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CMS-B2G-17-001 ; CERN-EP-2017-184
Search for massive resonances decaying into WW, WZ, ZZ, qW, and qZ with dijet final states at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV
Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 072006
Abstract: Results are presented from a search in the dijet final state for new massive narrow resonances decaying to pairs of W andZ bosons or to a W/Z boson and a quark. Results are based on data recorded in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The mass range investigated extends upwards from 1.2 TeV. No excess is observed above the estimated standard model background and limits are set at 95% confidence level on cross sections, which are interpreted in terms of various models that predict gravitons, heavy spin-1 bosons, and excited quarks. In a heavy vector triplet model, W' and Z' resonances with masses below 3.6 and 2.7 TeV, respectively, are excluded at 95% confidence level. Similarly, excited quark resonances, $\mathrm{ q }^*$, decaying to qW and qZ with masses less than 5.0 and 4.8 TeV, respectively, are excluded. In a narrow-width bulk graviton model, upper limits are set on cross sections ranging from 0.6 fb for high resonance masses of 4.1 TeV, to 37.1 fb for low resonance masses of 1.3 TeV. This search sets the most stringent mass limits to date on a $\mathrm{ q }^*$ resonance in the qW and qZ decay mode, as well as on a W' or Z' resonance in the diboson decay mode.
Figures & Tables Summary Additional Figures References CMS Publications
Figures

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Figure 1:
Trigger efficiencies for jets passing the inclusive triggers (black), the ${H_{\mathrm {T}}}$ triggers (blue) or the substructure triggers only (green) as a function of dijet mass for the data-taking period with the highest trigger thresholds. Events are required to contain one jet (left) or two jets (right) with a soft-drop mass within the signal window of the analysis. The vertical red line marks the selected threshold value.

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Figure 1-a:
Trigger efficiencies for jets passing the inclusive triggers (black), the ${H_{\mathrm {T}}}$ triggers (blue) or the substructure triggers only (green) as a function of dijet mass for the data-taking period with the highest trigger thresholds. Events are required to contain one jet with a soft-drop mass within the signal window of the analysis. The vertical red line marks the selected threshold value.

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Figure 1-b:
Trigger efficiencies for jets passing the inclusive triggers (black), the ${H_{\mathrm {T}}}$ triggers (blue) or the substructure triggers only (green) as a function of dijet mass for the data-taking period with the highest trigger thresholds. Events are required to contain two jets with a soft-drop mass within the signal window of the analysis. The vertical red line marks the selected threshold value.

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Figure 2:
The PUPPI soft-drop jet mass distribution (left) after preselecting and requiring $ {\tau _{21}}< $ 0.35, and the PUPPI N-subjettiness $ {\tau _{21}}$ distribution (right) for data and simulated samples after preselection and requiring a soft-drop mass of 65 $ \leq {m_{\text {jet}}}\leq $ 105 GeV. The multijet production is shown for three different event generators. The W+jets and Z+jets events are stacked on top of the multijet sample generated with PYTHIA 8. For the PUPPI soft-drop jet mass distribution, the ${m_\mathrm {jj}}{}$ requirement has been raised from the analysis threshold of 1050 GeV to 1080 GeV, since no requirements on the jet mass are applied. The lower subplots show the data over simulation ratio per bin.

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Figure 2-a:
The PUPPI soft-drop jet mass distribution after preselecting and requiring $ {\tau _{21}}< $ 0.35. The multijet production is shown for three different event generators. The W+jets and Z+jets events are stacked on top of the multijet sample generated with PYTHIA 8. For the PUPPI soft-drop jet mass distribution, the ${m_\mathrm {jj}}{}$ requirement has been raised from the analysis threshold of 1050 GeV to 1080 GeV, since no requirements on the jet mass are applied. The lower subplots show the data over simulation ratio per bin.

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Figure 2-b:
The PUPPI N-subjettiness $ {\tau _{21}}$ distribution (right) for data and simulated samples after preselection and requiring a soft-drop mass of 65 $ \leq {m_{\text {jet}}}\leq $ 105 GeV. The multijet production is shown for three different event generators. The W+jets and Z+jets events are stacked on top of the multijet sample generated with PYTHIA 8. For the PUPPI soft-drop jet mass distribution, the ${m_\mathrm {jj}}{}$ requirement has been raised from the analysis threshold of 1050 GeV to 1080 GeV, since no requirements on the jet mass are applied. The lower subplots show the data over simulation ratio per bin.

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Figure 3:
Dijet invariant mass distribution for different signal mass hypotheses of the $\mathrm{ q } ^*\rightarrow \mathrm {q}\mathrm{ Z } $ model (left) and the bulk graviton decaying to a pair of $\mathrm{ Z } $ bosons (right) used to extract the signal shape in the HP category.

