Compact Muon Solenoid
LHC, CERN
Visit us: CMS Public Website, CMS Physics ;
Contact us: CMS Publications Committee
| CMS-SMP-14-011 ; CERN-EP-2016-289 | ||
| Measurement of electroweak-induced production of $\mathrm{ W }\gamma$ with two jets in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 29 December 2016 | ||
| JHEP 06 (2017) 106 | ||
| Abstract: A measurement of electroweak-induced production of $\mathrm{ W }\gamma$ and two jets is performed, where the W boson decays leptonically. The data used in the analysis correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the CMS experiment in $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV proton-proton collisions produced at the LHC. Candidate events are selected with exactly one muon or electron, missing transverse momentum, one photon, and two jets with large rapidity separation. An excess over the hypothesis of the standard model without electroweak production of $\mathrm{ W }\gamma$ with two jets is observed with a significance of 2.7 standard deviations, corresponding to an upper limit on the electroweak signal strength of 4.3 times the standard model expectation at 95% confidence level. The cross section measured in the fiducial region is 10.8 $\pm$ 4.1 (stat) $\pm$ 3.4 (syst) $\pm$ 0.3 (lumi) fb, which is consistent with the standard model electroweak prediction. The total cross section for $\mathrm{ W }\gamma$ in association with two jets in the same fiducial region is measured to be 23.2 $\pm$ 4.3 (stat) $\pm$ 1.7 (syst) $\pm$ 0.6 (lumi) fb, which is consistent with the standard model prediction from the combination of electroweak- and quantum chromodynamics-induced processes. No deviations are observed from the standard model predictions and experimental limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings $f_{M,0-7}/\Lambda^4$, $f_{T,0-2}/\Lambda^4$, and $f_{T,5-7}/\Lambda^4$ are set at 95% confidence level. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:1612.09256 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
png pdf |
Figure 1:
Representative diagrams for EW $\mathrm{ W } \gamma $+2 jets production at the LHC corresponding to (a) bremsstrahlung, (b) bremsstrahlung with triple gauge coupling, and (c) VBS with quartic coupling. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-a:
Representative diagram for EW $\mathrm{ W } \gamma $+2 jets production at the LHC corresponding to bremsstrahlung. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-b:
Representative diagram for EW $\mathrm{ W } \gamma $+2 jets production at the LHC corresponding to bremsstrahlung with triple gauge coupling. |
png pdf |
Figure 1-c:
Representative diagram for EW $\mathrm{ W } \gamma $+2 jets production at the LHC corresponding to VBS with quartic coupling. |
png pdf |
Figure 2:
The $m_{jj}$ distributions in orthogonal, but signal-like, regions obtained by inverting the signal selection criteria: $ {| \Delta \eta (j1,j2) | }< $ 2.4; $ {| y_{\mathrm{ W } \gamma } -(y_{j1} + y_{j2})/2 | }> $ 0.6; and $|\Delta \phi _{\mathrm {W}\gamma ,jj}|< $ 2.6 rad. Events from electron and muon channels are combined. Backgrounds from jets misidentified as photons ($\text {Jets} \to \gamma $) and jets misidentified as electrons ($\text {Jets} \to \mathrm{ e } $) are estimated from data as described in the text. The diboson contribution includes WV(+$\gamma $) and ${\mathrm{ Z } } \gamma $(+jets) processes. The top quark contribution includes both the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } \gamma $ and single top quark processes. The signal contribution is shown on top of the backgrounds. The last bin includes the overflow events. The shaded area represents the total uncertainty in the simulation, including statistical and systematic effects. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-a:
