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| CMS-EXO-20-006 ; CERN-EP-2023-115 | ||
| Search for Z' bosons decaying to pairs of heavy Majorana neutrinos in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 13 July 2023 | ||
| JHEP 11 (2023) 181 | ||
| Abstract: A search for the production of pairs of heavy Majorana neutrinos (N) from the decays of Z' bosons is performed using the CMS detector at the LHC. The data were collected in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV, with an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. The signature for the search is an excess in the invariant mass distribution of the final-state objects, two same-flavor leptons (e or $ \mu $) and at least two jets. No significant excess of events beyond the expected background is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the Z' production cross section and its branching fraction to a pair of N, as functions of N and Z' boson masses ($ m_{\mathrm{N}} $ and $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} $, respectively) for $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} $ from 0.4 to 4.6 TeV and $ m_{\mathrm{N}} $ from 0.1 TeV to $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}}/ $ 2. In the theoretical framework of a left-right symmetric model, exclusion bounds in the $ m_{\mathrm{N}}-m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} $ plane are presented in both the electron and muon channels. The observed upper limit on $ m_{\mathrm{Z}^{'}} $ reaches up to 4.42 TeV. These are the most restrictive limits to date on the mass of N as a function of the Z' boson mass. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2307.06959 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Feynman diagram representing the pair production of N via Z' boson exchange, where $ \ell = $ e or $ \mu $. Each N decays into a lepton and two quarks, and we assume that the W$_{\mathrm{R}}^{\pm}$ is heavier than the N. Both opposite- and same-sign dileptons from the decays of the heavy neutrino pair are allowed, because of the Majorana nature of N. |
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Figure 2:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR1 (e$\mu$), which consists of flavor sidebands of SR1 (upper), SR2 (middle), and SR3 (lower) regions. Pre-fit (post-fit) results are shown on the left (right). The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The contribution from DY events is too small to be visible on these plots. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
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Figure 2-a:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR1 (e$\mu$), which consists of flavor sidebands of the SR1 region (no AK8 jet). Pre-fit results are shown. The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The contribution from DY events is too small to be visible. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
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Figure 2-b:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR1 (e$\mu$), which consists of flavor sidebands of the SR1 region (no AK8 jet). Post-fit results are shown. The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The contribution from DY events is too small to be visible. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
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Figure 2-c:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR1 (e$\mu$), which consists of flavor sidebands of the SR2 region (1 AK8 jet). Pre-fit results are shown. The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The contribution from DY events is too small to be visible. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
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Figure 2-d:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR1 (e$\mu$), which consists of flavor sidebands of the SR2 region (1 AK8 jet). Post-fit results are shown. The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The contribution from DY events is too small to be visible. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-e:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR1 (e$\mu$), which consists of flavor sidebands of the SR3 region ($\geq$2 AK8 jet). Pre-fit results are shown. The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The contribution from DY events is too small to be visible. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-f:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR1 (e$\mu$), which consists of flavor sidebands of SR1 (upper), SR2 (middle), and SR3 (lower) regions. Pre-fit (post-fit) results are shown on the left (right). The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The contribution from DY events is too small to be visible on these plots. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 3:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR2 (ee and $ \mu\mu $), which consists of the dilepton mass sidebands of SR1 (upper), SR2 (middle), and SR3 (lower) regions. Post-fit dielectron (dimuon) channel results are shown on the left (right). The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-a:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR2 (ee and $ \mu\mu $), which consists of the dilepton mass sidebands of SR1 (no AK8 jet). Post-fit dielectron channel results are shown. The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR2 (ee and $ \mu\mu $), which consists of the dilepton mass sidebands of SR1 (no AK8 jet). Post-fit dimuon channel results are shown. The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-c:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR2 (ee and $ \mu\mu $), which consists of the dilepton mass sidebands of SR2 (1 AK8 jet). Post-fit dielectron channel results are shown. The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-d:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR2 (ee and $ \mu\mu $), which consists of the dilepton mass sidebands of SR2 (1 AK8 jet). Post-fit dimuon channel results are shown. The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-e:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR2 (ee and $ \mu\mu $), which consists of the dilepton mass sidebands of SR3 ($\geq$2 AK8 jet). Post-fit dielectron channel results are shown. The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-f:
Reconstructed mass of the Z' candidate in CR2 (ee and $ \mu\mu $), which consists of the dilepton mass sidebands of SR4 ($\geq$2 AK8 jet). Post-fit dimuon channel results are shown. The fitting procedure is described in Section 7. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
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Figure 4:
Distributions of the reconstructed Z' candidate mass in SR1 (upper row), SR2 (middle row) and SR3 (lower row). The left (right) column corresponds to the dielectron (dimuon) channel. Signal samples with $ (m_{\mathrm{Z'}}, m_{\mathrm{N}}) = $ (1000, 100) GeV, (1000, 300) GeV, (4000, 200) GeV, and (4000, 1200) GeV are shown together with a reference cross section times branching fraction of 1 fb. The lower panel of each plot shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-a:
Distributions of the reconstructed Z' candidate mass in SR1 (no AK8 jet), for the dielectron channel. Signal samples with $ (m_{\mathrm{Z'}}, m_{\mathrm{N}}) = $ (1000, 100) GeV, (1000, 300) GeV, (4000, 200) GeV, and (4000, 1200) GeV are shown together with a reference cross section times branching fraction of 1 fb. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-b:
Distributions of the reconstructed Z' candidate mass in SR1 (no AK8 jet), for the dimuon channel. Signal samples with $ (m_{\mathrm{Z'}}, m_{\mathrm{N}}) = $ (1000, 100) GeV, (1000, 300) GeV, (4000, 200) GeV, and (4000, 1200) GeV are shown together with a reference cross section times branching fraction of 1 fb. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-c:
Distributions of the reconstructed Z' candidate mass in SR2 (1 AK8 jet), for the dielectron channel. Signal samples with $ (m_{\mathrm{Z'}}, m_{\mathrm{N}}) = $ (1000, 100) GeV, (1000, 300) GeV, (4000, 200) GeV, and (4000, 1200) GeV are shown together with a reference cross section times branching fraction of 1 fb. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-d:
Distributions of the reconstructed Z' candidate mass in SR2 (1 AK8 jet), for the dimuon channel. Signal samples with $ (m_{\mathrm{Z'}}, m_{\mathrm{N}}) = $ (1000, 100) GeV, (1000, 300) GeV, (4000, 200) GeV, and (4000, 1200) GeV are shown together with a reference cross section times branching fraction of 1 fb. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-e:
Distributions of the reconstructed Z' candidate mass in SR3 ($\geq$2 AK8 jet), for the dielectron channel. Signal samples with $ (m_{\mathrm{Z'}}, m_{\mathrm{N}}) = $ (1000, 100) GeV, (1000, 300) GeV, (4000, 200) GeV, and (4000, 1200) GeV are shown together with a reference cross section times branching fraction of 1 fb. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-f:
Distributions of the reconstructed Z' candidate mass in SR4 ($\geq$2 AK8 jet), for the dimuon channel. Signal samples with $ (m_{\mathrm{Z'}}, m_{\mathrm{N}}) = $ (1000, 100) GeV, (1000, 300) GeV, (4000, 200) GeV, and (4000, 1200) GeV are shown together with a reference cross section times branching fraction of 1 fb. The lower panel shows the ratio of observed events to expected background. |
png pdf |
Figure 5:
The observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of Z' boson cross section and branching fraction are shown for the case of $ m_{\mathrm{N}} = m_{\mathrm{Z'}} / $4 (upper row) and $ m_{\mathrm{N}} = $ 100 GeV (lower row) for dielectron (left column) and dimuon (right column) channels. The green and yellow bands indicate the 68% and 95% CL regions around the expected limit. The red lines represent values coming from the benchmark LRSM model [45]. Both opposite- and same-sign dileptons from decays of heavy neutrino pairs are considered. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
The observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of Z' boson cross section and branching fraction are shown for the case of $ m_{\mathrm{N}} = m_{\mathrm{Z'}} / $4 for the dielectron channel. The green and yellow bands indicate the 68% and 95% CL regions around the expected limit. The red lines represent values coming from the benchmark LRSM model [45]. Both opposite- and same-sign dileptons from decays of heavy neutrino pairs are considered. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
The observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of Z' boson cross section and branching fraction are shown for the case of $ m_{\mathrm{N}} = m_{\mathrm{Z'}} / $4 for the dimuon channel. The green and yellow bands indicate the 68% and 95% CL regions around the expected limit. The red lines represent values coming from the benchmark LRSM model [45]. Both opposite- and same-sign dileptons from decays of heavy neutrino pairs are considered. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-c:
The observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of Z' boson cross section and branching fraction are shown for the case of $ m_{\mathrm{N}} = $ 100 GeV for the dielectron channel. The green and yellow bands indicate the 68% and 95% CL regions around the expected limit. The red lines represent values coming from the benchmark LRSM model [45]. Both opposite- and same-sign dileptons from decays of heavy neutrino pairs are considered. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-d:
The observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on the product of Z' boson cross section and branching fraction are shown for the case of $ m_{\mathrm{N}} = $ 100 GeV for the dimuon channel. The green and yellow bands indicate the 68% and 95% CL regions around the expected limit. The red lines represent values coming from the benchmark LRSM model [45]. Both opposite- and same-sign dileptons from decays of heavy neutrino pairs are considered. |
png pdf |
Figure 6:
Observed and expected exclusion regions at 95% CL in the 2D phase space of $ m_{\mathrm{Z'}} $ vs. $ m_{\mathrm{N}} $ for dielectron (left) and dimuon (right) channels. One standard deviation (s.d.) limits are also shown. Both opposite- and same-sign (OS and SS) dileptons from decays of heavy neutrino pairs are considered. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-a:
Observed and expected exclusion regions at 95% CL in the 2D phase space of $ m_{\mathrm{Z'}} $ vs. $ m_{\mathrm{N}} $ for the dielectron channel. One standard deviation (s.d.) limits are also shown. Both opposite- and same-sign (OS and SS) dileptons from decays of heavy neutrino pairs are considered. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-b:
Observed and expected exclusion regions at 95% CL in the 2D phase space of $ m_{\mathrm{Z'}} $ vs. $ m_{\mathrm{N}} $ for the dimuon channel. One standard deviation (s.d.) limits are also shown. Both opposite- and same-sign (OS and SS) dileptons from decays of heavy neutrino pairs are considered. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Multiplicity requirements for AK8 jets, tight leptons and AK4 jets in the different signal regions considered in the search. |
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Table 2:
Systematic uncertainties and their impacts on the total number of events in the signal regions. |
| Summary |
| A search for the pair production of heavy Majorana neutrinos (N) via the decay of a Z' boson, in a final state with two same-flavor leptons and at least two reconstructed jets has been performed in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using LHC 2016--2018 data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. No significant excess of events beyond the expected background is observed. Upper limits on the product of signal cross section and branching fraction in the context of a left-right symmetry model scenario are set [45]. Exclusion regions in the dielectron and dimuon channels are set at 95% confidence level. These are the first results of a search for this process at 13 TeV and are the most restrictive limits to date on the mass of N as a function of the Z' boson mass. |
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