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CMS-PAS-B2G-17-004
Search for a heavy resonance decaying into a vector boson and a Higgs boson in semileptonic final states at $\sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV
Abstract: A search for heavy resonances decaying into a vector boson and the standard model Higgs boson is presented, in final states containing b quark-antiquark pairs from the decay of the Higgs boson and leptons (electrons and muons) or missing transverse momentum, because of undetected neutrinos, from the decay of the vector bosons. The analysis is performed using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ collected in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data are found to be consistent with the background expectations. Exclusion limits are set in the context of spin-1 heavy vector resonances and spin-0 two Higgs doublet models, also including the presence of dark matter. In a model with heavy vector triplet, W' and Z' resonances with a degenerate mass smaller than 2.9 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level if the couplings to the standard model bosons dominate.
Figures & Tables Summary References CMS Publications
Figures

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Figure 1:
Feynman diagrams of the considered processes: heavy spin-1 vector boson production and decay to a SM vector boson and a Higgs boson, as in the HVT framework (upper left); Z' boson that decays to a Higgs boson and a A boson, with the latter decaying into dark matter particles ($\chi \overline {\chi}$), predicted by the Z' -2HDM model (upper right); production within the 2HDM model of a pseudoscalar A boson through gluon-gluon fusion (lower left) and with accompanying b quarks (lower right).

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Figure 1-a:
Feynman diagram of the process: heavy spin-1 vector boson production and decay to a SM vector boson and a Higgs boson, as in the HVT framework.

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Figure 1-b:
Feynman diagram of the process: Z' boson that decays to a Higgs boson and a A boson, with the latter decaying into dark matter particles ($\chi \overline {\chi}$), predicted by the Z' -2HDM model.

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Figure 1-c:
Feynman diagram of the process: production within the 2HDM model of a pseudoscalar A boson through gluon-gluon fusion.

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Figure 1-d:
Feynman diagram of the process: production within the 2HDM model of a pseudoscalar A boson with accompanying b quarks.

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Figure 2:
Event selection efficiencies for various signal processes and for different assumed masses of the resonances $m_{{\mathrm {V}} '}$ or $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} $. The dotted and solid lines indicate spin-0 and spin-1 resonances, respectively, in different production or decay modes. The dashed line represents the spin-1 resonance in the Z' -2HDM model with $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} = $ 300 GeV. The efficiencies are derived by considering only the relevant decay modes of the vector bosons (electrons and muons, or $\tau $ leptons), and represent the sum of the efficiencies in the 1 and 2 b tag categories.