The $m_{jj}$ distribution in en orthogonal, but signal-like, region obtained by inverting the signal selection criteria $ {| \Delta \eta (j1,j2) | }< $ 2.4. Events from electron and muon channels are combined. Backgrounds from jets misidentified as photons ($\text {Jets} \to \gamma $) and jets misidentified as electrons ($\text {Jets} \to \mathrm{ e } $) are estimated from data as described in the text. The diboson contribution includes WV(+$\gamma $) and ${\mathrm{ Z } } \gamma $(+jets) processes. The top quark contribution includes both the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } \gamma $ and single top quark processes. The signal contribution is shown on top of the backgrounds. The last bin includes the overflow events. The shaded area represents the total uncertainty in the simulation, including statistical and systematic effects. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-b:
The $m_{jj}$ distribution in en orthogonal, but signal-like, region obtained by inverting the signal selection criteria $ {| y_{\mathrm{ W } \gamma } -(y_{j1} + y_{j2})/2 | }> $ 0.6. Events from electron and muon channels are combined. Backgrounds from jets misidentified as photons ($\text {Jets} \to \gamma $) and jets misidentified as electrons ($\text {Jets} \to \mathrm{ e } $) are estimated from data as described in the text. The diboson contribution includes WV(+$\gamma $) and ${\mathrm{ Z } } \gamma $(+jets) processes. The top quark contribution includes both the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } \gamma $ and single top quark processes. The signal contribution is shown on top of the backgrounds. The last bin includes the overflow events. The shaded area represents the total uncertainty in the simulation, including statistical and systematic effects. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-c:
The $m_{jj}$ distribution in en orthogonal, but signal-like, region obtained by inverting the signal selection criteria $|\Delta \phi _{\mathrm {W}\gamma ,jj}|< $ 2.6 rad. Events from electron and muon channels are combined. Backgrounds from jets misidentified as photons ($\text {Jets} \to \gamma $) and jets misidentified as electrons ($\text {Jets} \to \mathrm{ e } $) are estimated from data as described in the text. The diboson contribution includes WV(+$\gamma $) and ${\mathrm{ Z } } \gamma $(+jets) processes. The top quark contribution includes both the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } \gamma $ and single top quark processes. The signal contribution is shown on top of the backgrounds. The last bin includes the overflow events. The shaded area represents the total uncertainty in the simulation, including statistical and systematic effects. |
png pdf |
Figure 3:
The $m_{jj}$ distribution in the muon (left) and electron (right) channels, in which the signal region lies above 700 GeV, indicated by the horizontal thick arrows. Backgrounds from jets misidentified as photons (Jets $\to \gamma $) and jets misidentified as electrons (Jets $\to \mathrm{ e } $) are estimated from data as described in the text. The diboson contribution includes WV(+$\gamma $) and ${\mathrm{ Z } } \gamma $(+jets) processes. The top quark contribution includes both the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } \gamma $ and single top quark processes. The signal contribution is shown on top of the backgrounds. The last bin includes the overflow events. The hatched error band represents the sum in quadrature of statistical and systematic uncertainties on the background yield. The uncertainty in the ratio plot corresponds to this hatched error. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-a:
The $m_{jj}$ distribution in the muon channel, in which the signal region lies above 700 GeV, indicated by the horizontal thick arrows. Backgrounds from jets misidentified as photons (Jets $\to \gamma $) and jets misidentified as electrons (Jets $\to \mathrm{ e } $) are estimated from data as described in the text. The diboson contribution includes WV(+$\gamma $) and ${\mathrm{ Z } } \gamma $(+jets) processes. The top quark contribution includes both the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } \gamma $ and single top quark processes. The signal contribution is shown on top of the backgrounds. The last bin includes the overflow events. The hatched error band represents the sum in quadrature of statistical and systematic uncertainties on the background yield. The uncertainty in the ratio plot corresponds to this hatched error. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
