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| CMS-PAS-SMP-25-005 | ||
| Measurement of the fragmentation properties of $ \Upsilon(\mathrm{nS}) $ mesons inside jets in $ \mathrm{pp} $ collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 2026-03-18 | ||
| Abstract: A measurement of the fragmentation properties of $ \Upsilon(\mathrm{nS}) $ mesons inside jets using 138 fb$ ^{-1} $ of proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV is presented. The $ \Upsilon(\mathrm{nS}) $ mesons are reconstructed via their decays to pairs of oppositely charged muons and are associated with anti-$ k_{\mathrm{T}} $ jets if both muons are clustered among the jet constituents and the angular distance between the $ \Upsilon(\mathrm{nS}) $ candidate and the jet axis is smaller than the jet distance parameter, $ R = $ 0.4. The longitudinal and transverse projections of the momenta of the $ \Upsilon(\mathrm{nS}) $ mesons along the momenta of the corresponding jets are studied and corrected for detector effects, and the experimental uncertainties in the measurements are evaluated. The results are compared with Monte Carlo predictions, including recent developments in quarkonia production in parton showers. The description of the data by these Monte Carlo predictions is found to be unsatisfactory, leaving room for improvements in the modelling of such processes. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Example diagrams for the hard production of $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(nS)}} $ mesons in the colour singlet (left) and colour octet mechanisms (right). |
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Figure 1-a:
Example diagrams for the hard production of $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(nS)}} $ mesons in the colour singlet (left) and colour octet mechanisms (right). |
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Figure 1-b:
Example diagrams for the hard production of $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(nS)}} $ mesons in the colour singlet (left) and colour octet mechanisms (right). |
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Figure 2:
Fits to the invariant mass distributions of $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(nS)}} $ candidates in two representative ranges of the jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and the fragmentation variables $ z $ (left) and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\text{rel}} $ (right). The fit components, including signal and background functions, are also shown on the top panels. The lower panel shows the difference between the data and the fitted function, divided by the statistical uncertainty on the data. The model shows, in general, a good agreement with the data. |
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Figure 2-a:
Fits to the invariant mass distributions of $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(nS)}} $ candidates in two representative ranges of the jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and the fragmentation variables $ z $ (left) and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\text{rel}} $ (right). The fit components, including signal and background functions, are also shown on the top panels. The lower panel shows the difference between the data and the fitted function, divided by the statistical uncertainty on the data. The model shows, in general, a good agreement with the data. |
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Figure 2-b:
Fits to the invariant mass distributions of $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(nS)}} $ candidates in two representative ranges of the jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and the fragmentation variables $ z $ (left) and $ p_{\mathrm{T}}^{\text{rel}} $ (right). The fit components, including signal and background functions, are also shown on the top panels. The lower panel shows the difference between the data and the fitted function, divided by the statistical uncertainty on the data. The model shows, in general, a good agreement with the data. |
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Figure 3:
Detector-level distributions of the longitudinal profile for $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ mesons (left) and transverse profile for $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}} $ mesons (right) for two different ranges of the jet transverse momentum. The error bars on the data distributions represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 3-a:
Detector-level distributions of the longitudinal profile for $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ mesons (left) and transverse profile for $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}} $ mesons (right) for two different ranges of the jet transverse momentum. The error bars on the data distributions represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 3-b:
Detector-level distributions of the longitudinal profile for $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ mesons (left) and transverse profile for $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}} $ mesons (right) for two different ranges of the jet transverse momentum. The error bars on the data distributions represent the statistical uncertainties. |
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Figure 4:
Transfer matrices for the longitudinal profile of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ mesons (left) and for the transverse profile of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}} $ (right). |
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Figure 4-a:
Transfer matrices for the longitudinal profile of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ mesons (left) and for the transverse profile of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}} $ (right). |
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Figure 4-b:
Transfer matrices for the longitudinal profile of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ mesons (left) and for the transverse profile of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}} $ (right). |
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Figure 5:
Relative values of the systematic uncertainties discussed in the text, together with the total uncertainty band, for the longitudinal and transverse profiles of $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}} $ mesons in jets with 75 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 100 GeV. |
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Figure 5-a:
Relative values of the systematic uncertainties discussed in the text, together with the total uncertainty band, for the longitudinal and transverse profiles of $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}} $ mesons in jets with 75 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 100 GeV. |
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Figure 5-b:
Relative values of the systematic uncertainties discussed in the text, together with the total uncertainty band, for the longitudinal and transverse profiles of $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}} $ mesons in jets with 75 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 100 GeV. |
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Figure 6:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
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Figure 6-a:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
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Figure 6-b:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
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Figure 6-c:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
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Figure 6-d:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
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Figure 6-e:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
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Figure 6-f:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(1S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
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Figure 7:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
png pdf |
Figure 7-a:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
png pdf |
Figure 7-b:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
png pdf |
Figure 7-c:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
png pdf |
Figure 7-d:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
png pdf |
Figure 7-e:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
png pdf |
Figure 7-f:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(2S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
png pdf |
Figure 8:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
png pdf |
Figure 8-a:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
png pdf |
Figure 8-b:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
png pdf |
Figure 8-c:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
png pdf |
Figure 8-d:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
png pdf |
Figure 8-e:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
png pdf |
Figure 8-f:
Particle-level results for the longitudinal (left) and transverse profiles (right) of jets containing $ \Upsilon{\textrm{(3S)}} $ mesons in three different $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ regions. The data (black points) are compared to the expectations of PYTHIA 8.2 with the CP1 (blue) and CP5 tunes (red), as well as the PYTHIA 8.3 predictions with the CP1 (green) and CP5 tunes (violet). |
| Summary |
| A measurement of the fragmentation variables of $ \Upsilon(\mathrm{nS}) $ quarkonia inside jets is presented. The measurement is performed using the dimuon decays of the $ \Upsilon(\mathrm{nS}) $ mesons and the jets in which the dimuon system is embedded. As muons account for a significant fraction of the jet momentum, a special calibration is derived by taking into account only the hadronic part of the jet, correcting for biases in the jet response. Corrections for muon energy and momentum scale, muon efficiency, jet energy resolution, pileup, and trigger prefiring are applied to the MC samples to correct for the differences observed with respect to data. The measured variables include the longitudinal profile $z$, i.e the fraction of the jet momentum carried by the $ \Upsilon$ in the direction of the jet axis, and the transverse profile, i.e. the momentum of the $ \Upsilon$ meson in the direction perpendicular to the jet axis. The results are unfolded to particle level using the D'Agostini iterative method and the experimental uncertainties affecting jets, muons, the unfolding, and other physics effects are estimated. The results are compared with the predictions from PYTHIA {}\,8.240, which makes use of both the CP1 and CP5 tunes, as well as with the PYTHIA {}\,8.310 predictions, which uses an alternative approach for the generation of quarkonia in jets. The results, as already observed for $J/\Psi$ mesons in previous measurements by CMS and LHCb, show important discrepancies between the data and the predictions, pointing to $ \Upsilon$ mesons carrying a smaller energy fraction of the jet than what is predicted in the PYTHIA implementations of nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD). While the PYTHIA {}\,8.3 improvements tend to go in the correct direction, showing less isolated quarkonia, these results suggest that further tuning is needed to achieve a satisfactory description. It is expected that the present measurement will add useful information to the so-called quarkonia polarization puzzle, by adding more data for potential fits of the long-distance matrix elements for $ \Upsilon(\mathrm{nS}) $ production in NRQCD. |
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