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Figure 3-a:
Dijet invariant mass distribution for different signal mass hypotheses of the $\mathrm{ q } ^*\rightarrow \mathrm {q}\mathrm{ Z } $ model.

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Figure 3-b:
Dijet invariant mass distribution for different signal mass hypotheses of the bulk graviton decaying to a pair of $\mathrm{ Z } $ bosons.

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Figure 4:
The dijet invariant mass distribution ${m_\mathrm {jj}} $ in data. On the left, the HP, and on the right, the LP categories are shown for the WW, WZ, and ZZ categories, from upper to lower. The solid curve represents a background-only fit to the data distribution where the red shaded area corresponds to the one standard deviation statistical uncertainty of the fit. The dashed line shows the signal shape for a bulk Graviton or W' of mass 2 TeV. The lower panels show the corresponding pull distributions, quantifying the agreement between a background-only fit and the data. Note that these fits do not represent the best fit hypotheses used in the statistical analysis where signal-plus-background fits are performed.

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Figure 4-a:
The dijet invariant mass distribution ${m_\mathrm {jj}} $ in data, for the HP WW category. The solid curve represents a background-only fit to the data distribution where the red shaded area corresponds to the one standard deviation statistical uncertainty of the fit. The dashed line shows the signal shape for a bulk Graviton or W' of mass 2 TeV. The lower panel shows the corresponding pull distributions, quantifying the agreement between a background-only fit and the data. Note that these fits do not represent the best fit hypotheses used in the statistical analysis where signal-plus-background fits are performed.

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Figure 4-b:
The dijet invariant mass distribution ${m_\mathrm {jj}} $ in data, for the LP WW category. The solid curve represents a background-only fit to the data distribution where the red shaded area corresponds to the one standard deviation statistical uncertainty of the fit. The dashed line shows the signal shape for a bulk Graviton or W' of mass 2 TeV. The lower panel shows the corresponding pull distributions, quantifying the agreement between a background-only fit and the data. Note that these fits do not represent the best fit hypotheses used in the statistical analysis where signal-plus-background fits are performed.

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Figure 4-c:
The dijet invariant mass distribution ${m_\mathrm {jj}} $ in data, for the HP WZ category. The solid curve represents a background-only fit to the data distribution where the red shaded area corresponds to the one standard deviation statistical uncertainty of the fit. The dashed line shows the signal shape for a bulk Graviton or W' of mass 2 TeV. The lower panel shows the corresponding pull distributions, quantifying the agreement between a background-only fit and the data. Note that these fits do not represent the best fit hypotheses used in the statistical analysis where signal-plus-background fits are performed.

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Figure 4-d:
The dijet invariant mass distribution ${m_\mathrm {jj}} $ in data, for the LP WZ category. The solid curve represents a background-only fit to the data distribution where the red shaded area corresponds to the one standard deviation statistical uncertainty of the fit. The dashed line shows the signal shape for a bulk Graviton or W' of mass 2 TeV. The lower panel shows the corresponding pull distributions, quantifying the agreement between a background-only fit and the data. Note that these fits do not represent the best fit hypotheses used in the statistical analysis where signal-plus-background fits are performed.

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Figure 4-e:
The dijet invariant mass distribution ${m_\mathrm {jj}} $ in data, for the HP ZZ category. The solid curve represents a background-only fit to the data distribution where the red shaded area corresponds to the one standard deviation statistical uncertainty of the fit. The dashed line shows the signal shape for a bulk Graviton or W' of mass 2 TeV. The lower panel shows the corresponding pull distributions, quantifying the agreement between a background-only fit and the data. Note that these fits do not represent the best fit hypotheses used in the statistical analysis where signal-plus-background fits are performed.

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Figure 4-f:
The dijet invariant mass distribution ${m_\mathrm {jj}} $ in data, for the LP ZZ category. The solid curve represents a background-only fit to the data distribution where the red shaded area corresponds to the one standard deviation statistical uncertainty of the fit. The dashed line shows the signal shape for a bulk Graviton or W' of mass 2 TeV. The lower panel shows the corresponding pull distributions, quantifying the agreement between a background-only fit and the data. Note that these fits do not represent the best fit hypotheses used in the statistical analysis where signal-plus-background fits are performed.