The $m_{jj}$ distribution in the electron channel, in which the signal region lies above 700 GeV, indicated by the horizontal thick arrows. Backgrounds from jets misidentified as photons (Jets $\to \gamma $) and jets misidentified as electrons (Jets $\to \mathrm{ e } $) are estimated from data as described in the text. The diboson contribution includes WV(+$\gamma $) and ${\mathrm{ Z } } \gamma $(+jets) processes. The top quark contribution includes both the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } \gamma $ and single top quark processes. The signal contribution is shown on top of the backgrounds. The last bin includes the overflow events. The hatched error band represents the sum in quadrature of statistical and systematic uncertainties on the background yield. The uncertainty in the ratio plot corresponds to this hatched error. |
png pdf |
Figure 4:
Comparison of predicted and observed $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\mathrm{ W } }$ distributions with the combined electron and muon channels. The last $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\mathrm{ W } }$ bin has been extended to include the overflow contribution. The dash-dotted line depicts a representative signal distribution with anomalous coupling parameter $f_{M,0}/\Lambda ^{4}=$ 44 TeV$^{-4}$ and the dashed line shows the same distribution corresponding to the SM case. The bands represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties in signal and background predictions summed in quadrature. The data are shown with statistical uncertainties only. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-a:
Comparison of predicted and observed $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\mathrm{ W } }$ distributions with the combined electron and muon channels. The last $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\mathrm{ W } }$ bin has been extended to include the overflow contribution. The dash-dotted line depicts a representative signal distribution with anomalous coupling parameter $f_{M,0}/\Lambda ^{4}=$ 44 TeV$^{-4}$ and the dashed line shows the same distribution corresponding to the SM case. The bands represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties in signal and background predictions summed in quadrature. The data are shown with statistical uncertainties only. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-b:
Comparison of predicted and observed $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\mathrm{ W } }$ distributions with the combined electron and muon channels. The last $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\mathrm{ W } }$ bin has been extended to include the overflow contribution. The dash-dotted line depicts a representative signal distribution with anomalous coupling parameter $f_{M,0}/\Lambda ^{4}=$ 44 TeV$^{-4}$ and the dashed line shows the same distribution corresponding to the SM case. The bands represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties in signal and background predictions summed in quadrature. The data are shown with statistical uncertainties only. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
Comparison of the limits on the dimension-eight aQGC parameters obtained from this study $\mathrm{ W } \gamma $, together with results from the production of WV$\gamma $ [14], same-sign WW [17], exclusive $\gamma \gamma \to \mathrm{ W } \mathrm{ W } $ in ATLAS and CMS [15,77,19], and $\mathrm{ W } \gamma \gamma $ in ATLAS [30]. The limits from the CMS experiment are represented by thicker lines. The limits that are translated from another formalism are represented with dashed lines; details are found in Ref. [14]. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
