRs for the muon + exclusive track category (upper), and the electron + exclusive track category (lower), shown separately for Phase0 (left) and Phase1 (right). In the lower panel, the vertical black bars represent the total uncertainty, including both statistical and systematic components. Example signal benchmark scenarios are also shown as colored lines.
png pdf	Figure 6: The 95% CL upper limits on the fully degenerate Higgsino production cross section, calculated at NLO+NLL precision [80,81], based on all analysis channels studied in this paper. All relevant production modes are simulated at LO, and the Z* boson is set to decay into either two electrons or two muons with a branching fraction of 5%. The expected (red) and observed (black) exclusion contours are shown assuming the theoretical cross section. Dashed red lines indicate the expected limits with $ \pm $1 and $ \pm $2 standard deviation experimental uncertainties. Dashed black lines indicate the observed limit when varying the theoretical cross section by its uncertainty. The green line represents the minimum $ \Delta m^\pm $ allowed by the theoretical calculation accounting for radiative corrections, as described in Ref. [24].

Tables
png pdf	Table 1: Input variables to the BDT used for selecting signal tracks in events in the exclusive track category, ranked by their importance in descending order. The symbol \ell refers to a candidate lepton while $ t $ refers to an exclusive track, with their invariant mass denoted $ m_{t\ell} $.
png pdf	Table 2: Transfer factors and their associated statistical uncertainties used to extrapolate background predictions from CRs to the SR.

Summary

A search for Higgsino pair production in compressed mass spectra scenarios is performed using low-momentum dimuon and lepton-track pairs in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV, based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$ ^{-1} $ [82,83,84] collected in 2016, 2017, and 2018 with the CMS detector. The results are interpreted in a simplified model featuring a dark matter candidate neutralino $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0} $ that is nearly mass-degenerate with a slightly heavier neutralino $ \tilde{\chi}_{2}^{0} $ and charginos $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm} $. The search targets a region of parameter space where sensitivity was limited in previous analyses [31,33], and extends the reach by 0.5-2 GeV in the most compressed phase space. This region, characterized by low-mass Higgsinos, is of particular theoretical interest because of its relevance for naturalness and fine-tuning arguments [15,16,17], addressing both the large and small hierarchy problems. Mass differences between the lighter and heavier neutralinos are probed down to 1.5 GeV, assuming a Higgsino mass of 100 GeV. The maximum excluded Higgsino mass is 115 GeV, corresponding to a mass difference of 3.5 GeV. These results place stringent constraints on natural supersymmetry and other models predicting electroweak multiplet dark matter.

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