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Figure 3:
Soft drop PUPPI jet mass distribution of the leading AK8 jet in the 0$\ell $ (upper), 1$\ell $ (middle), and 2$\ell $ (lower) categories, and separately for the 1 (left) and 2 (right) b tagged subjet selections. The electron and muon categories are merged together. The shaded band represents the uncertainty from the fit to data in the jet mass sidebands. The observed data are indicated by black markers. The dashed vertical lines separate the lower (LSB) and upper (HSB) sidebands, the W and Z bosons mass region (VR), and the signal region (SR). The bottom panels report the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 3-a:
Soft drop PUPPI jet mass distribution of the leading AK8 jet in the 0$\ell $ category, and separately for the 1 b tagged subjet selections. The electron and muon categories are merged together. The shaded band represents the uncertainty from the fit to data in the jet mass sidebands. The observed data are indicated by black markers. The dashed vertical lines separate the lower (LSB) and upper (HSB) sidebands, the W and Z bosons mass region (VR), and the signal region (SR). The bottom panel reports the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 3-b:
Soft drop PUPPI jet mass distribution of the leading AK8 jet in the 0$\ell $ category, and separately for the 2 b tagged subjet selections. The electron and muon categories are merged together. The shaded band represents the uncertainty from the fit to data in the jet mass sidebands. The observed data are indicated by black markers. The dashed vertical lines separate the lower (LSB) and upper (HSB) sidebands, the W and Z bosons mass region (VR), and the signal region (SR). The bottom panel reports the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 3-c:
Soft drop PUPPI jet mass distribution of the leading AK8 jet in the 1$\ell $ category, and separately for the 1 b tagged subjet selections. The electron and muon categories are merged together. The shaded band represents the uncertainty from the fit to data in the jet mass sidebands. The observed data are indicated by black markers. The dashed vertical lines separate the lower (LSB) and upper (HSB) sidebands, the W and Z bosons mass region (VR), and the signal region (SR). The bottom panel reports the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 3-d:
Soft drop PUPPI jet mass distribution of the leading AK8 jet in the 1$\ell $ category, and separately for the 2 b tagged subjet selections. The electron and muon categories are merged together. The shaded band represents the uncertainty from the fit to data in the jet mass sidebands. The observed data are indicated by black markers. The dashed vertical lines separate the lower (LSB) and upper (HSB) sidebands, the W and Z bosons mass region (VR), and the signal region (SR). The bottom panel reports the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 3-e:
Soft drop PUPPI jet mass distribution of the leading AK8 jet in the 2$\ell $ category, and separately for the 1 b tagged subjet selections. The electron and muon categories are merged together. The shaded band represents the uncertainty from the fit to data in the jet mass sidebands. The observed data are indicated by black markers. The dashed vertical lines separate the lower (LSB) and upper (HSB) sidebands, the W and Z bosons mass region (VR), and the signal region (SR). The bottom panel reports the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 3-f:
Soft drop PUPPI jet mass distribution of the leading AK8 jet in the 2$\ell $ category, and separately for the 2 b tagged subjet selections. The electron and muon categories are merged together. The shaded band represents the uncertainty from the fit to data in the jet mass sidebands. The observed data are indicated by black markers. The dashed vertical lines separate the lower (LSB) and upper (HSB) sidebands, the W and Z bosons mass region (VR), and the signal region (SR). The bottom panel reports the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 4:
Resonance candidate mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}} $ and transverse mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}^\mathrm {T}} $ distributions in the 0$\ell $ (upper), 1$\ell $ (middle), and 2$\ell $ (lower) categories, and separately for the 1 (left) and 2 (right) b tagged subjet selections. Electron and muon categories are merged together. The expected background events are shown with the filled area, and the shaded band represents the total background uncertainty. The observed data are indicated by black markers, and the potential contribution of a resonance produced in the context of the HVT model B with $ {g_\text {V}} =$ 3, or a Z' -2HDM signal with $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} = $ 300 GeV, $m_\chi = $ 100 GeV, and $g_{\mathrm{Z'}}=$ 0.8, are shown as dotted red lines. The bottom panels report the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 4-a:
Resonance candidate mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}} $ and transverse mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}^\mathrm {T}} $ distributions in the 0$\ell $ category, and separately for the 1 b tagged subjet selections. Electron and muon categories are merged together. The expected background events are shown with the filled area, and the shaded band represents the total background uncertainty. The observed data are indicated by black markers, and the potential contribution of a resonance produced in the context of the HVT model B with $ {g_\text {V}} =$ 3, or a Z' -2HDM signal with $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} = $ 300 GeV, $m_\chi = $ 100 GeV, and $g_{\mathrm{Z'}}=$ 0.8, are shown as dotted red lines. The bottom panel reports the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 4-b:
Resonance candidate mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}} $ and transverse mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}^\mathrm {T}} $ distributions in the 0$\ell $ category, and separately for the 2 b tagged subjet selections. Electron and muon categories are merged together. The expected background events are shown with the filled area, and the shaded band represents the total background uncertainty. The observed data are indicated by black markers, and the potential contribution of a resonance produced in the context of the HVT model B with $ {g_\text {V}} =$ 3, or a Z' -2HDM signal with $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} = $ 300 GeV, $m_\chi = $ 100 GeV, and $g_{\mathrm{Z'}}=$ 0.8, are shown as dotted red lines. The bottom panel reports the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 4-c:
Resonance candidate mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}} $ and transverse mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}^\mathrm {T}} $ distributions in the 1$\ell $ category, and separately for the 1 b tagged subjet selections. Electron and muon categories are merged together. The expected background events are shown with the filled area, and the shaded band represents the total background uncertainty. The observed data are indicated by black markers, and the potential contribution of a resonance produced in the context of the HVT model B with $ {g_\text {V}} =$ 3, or a Z' -2HDM signal with $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} = $ 300 GeV, $m_\chi = $ 100 GeV, and $g_{\mathrm{Z'}}=$ 0.8, are shown as dotted red lines. The bottom panel reports the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 4-d:
Resonance candidate mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}} $ and transverse mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}^\mathrm {T}} $ distributions in the 1$\ell $ category, and separately for the 2 b tagged subjet selections. Electron and muon categories are merged together. The expected background events are shown with the filled area, and the shaded band represents the total background uncertainty. The observed data are indicated by black markers, and the potential contribution of a resonance produced in the context of the HVT model B with $ {g_\text {V}} =$ 3, or a Z' -2HDM signal with $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} = $ 300 GeV, $m_\chi = $ 100 GeV, and $g_{\mathrm{Z'}}=$ 0.8, are shown as dotted red lines. The bottom panel reports the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 4-e:
Resonance candidate mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}} $ and transverse mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}^\mathrm {T}} $ distributions in the 2$\ell $ category, and separately for the 1 b tagged subjet selections. Electron and muon categories are merged together. The expected background events are shown with the filled area, and the shaded band represents the total background uncertainty. The observed data are indicated by black markers, and the potential contribution of a resonance produced in the context of the HVT model B with $ {g_\text {V}} =$ 3, or a Z' -2HDM signal with $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} = $ 300 GeV, $m_\chi = $ 100 GeV, and $g_{\mathrm{Z'}}=$ 0.8, are shown as dotted red lines. The bottom panel reports the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 4-f:
Resonance candidate mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}} $ and transverse mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}^\mathrm {T}} $ distributions in the 2$\ell $ category, and separately for the 2 b tagged subjet selections. Electron and muon categories are merged together. The expected background events are shown with the filled area, and the shaded band represents the total background uncertainty. The observed data are indicated by black markers, and the potential contribution of a resonance produced in the context of the HVT model B with $ {g_\text {V}} =$ 3, or a Z' -2HDM signal with $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} = $ 300 GeV, $m_\chi = $ 100 GeV, and $g_{\mathrm{Z'}}=$ 0.8, are shown as dotted red lines. The bottom panel reports the pulls in each bin, $(N^\text {data}-N^\text {bkg})/\sigma $, where $\sigma $ is the statistical uncertainty in data, as given by the Garwood interval [71].