Comparison of the limits on the dimension-eight aQGC parameters obtained from this study $\mathrm{ W } \gamma $, together with results from the production of WV$\gamma $ [14], same-sign WW [17], exclusive $\gamma \gamma \to \mathrm{ W } \mathrm{ W } $ in ATLAS and CMS [15,77,19], and $\mathrm{ W } \gamma \gamma $ in ATLAS [30]. The limits from the CMS experiment are represented by thicker lines. The limits that are translated from another formalism are represented with dashed lines; details are found in Ref. [14]. |
| Tables | |
png pdf |
Table 1:
Summary of the baseline selection criteria. |
png pdf |
Table 2:
Number of events for each process, with combined statistical and systematic uncertainties. The total prediction represents the sum of all the individual contributions. The W+jets background, with one jet misidentified as an electron, is negligible in the signal region. |
png pdf |
Table 3:
Summary of the measured and predicted observables. |
png pdf |
Table 4:
Observed and expected shape-based exclusion limits for the aQGC parameters at 95% CL, without any form factors. |
| Summary |
| A search for EW-induced $\mathrm{ W }\gamma$+2 jets production and aQGCs has been presented based on events containing a W boson that decays to a lepton and a neutrino, a hard photon, and two jets with large pseudorapidity separation. The data analyzed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb$^{-1}$ collected in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. An excess is observed above the expectation from QCD-induced $\mathrm{ W }\gamma$+2 jets and other backgrounds, with an observed (expected) significance of 2.7 (1.5) standard deviations. The corresponding cross section within the VBS-like fiducial region is measured to be 10.8 $\pm$ 4.1 (stat) $\pm$ 3.4 (syst) $\pm$ 0.3 (lumi) fb, which is consistent with the SM prediction of EW-induced signal. In the same fiducial region, the total cross section for $\mathrm{ W }\gamma$+2 jets is measured to be 23.2 $\pm$ 4.3 (stat) $\pm$ 1.7 (syst) $\pm$ 0.6 (lumi) fb, which is consistent with the SM EW+QCD prediction. Exclusion limits for aQGC parameters $f_{M,0-7}/\Lambda^4$, $f_{T,0-2}/\Lambda^4$, and $f_{T,5-7}/\Lambda^4$ are set at 95% CL. Competitive limits are obtained for several parameters and first limits are set on the $f_{M,4}/\Lambda^4$ and $f_{T,5-7}/\Lambda^4$ parameters. |
| References | ||||
| 1 | ATLAS Collaboration | Observation of a new particle in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC | PLB 716 (2012) 1 | 1207.7214 |
| 2 | CMS Collaboration | Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC | PLB 716 (2012) 30 | |
| 3 | CMS Collaboration | Observation of a new boson with mass near 125 GeV in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 7 and 8 TeV | JHEP 06 (2013) 081 | CMS-HIG-12-036 1303.4571 |
| 4 | ATLAS and CMS Collaborations | Combined measurement of the Higgs boson mass in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=$ 7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS experiments | PRL 114 (2015) 191803 | 1503.07589 |
| 5 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of the pp $ \to $ ZZ production cross section and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings in four-lepton final states at $ \sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV | PLB 740 (2015) 250 | CMS-SMP-13-005 1406.0113 |
| 6 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of the $ \mathrm{W}^+\mathrm{W}^- $ and ZZ production cross sections in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV | PLB 721 (2013) 190 | |
| 7 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of the sum of $ \mathrm{ W } \mathrm{ W } $ and $ \mathrm{ W }\mathrm{ Z } $ production with $ \mathrm{ W }^+ $dijet events in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=$ 7 TeV | EPJC 73 (2013) 2283 | CMS-SMP-12-015 1210.7544 |
| 8 | ATLAS Collaboration | Measurement of $ \mathrm{ W }^+\mathrm{ W }^- $ production in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous WWZ and WW$ \gamma $ couplings | PRD 87 (2013) 112001 | 1210.2979 |
| 9 | CMS Collaboration | Measurements of the $ \mathrm{ZZ} $ production cross sections in the $ 2\ell 2\nu $ channel in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 7 and 8 TeV and combined constraints on triple gauge couplings | EPJC 75 (2015) 511 | CMS-SMP-12-016 1503.05467 |