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Figure 5:
The dijet invariant mass distribution ${m_\mathrm {jj}} $ in data. On the left, the HP, and on the right, the LP categories are shown for the qW and qZ categories, from upper to lower. The solid curve represents a background-only fit to the data distribution where the red shaded area corresponds to the one standard deviation statistical uncertainty of the fit. The dashed line shows the signal shape for a $\mathrm{ q } ^*$ with a mass of 4 TeV. The lower panels show the corresponding pull distributions, quantifying the agreement between a background-only fit and the data. Note that these fits do not represent the best-fit hypotheses used in the statistical analysis where signal-plus-background fits are performed.

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Figure 5-a:
The dijet invariant mass distribution ${m_\mathrm {jj}} $ in data, for the HP qW category. The solid curve represents a background-only fit to the data distribution where the red shaded area corresponds to the one standard deviation statistical uncertainty of the fit. The dashed line shows the signal shape for a $\mathrm{ q } ^*$ with a mass of 4 TeV. The lower panel shows the corresponding pull distributions, quantifying the agreement between a background-only fit and the data. Note that these fits do not represent the best-fit hypotheses used in the statistical analysis where signal-plus-background fits are performed.

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Figure 5-b:
The dijet invariant mass distribution ${m_\mathrm {jj}} $ in data, for the LP qW category. The solid curve represents a background-only fit to the data distribution where the red shaded area corresponds to the one standard deviation statistical uncertainty of the fit. The dashed line shows the signal shape for a $\mathrm{ q } ^*$ with a mass of 4 TeV. The lower panel shows the corresponding pull distributions, quantifying the agreement between a background-only fit and the data. Note that these fits do not represent the best-fit hypotheses used in the statistical analysis where signal-plus-background fits are performed.

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Figure 5-c:
The dijet invariant mass distribution ${m_\mathrm {jj}} $ in data, for the HP qZ category. The solid curve represents a background-only fit to the data distribution where the red shaded area corresponds to the one standard deviation statistical uncertainty of the fit. The dashed line shows the signal shape for a $\mathrm{ q } ^*$ with a mass of 4 TeV. The lower panel shows the corresponding pull distributions, quantifying the agreement between a background-only fit and the data. Note that these fits do not represent the best-fit hypotheses used in the statistical analysis where signal-plus-background fits are performed.

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Figure 5-d:
The dijet invariant mass distribution ${m_\mathrm {jj}} $ in data, for the LP qZ category. The solid curve represents a background-only fit to the data distribution where the red shaded area corresponds to the one standard deviation statistical uncertainty of the fit. The dashed line shows the signal shape for a $\mathrm{ q } ^*$ with a mass of 4 TeV. The lower panel shows the corresponding pull distributions, quantifying the agreement between a background-only fit and the data. Note that these fits do not represent the best-fit hypotheses used in the statistical analysis where signal-plus-background fits are performed.

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Figure 6:
Observed (black solid) and expected (black dashed) 95% C.L. upper limits on the production cross section of a narrow-width resonance decaying to a pair of vector bosons for different signal hypotheses. Limits are set (upper left plot) on a spin-1 neutral Z' and a spin-2 resonance decaying into WW, and compared with the prediction of the HVT model B (blue line) and a bulk graviton model with $ {\tilde{k}} = $ 0.5 (red line). Limits are also set in the context of a bulk graviton decaying into ZZ (upper right) with $ \tilde{k} = $ 0.5 and a spin-1 charged resonance decaying into WZ (lower left) and compared with the predictions of the models. Signal cross section uncertainties are displayed as cross-hatched bands. The plot on the lower right shows the 95% exclusion bounds on the signal strength for the triplet hypothesis of the HVT model B.

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Figure 6-a:
Observed (black solid) and expected (black dashed) 95% C.L. upper limits on the production cross section of a narrow-width resonance decaying to a pair of vector bosons for different signal hypotheses. Limits are set on a spin-1 neutral Z' and a spin-2 resonance decaying into WW, and compared with the prediction of the HVT model B (blue line) and a bulk graviton model with $ {\tilde{k}} = $ 0.5 (red line).

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Figure 6-b:
Observed (black solid) and expected (black dashed) 95% C.L. upper limits on the production cross section of a narrow-width resonance decaying to a pair of vector bosons for different signal hypotheses. Limits are set in the context of a bulk graviton decaying into

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Figure 6-c:
Observed (black solid) and expected (black dashed) 95% C.L. upper limits on the production cross section of a narrow-width resonance decaying to a pair of vector bosons for different signal hypotheses. Limits are set in the context of a bulk graviton decaying into a spin-1 charged resonance decaying into WZ and compared with the predictions of the models. Signal cross section uncertainties are displayed as cross-hatched bands.

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Figure 6-d:
The plot shows the 95% exclusion bounds on the signal strength for the triplet hypothesis of the HVT model B.