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Figure 5:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma ({\mathrm {W}} ') + {\mathcal {B}}({\mathrm {W}} '\to {\mathrm {W}} {\mathrm {h}}) + {\mathcal {B}}({{\mathrm {h}} \to {\mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}})$ (left) and $\sigma (\mathrm{Z'}) + {\mathcal {B}}(\mathrm{Z'} \to {\mathrm{Z}} {\mathrm {h}}) + {\mathcal {B}}({{\mathrm {h}} \to {\mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}})$ (right) for various mass hypotheses of a single narrow spin-1 resonance. The inner green and outer yellow bands represent the ${\pm}1$ and ${\pm}2$ standard deviation (std.) variation on the expected limits. The solid curves and their shaded areas correspond to the product of the cross sections and the branching fractions predicted by the HVT model A and B and the relative uncertainties.

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Figure 5-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma ({\mathrm {W}} ') + {\mathcal {B}}({\mathrm {W}} '\to {\mathrm {W}} {\mathrm {h}}) + {\mathcal {B}}({{\mathrm {h}} \to {\mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}})$ for various mass hypotheses of a single narrow spin-1 resonance. The inner green and outer yellow bands represent the ${\pm}$1 and ${\pm}2$ standard deviation (std.) variation on the expected limits. The solid curves and their shaded areas correspond to the product of the cross sections and the branching fractions predicted by the HVT model A and B and the relative uncertainties.

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Figure 5-b:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on $\sigma (\mathrm{Z'}) + {\mathcal {B}}(\mathrm{Z'} \to {\mathrm{Z}} {\mathrm {h}}) + {\mathcal {B}}({{\mathrm {h}} \to {\mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}})$ for various mass hypotheses of a single narrow spin-1 resonance. The inner green and outer yellow bands represent the ${\pm}$1 and ${\pm}2$ standard deviation (std.) variation on the expected limits. The solid curves and their shaded areas correspond to the product of the cross sections and the branching fractions predicted by the HVT model A and B and the relative uncertainties.

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Figure 6:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limit with the ${\pm}$1 and ${\pm}2$ standard deviation uncertainty bands on $\sigma ({\mathrm {X}}) + {\mathcal {B}}({\mathrm {X}} \to {{\mathrm {V}} {\mathrm {h}}}) + {\mathcal {B}}({{\mathrm {h}} \to {\mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}}})$ as a function of the HVT triplet mass, for the combination of all the considered channels. The solid curves and their shaded areas correspond to the cross sections predicted by the HVT model A and B and the relative uncertainties.

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Figure 7:
Observed exclusion limits in the HVT parameter plane $\left [ {g_\text {V}} {c_\text {H}}, \ g^2 {c_\text {F}} / {g_\text {V}} \right ]$ for three different resonance masses (1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 TeV). The benchmark scenarios corresponding to HVT model A and model B are represented by a purple cross and a red point. The gray shaded area corresponds to the region where the resonance natural width ($\Gamma _{{\mathrm {V}} '}$) is predicted to be larger than the typical experimental resolution (4%), and thus the narrow-width approximation is not fulfilled.