| 10 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of the $ \mathrm{ W }^+ \mathrm{ W }^- $ cross section in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV and limits on anomalous gauge couplings | EPJC 76 (2016) 401 | CMS-SMP-14-016 1507.03268 |
| 11 | ATLAS Collaboration | Measurement of WZ production in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector | EPJC 72 (2012) 2173 | 1208.1390 |
| 12 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of the W$ \gamma $ and $ \mathrm{ Z }\gamma $ inclusive cross sections in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 7 TeV and limits on anomalous triple gauge boson couplings | PRD 89 (2014) 092005 | CMS-EWK-11-009 1308.6832 |
| 13 | ATLAS Collaboration | Measurements of $ \mathrm{ W }\gamma $ and $ \mathrm{ Z }\gamma $ production in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC | PRD 87 (2013) 112003 | 1302.1283 |
| 14 | CMS Collaboration | A search for $ WW\gamma $ and $ WZ\gamma $ production and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in $ pp $ collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV | PRD 90 (2014) 032008 | |
| 15 | ATLAS Collaboration | Measurement of exclusive $ \gamma\gamma\rightarrow \mathrm{ W }^+\mathrm{ W }^- $ production and search for exclusive Higgs boson production in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV using the ATLAS detector | PRD 94 (2016) 032011 | 1607.03745 |
| 16 | ATLAS Collaboration | Evidence for electroweak production of $ W^{\pm}W^{\pm}jj $ in $ pp $ collisions at $ \sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector | PRLett 113 (2014) 141803 | 1405.6241 |
| 17 | CMS Collaboration | Study of vector boson scattering and search for new physics in events with two same-sign leptons and two jets | PRL 114 (2015) 051801 | |
| 18 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of the hadronic activity in events with a Z and two jets and extraction of the cross section for the electroweak production of a Z with two jets in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 7 TeV | JHEP 10 (2013) 062 | CMS-FSQ-12-019 1305.7389 |
| 19 | CMS Collaboration | Evidence for exclusive $ \gamma\gamma \to \mathrm{ W }^+ \mathrm{ W }^- $ production and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 7 and 8 TeV | JHEP 08 (2016) 119 | CMS-FSQ-13-008 1604.04464 |
| 20 | ATLAS Collaboration | Measurement of the electroweak production of dijets in association with a Z-boson and distributions sensitive to vector boson fusion in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV using the ATLAS detector | JHEP 04 (2014) 031 | 1401.7610 |
| 21 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV | EPJC 75 (2014) 66 | |
| 22 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of electroweak production of a W boson and two forward jets in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} =$ 8 TeV | JHEP 11 (2016) 147 | CMS-SMP-13-012 1607.06975 |
| 23 | D. L. Rainwater, R. Szalapski, and D. Zeppenfeld | Probing color singlet exchange in Z + two jet events at the CERN LHC | PRD 54 (1996) 6680 | hep-ph/9605444 |
| 24 | V. A. Khoze, M. G. Ryskin, W. J. Stirling, and P. H. Williams | A Z monitor to calibrate Higgs production via vector boson fusion with rapidity gaps at the LHC | EPJC 26 (2003) 429 | hep-ph/0207365 |
| 25 | D. L. Rainwater, D. Zeppenfeld, and K. Hagiwara | Searching for H$ \to\tau^+\tau^- $ in weak boson fusion at the CERN LHC | PRD 59 (1998) 014037 | hep-ph/9808468 |
| 26 | T. Plehn, D. L. Rainwater, and D. Zeppenfeld | A method for identifying H$ \to\tau^+\tau^-\to \mathrm{ e }^\pm \mu^\mp {p\!\!\!/}_{\!\mathrm{T}} $ at the CERN LHC | PRD 61 (2000) 093005 | hep-ph/9911385 |
| 27 | D. L. Rainwater and D. Zeppenfeld | Observing $ H\to W^{(*)}W^{(*)} \to e^{\pm} \mu^{\mp} {p\!\!\!/}_{\!{T}} $ in weak boson fusion with dual forward jet tagging at the CERN LHC | PRD 60 (1999) 113004 | hep-ph/9906218 |