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Figure 7:
Exclusion regions in the plane of the HVT model couplings for three resonance masses of 1.5, 2, and 3.5 TeV. The point B indicates the values of the coupling parameters used in the benchmark model. The regions of the plane excluded by this search lie outside of the boundaries indicated by the solid and dashed lines. The areas indicated by the solid shading correspond to regions where the theoretical width is larger than the experimental resolution of the present search and the narrow-resonance assumption is therefore not satisfied.

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Figure 8:
Observed (black solid) and expected (black dashed) 95% CL upper limits on the production of an excited quark resonance decaying into qW (left) or qZ (right) as a function of resonance mass. Signal cross section uncertainties are displayed as red cross-hatched bands.

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Figure 8-a:
Observed (black solid) and expected (black dashed) 95% CL upper limits on the production of an excited quark resonance decaying into qW as a function of resonance mass. Signal cross section uncertainties are displayed as red cross-hatched bands.

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Figure 8-b:
Observed (black solid) and expected (black dashed) 95% CL upper limits on the production of an excited quark resonance decaying into qZ as a function of resonance mass. Signal cross section uncertainties are displayed as red cross-hatched bands.
Tables

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Table 1:
Data versus simulation scale factors for the efficiency of the ${\tau _{21}}{} $ selection used in this analysis, as extracted from a top quark enriched data sample and from simulation.

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Table 2:
Summary of the signal systematic uncertainties for the analysis and their impact on the event yield in the signal region and on the reconstructed ${m_\mathrm {jj}}$ shape (mean and width). The jet mass and V tagging uncertainties result in migrations between event categories. The effects of the PDF and scale uncertainties in the signal cross section are not included as nuisance parameters in the limit setting procedure, but are assigned to the theory predictions.
Summary
A search is presented for new massive narrow resonances decaying to WW, ZZ, WZ, qW, or qZ, in which the bosons decay hadronically into dijet final states. Hadronic W and Z boson decays are identified by requiring a jet with mass compatible with the W or Z boson mass, respectively. Additional information from jet substructure is used to reduce the background from multijet production. No evidence is found for a signal and upper limits on the resonance production cross section are set as function of the resonance mass. The results are interpreted in the context of the bulk graviton model, heavy vector triplet W' and Z' resonances, and excited quark resonances $\mathrm{ q }^*$. For the heavy vector triplet model B, we exclude W' and Z' resonances with masses below 3.6 and 2.7 TeV, respectively. In the narrow-width bulk graviton model, production cross sections are excluded in the range from 37.1 fb for a resonance mass of 1.3 TeV, to the most stringent limit of 0.6 fb for high resonance masses above 4.0 TeV. Exclusion limits are set at 95% confidence level on the production of excited quark resonances $\mathrm{ q }^*$ decaying to qW and qZ for masses less than 5.0 and 4.8 TeV, respectively. This search sets the most stringent mass limits to date on a $\mathrm{ q }^*$ resonance that decays to qW and qZ, as well as on a W' or Z' resonance that decays to two vector bosons.
Additional Figures

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Additional Figure 1:
Comparison between ungroomed and softdop jet masses in MC simulation.

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Additional Figure 2:
Event display for a VV candidate in the ZZ high-purity category.

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Additional Figure 3:
Event display for a VV candidate in the ZZ high-purity category.

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Additional Figure 4:
Event display for a VV candidate in the ZZ high-purity category.

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Additional Figure 5:
Event display for a jet from the high-purity Z category.

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Additional Figure 6:
Event display for a jet from the high-purity Z category.

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Additional Figure 7:
Event display for a VV candidate in the ZZ high-purity category.

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Additional Figure 8:
Event display for a VV candidate in the WW high-purity category.

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Additional Figure 9:
Event display for a VV candidate in the WW high-purity category.

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Additional Figure 10:
Event display for a jet from the high-purity W category.

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Additional Figure 11:
Event display for a qV candidate in the qW high-purity category.

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Additional Figure 12:
Event display for a qV candidate in the qW high-purity category.

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Additional Figure 13:
Event display for a qV candidate in the qW high-purity category.

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Additional Figure 14:
Tagging efficiency for a bulk graviton decaying to WW.

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Additional Figure 15:
Tagging efficiency for a bulk graviton decaying to ZZ.

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Additional Figure 16:
Tagging efficiency for $\mathrm{ Z' \rightarrow WW }$.

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Additional Figure 17:
Tagging efficiency for $\mathrm{ W' \rightarrow WZ }$.

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Additional Figure 18:
Tagging efficiency for $\mathrm{ q{^*} \rightarrow qW }$.
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