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Figure 8:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limit with the ${\pm}$1 and ${\pm}2$ standard deviation bands on $\sigma ({\mathrm {A}}) + {\mathcal {B}}({\mathrm {A}} \to {\mathrm{Z}} {\mathrm {h}}) + {\mathcal {B}}({\mathrm {h}} \to {\mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}})$ as a function of $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} $ for the combination of the 0$\ell $ and 2$\ell $ channels. The solid line represent the exclusion for a spin-0 signal produced through gluon-gluon fusion, and dashed line represent the b quark associated production. The solid lines and their shaded area represent the corresponding values predicted by the Type-I and Type-II 2HDM model fixing the parameters $ \cos(\beta -\alpha) = $ 0.25 and $\tan\beta =$ 1 parameters. In this scenario, the b quark associated production is negligible, and the A is predominantly produced through gluon-gluon fusion.

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Figure 9:
Observed and expected exclusion limit for Type-I (left) and Type-II 2HDM models (right) in the [ $\tan\beta$, $\cos(\beta -\alpha)$ ] plane and assuming a fixed $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} = $ 1 TeV. The light shaded areas identify regions with different resonance natural width (5%, 10%, 20% of the resonance mass).

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Figure 9-a:
Observed and expected exclusion limit for Type-I 2HDM models in the [ $\tan\beta$, $\cos(\beta -\alpha)$ ] plane and assuming a fixed $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} = $ 1 TeV. The light shaded areas identify regions with different resonance natural width (5%, 10%, 20% of the resonance mass).

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Figure 9-b:
Observed and expected exclusion limit for Type-II 2HDM models in the [ $\tan\beta$, $\cos(\beta -\alpha)$ ] plane and assuming a fixed $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} = $ 1 TeV. The light shaded areas identify regions with different resonance natural width (5%, 10%, 20% of the resonance mass).

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Figure 10:
Observed and expected exclusion on the parameter plane [$m_{\mathrm{Z'}}, m_ {\mathrm {A}} $]. The excluded region in the considered benchmark scenario ($g_{\mathrm{Z'}} = $ 0.8, $g_\chi = $ 1, $\tan\beta = $ 1, $m_\chi = $ 100 GeV, and $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} = {m_{{\mathrm {H}}}} = {m_{{\mathrm {H}} ^\pm}} $) is represented by the shaded area.
Tables

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Table 1:
Scale factors (SF) derived to correct for the event yields of the $ {\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} $ and $ \mathrm{t+X} $ backgrounds for different top quark control regions. The uncertainties because of the limited size of the data samples (stat.) and systematic effects (syst.), described in Sec. 7, are reported.

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Table 2:
Expected and observed numbers of events in the signal regions, for all event categories. Three separate sources of uncertainty in the expected numbers are reported: the V+jets background uncertainty from the variation of the parameters used to model the $ {m_{\mathrm {j}}} $ distribution, taking into account their correlations (fit); the difference between the nominal and alternative function choice for the fit to $ {m_{\mathrm {j}}} $ (alt); the $ {\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}} $, $ \mathrm{t+X} $ uncertainties from the $ {m_{\mathrm {j}}} $ modeling, the statistical component of the top quark scale factor uncertainties, and the extrapolation uncertainty from the control regions to the SR; the VV normalization uncertainties relative to the $ {m_{\mathrm {j}}} $ modeling and the uncertainties affecting the normalization. A detailed description of the systematic uncertainties is provided in Sec. 7.

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Table 3:
Summary of systematic uncertainties for the backgrounds and signal samples. The entries labeled with a "math-section" are also propagated to the shapes of the distributions. Uncertainties marked with $\dagger $ only affect the top quark scale factors. The uncertainties marked with $\ddagger $ have impact on the signal cross section.
Summary
A search for a resonance with mass between 800 and 4500 GeV, decaying to a standard model (SM) vector boson and a SM Higgs boson, is reported. The data sample was collected by the CMS experiment at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The final states contained the leptonic decays of the vector bosons, in events with zero, exactly one, and two electrons or muons. The standard model Higgs boson is reconstructed from its decay to b quark-antiquark pairs. Depending on the resonance mass, upper limits in the range 0.8-60 fb are set on the product of the cross sections and the branching fractions for the decay of the resonance into a Higgs and a vector boson, and for the decay of the Higgs boson into a pair of b quarks. In a triplet of narrow spin-1 resonances, vector bosons with a mass lower than 2.8 and 2.9 TeV are excluded in the benchmark scenarios A and B, respectively. Furthermore, the results of this search provide an exclusion in the two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) parameter space up to 2 TeV, which is a kinematic region previously unexplored by previous CMS searches, and a heavy pseudoscalar boson with mass lower than 1.1 TeV and 1.2 TeV is excluded in the ${\cos(\beta-\alpha)} = $ 0.25 and $\tan\beta= $ 1 scenario. A significant reduction of the allowed parameter space is also placed on the Z'-2HDM model that includes a dark matter candidate, excluding a Z' boson mass up to 3.2 TeV, and a pseudoscalar boson A up to 800 GeV in the considered benchmark scenario, placing the most stringent limits on this model to date.
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