| 28 | N. Kauer, T. Plehn, D. L. Rainwater, and D. Zeppenfeld | $ H\to W^+W^- $ as the discovery mode for a light Higgs boson | PLB 503 (2001) 113 | hep-ph/0012351 |
| 29 | ATLAS Collaboration | Measurements of Z$ \gamma $ and Z$ \gamma\gamma $ production in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector | PRD 93 (2016) 112002 | 1604.05232 |
| 30 | ATLAS Collaboration | Evidence of W$ \gamma\gamma $ production in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV and limits on anomalous quartic gauge Couplings with the ATLAS detector | PRL 115 (2015) 031802 | 1503.03243 |
| 31 | F. Campanario, N. Kaiser, and D. Zeppenfeld | $ \mathrm{ W } \gamma $ production in vector boson fusion at NLO in QCD | PRD 89 (2014) 014009 | 1309.7259 |
| 32 | F. Campanario, M. Kerner, L. D. Ninh, and D. Zeppenfeld | Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to $ \mathrm{ W } \gamma $ production in association with two jets | EPJC 74 (2014) 2882 | 1402.0505 |
| 33 | CMS Collaboration | Performance of CMS muon reconstruction in pp collision events at $ \sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV | JINST 7 (2012) P10002 | CMS-MUO-10-004 1206.4071 |
| 34 | CMS Collaboration | The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC | JINST 3 (2008) S08004 | CMS-00-001 |
| 35 | CMS Collaboration | CMS Luminosity Based on Pixel Cluster Counting - Summer 2013 Update | CMS-PAS-LUM-13-001 | CMS-PAS-LUM-13-001 |
| 36 | J. Alwall et al. | MadGraph 5: going beyond | JHEP 06 (2011) 128 | 1106.0522 |
| 37 | J. Alwall et al. | The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations | JHEP 07 (2014) 079 | 1405.0301 |
| 38 | S. Catani, F. Krauss, R. Kuhn, and B. R. Webber | QCD matrix elements + parton showers | JHEP 11 (2001) 063 | hep-ph/0109231 |
| 39 | J. Alwall, S. de Visscher, and F. Maltoni | QCD radiation in the production of heavy colored particles at the LHC | JHEP 02 (2009) 017 | 0810.5350 |
| 40 | J. Alwall et al. | Comparative study of various algorithms for the merging of parton showers and matrix elements in hadronic collisions | EPJC 53 (2008) 473 | 0706.2569 |
| 41 | S. Hoeche et al. | Matching parton showers and matrix elements | in HERA and the LHC: A Workshop on the implications of HERA for LHC physics: Proceedings Part A 2006 | hep-ph/0602031 |
| 42 | J. Pumplin et al. | New generation of parton distributions with uncertainties from global QCD analysis | JHEP 07 (2002) 012 | hep-ph/0201195 |
| 43 | S. Alioli, P. Nason, C. Oleari, and E. Re | NLO single-top production matched with shower in POWHEG: $ s $- and $ t $-channel contributions | JHEP 09 (2009) 111 | 0907.4076 |
| 44 | E. Re | Single-top Wt-channel production matched with parton showers using the POWHEG method | EPJC 71 (2011) 1547 | 1009.2450 |
| 45 | P. M. Nadolsky et al. | Implications of CTEQ global analysis for collider observables | PRD 78 (2008) 013004 | 0802.0007 |
| 46 | T. Sjostrand, S. Mrenna, and P. Skands | PYTHIA 6.4 physics and manual | JHEP 05 (2006) 026 | hep-ph/0603175 |
| 47 | S. Jadach, J. H. Kuhn, and Z. Was | TAUOLA: a library of Monte Carlo programs to simulate decays of polarized $ \tau $ leptons | CPC 64 (1990), no. CERN-TH-5856-90, 275 | |
| 48 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of the underlying event activity at the LHC with $ \sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV and comparison with $ \sqrt{s} = $ 0.9 TeV | JHEP 11 (09) 109 | CMS-QCD-10-010 1107.0330 |
| 49 | CMS Collaboration | Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 0.9, 2.76, and 7 TeV | JHEP 04 (2013) 072 | CMS-FWD-11-003 1302.2394 |
| 50 | GEANT4 Collaboration | GEANT4 --- a simulation toolkit | NIMA 506 (2003) 250 | |
| 51 | CMS Collaboration | Performance of electron reconstruction and selection with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV | JINST 10 (2015) P06005 | CMS-EGM-13-001 1502.02701 |
| 52 | CMS Collaboration | Performance of photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV | JINST 10 (2015) P08010 | CMS-EGM-14-001 1502.02702 |
| 53 | J. Baglio et al. | Release note --- VBFNLO 2.7.0 | 1404.3940 | |
