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| CMS-SUS-23-006 ; CERN-EP-2025-244 | ||
| Search for $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ bosons decaying into charginos in final states with two oppositely charged leptons and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 11 March 2026 | ||
| Submitted to the Journal of High Energy Physics | ||
| Abstract: Massive leptophobic $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ bosons decaying to a pair of charginos are searched for in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV, using data samples collected by the CMS experiment in 2016, 2017, and 2018, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ bosons originate from an additional $ U(1)^\prime $ gauge symmetry extended to the minimal supersymmetric standard model. The final state consists of two oppositely charged leptons and missing transverse momentum. The signal extraction is performed with a parametrized neural network. The measurements are found to be consistent with the standard model expectations. Upper limits are set on the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson production cross sections as a function of the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ and chargino masses. The analysis excludes $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson masses up to about 3.5 TeV for the specific case of $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ bosons decaying exclusively to charginos, with the charginos decaying to W bosons and neutralinos. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2603.11035 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Diagram showing the signal process studied in this analysis: a leptophobic $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson decaying into two charginos, each subsequently decaying into a lepton, a neutrino, and a neutralino. |
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Figure 2:
Distributions measured from the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ sample collected in 2018, for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}(\ell_1) $ (upper left), $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ m_{\mathrm{T}} $ (lower left), and $ M_\mathrm{T2} $ (lower right). Several benchmark signal distributions are overlaid (colored lines), illustrating the separation power between signal and background. The panel under each plot shows the data-to-background ratio, along with the corresponding total uncertainty band (in cyan). |
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Figure 2-a:
Distributions measured from the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ sample collected in 2018, for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}(\ell_1) $ (upper left), $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ m_{\mathrm{T}} $ (lower left), and $ M_\mathrm{T2} $ (lower right). Several benchmark signal distributions are overlaid (colored lines), illustrating the separation power between signal and background. The panel under each plot shows the data-to-background ratio, along with the corresponding total uncertainty band (in cyan). |
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Figure 2-b:
Distributions measured from the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ sample collected in 2018, for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}(\ell_1) $ (upper left), $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ m_{\mathrm{T}} $ (lower left), and $ M_\mathrm{T2} $ (lower right). Several benchmark signal distributions are overlaid (colored lines), illustrating the separation power between signal and background. The panel under each plot shows the data-to-background ratio, along with the corresponding total uncertainty band (in cyan). |
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Figure 2-c:
Distributions measured from the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ sample collected in 2018, for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}(\ell_1) $ (upper left), $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ m_{\mathrm{T}} $ (lower left), and $ M_\mathrm{T2} $ (lower right). Several benchmark signal distributions are overlaid (colored lines), illustrating the separation power between signal and background. The panel under each plot shows the data-to-background ratio, along with the corresponding total uncertainty band (in cyan). |
png pdf |
Figure 2-d:
Distributions measured from the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ sample collected in 2018, for $ p_{\mathrm{T}}(\ell_1) $ (upper left), $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (upper right), $ m_{\mathrm{T}} $ (lower left), and $ M_\mathrm{T2} $ (lower right). Several benchmark signal distributions are overlaid (colored lines), illustrating the separation power between signal and background. The panel under each plot shows the data-to-background ratio, along with the corresponding total uncertainty band (in cyan). |
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Figure 3:
Asimov significance, $ Z_A $, vs. $ m_\mathrm{Z}^{'} $ for the PNN model (circles) and for a NN model trained on a specific signal point (triangles) for the 2017 simulated event sample, in the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channel. Two chargino masses have been considered, as indicated. |
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Figure 4:
Measured and simulated SM PNN score distributions for a model with $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} = $ 2.5 TeV and $ m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}} = $ 345 GeV, for the $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ (upper left) and WW (upper right) CRs in the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channel and for the DY CR in the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^-+\mu^{+} \mu^{-} $ channel (lower). The panel under each plot shows the data-to-background ratios using either a background-only fit (black circles and cyan band) or a pre-fit (magenta dashed line and band). The uncertainties are displayed around the unity line. |
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Figure 4-a:
Measured and simulated SM PNN score distributions for a model with $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} = $ 2.5 TeV and $ m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}} = $ 345 GeV, for the $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ (upper left) and WW (upper right) CRs in the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channel and for the DY CR in the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^-+\mu^{+} \mu^{-} $ channel (lower). The panel under each plot shows the data-to-background ratios using either a background-only fit (black circles and cyan band) or a pre-fit (magenta dashed line and band). The uncertainties are displayed around the unity line. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-b:
Measured and simulated SM PNN score distributions for a model with $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} = $ 2.5 TeV and $ m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}} = $ 345 GeV, for the $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ (upper left) and WW (upper right) CRs in the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channel and for the DY CR in the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^-+\mu^{+} \mu^{-} $ channel (lower). The panel under each plot shows the data-to-background ratios using either a background-only fit (black circles and cyan band) or a pre-fit (magenta dashed line and band). The uncertainties are displayed around the unity line. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-c:
Measured and simulated SM PNN score distributions for a model with $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} = $ 2.5 TeV and $ m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}} = $ 345 GeV, for the $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ (upper left) and WW (upper right) CRs in the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channel and for the DY CR in the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^-+\mu^{+} \mu^{-} $ channel (lower). The panel under each plot shows the data-to-background ratios using either a background-only fit (black circles and cyan band) or a pre-fit (magenta dashed line and band). The uncertainties are displayed around the unity line. |
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Figure 5:
Measured and estimated background PNN score distributions, in the SRs of the three search channels. Signal distributions for a model with $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} = $ 2.5 TeV and $ m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}} = $ 345 GeV are superimposed on the plots. The panel under each plot shows the data-to-background ratios using either a background-only fit (black circles and cyan band) or a pre-fit (magenta dashed line and band). The uncertainties are displayed around the unity line. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
Measured and estimated background PNN score distributions, in the SRs of the three search channels. Signal distributions for a model with $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} = $ 2.5 TeV and $ m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}} = $ 345 GeV are superimposed on the plots. The panel under each plot shows the data-to-background ratios using either a background-only fit (black circles and cyan band) or a pre-fit (magenta dashed line and band). The uncertainties are displayed around the unity line. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
Measured and estimated background PNN score distributions, in the SRs of the three search channels. Signal distributions for a model with $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} = $ 2.5 TeV and $ m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}} = $ 345 GeV are superimposed on the plots. The panel under each plot shows the data-to-background ratios using either a background-only fit (black circles and cyan band) or a pre-fit (magenta dashed line and band). The uncertainties are displayed around the unity line. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-c:
Measured and estimated background PNN score distributions, in the SRs of the three search channels. Signal distributions for a model with $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} = $ 2.5 TeV and $ m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}} = $ 345 GeV are superimposed on the plots. The panel under each plot shows the data-to-background ratios using either a background-only fit (black circles and cyan band) or a pre-fit (magenta dashed line and band). The uncertainties are displayed around the unity line. |
png pdf |
Figure 6:
Upper limits, at 95% CL, on the $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p} \to \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ cross section, in the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson mass vs. $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm} $ mass plane, combining the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^- $, $ \mu^{+} \mu^{-} $, and $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channels, as determined from the measured data (red line) and as expected from the simulation studies (black lines: median exclusion in solid and 68% quantiles in dashed). The region to the left of the curves is excluded. The color grid shows median expected upper limits. |
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Figure 7:
Upper limits, at 95% CL, on the $ \mathrm{p}\mathrm{p} \to \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ cross section, vs. $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson mass for several $ \tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm} $ mass values, combining the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^- $, $ \mu^{+} \mu^{-} $, and $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channels, as determined from the measured data (black circles) and as expected from the simulation studies (dashed lines with green and yellow uncertainty bands). The limits for different $m_{\tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_1}$ values are shifted vertically, for visibility purposes. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Signal event selection and search channels. |
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Table 2:
Definitions of the signal and control regions used in the analysis. |
| Summary |
| A search has been conducted for a leptophobic $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson decaying into two charginos, which subsequently decay into W bosons and neutralinos. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $, was analyzed. This is the first search for this process using LHC data. An analysis was designed in the dilepton plus missing transverse momentum final state, in the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^- $, $ \mu^{+} \mu^{-} $, and $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channels. A parametrized neural network was employed to enhance the signal sensitivity. The analysis was interpreted using simplified model spectra featuring the production and decay process of the leptophobic $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson derived from the $ U(1)^\prime $ extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. The measurements were found to be consistent with the standard model expectations. Upper limits on the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson production cross section were presented in the $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson mass vs.chargino mass plane, with $ m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{\pm}} = 2 m_{\tilde{\chi}_{1}^{0}} $. The analysis excludes $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson masses up to about 3.5 TeV for the specific case of $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ bosons decaying exclusively to charginos, with the charginos decaying to W bosons and neutralinos. Under the assumption of 2.9 TeV $ \mathrm{Z}^{'} $ boson decaying exclusively to charginos, observations rule out chargino masses in the 400--1400 GeV range. |
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