| 54 | K. Arnold et al. | VBFNLO: A parton level Monte Carlo for processes with electroweak bosons --- manual for version 2.5.0 | 1107.4038v1 | |
| 55 | K. Arnold et al. | VBFNLO: A parton level Monte Carlo for processes with electroweak bosons | CPC 180 (2009) 1661 | 0811.4559 |
| 56 | CMS Collaboration | Particle-flow event reconstruction in CMS and performance for jets, taus, and $ E_{\mathrm{T}}^{\text{miss}} $ | CDS | |
| 57 | CMS Collaboration | Commissioning of the Particle-flow Event Reconstruction with the first LHC collisions recorded in the CMS detector | CDS | |
| 58 | M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam, and G. Soyez | The anti-$ k_{\mathrm{t}} $ jet clustering algorithm | JHEP 04 (2008) 063 | 0802.1189 |
| 59 | CMS Collaboration | Pileup Jet Identification | CMS-PAS-JME-13-005 | CMS-PAS-JME-13-005 |
| 60 | CMS Collaboration | Identification and filtering of uncharacteristic noise in the CMS hadron calorimeter | JINST 5 (2010) T03014 | CMS-CFT-09-019 0911.4881 |
| 61 | M. Cacciari and G. P. Salam | Pileup subtraction using jet areas | PLB 659 (2008) 119 | |
| 62 | M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam, and G. Soyez | The catchment area of jets | JHEP 04 (2008) 005 | 0802.1188 |
| 63 | CMS Collaboration | Determination of jet energy calibration and transverse momentum resolution in CMS | JINST 6 (2011) P11002 | CMS-JME-10-011 1107.4277 |
| 64 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of the inclusive W and Z production cross sections in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV | JHEP 10 (2011) 132 | CMS-EWK-10-005 1107.4789 |
| 65 | CMS Collaboration | Identification of b-quark jets with the CMS experiment | JINST 8 (2013) P04013 | CMS-BTV-12-001 1211.4462 |
| 66 | CMS Collaboration | Measurement of $ \mathrm{ W }\gamma $ and $ \mathrm{ Z }\gamma $ production in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 7 TeV | PLB 701 (2011) 535 | CMS-EWK-10-008 1105.2758 |
| 67 | CMS Collaboration | Missing transverse energy performance of the CMS detector | JINST 6 (2011) P09001 | CMS-JME-10-009 1106.5048 |
| 68 | D. Stump et al. | Inclusive jet production, parton distributions, and the search for new physics | JHEP 10 (2003) 046 | hep-ph/0303013 |
| 69 | ATLAS Collaboration, CMS Collaboration, and LHC Higgs Combination Group | Procedure for the LHC Higgs boson search combination in summer 2011 | CMS-NOTE-2011-005 | |
| 70 | A. L. Read | Presentation of search results: the CL$ _s $ technique | JPG 28 (2002) 2693 | |
| 71 | T. Junk | Confidence level computation for combining searches with small statistics | NIMA 434 (1999) 435 | hep-ex/9902006 |
| 72 | O. J. P. Eboli, M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia, and J. K. Mizukoshi | $ \mathrm{p p} \to j j\, \mathrm{ e }^{\pm} \mu^{\mp} \nu \nu $ and $ j j\, \mathrm{ e }^{\pm} \mu^{\pm} \nu \nu $ at $ O(\alpha_{em}^{6}) $ and $ O(\alpha_{em}^4 \alpha_{s}^2) $ for the study of the quartic electroweak gauge boson vertex at CERN LHC | PRD 74 (2006) 073005 | hep-ph/0606118 |
| 73 | A. Wald | Tests of statistical hypotheses concerning several parameters when the number of observations is large | Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 54 (1943) 426 | |
| 74 | S. S. Wilks | The large-sample distribution of the likelihood ratio for testing composite hypotheses | Ann. Math. Statist. 9 (1938) 60 | |
| 75 | CMS Collaboration | Precise determination of the mass of the Higgs boson and tests of compatibility of its couplings with the standard model predictions using proton collisions at 7 and 8 TeV | EPJC 75 (2015) 212 | CMS-HIG-14-009 1412.8662 |
| 76 | G. J. Gounaris, J. Layssac, and F. M. Renard | Unitarity constraints for transverse gauge bosons at LEP and supercolliders | PLB 332 (1994) 146 | hep-ph/9311370 |
| 77 | CMS Collaboration | Study of exclusive two-photon production of $ \mathrm{ W }^+\mathrm{ W }^- $ in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = 7 $ TeV and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge couplings | JHEP 07 (2013) 116 | CMS-FSQ-12-010 1305.5596 |
|
|
Compact Muon Solenoid LHC, CERN |
|
|
|
|
|
|