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| CMS-PAS-EXO-19-008 | ||
| MUSiC, a model unspecific search for new physics, in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| May 2020 | ||
| Abstract: Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC) using data recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC, during proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy of $\sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV in 2016 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$, are presented. The MUSiC analysis aims to search for anomalies that could be probed as signatures for phenomena beyond the standard model, and is based on the comparison of data with the expectation according to the standard model, determined from simulations, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one lepton are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm subsequently surveys the data for deviations from the expectation. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations beyond the expectations have been found. For a wide range of final state topologies, good agreement is found between the data and simulation of the standard model. | ||
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Links:
CDS record (PDF) ;
CADI line (restricted) ;
These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, Accepted by EPJC. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
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| Figures & Tables | Summary | Additional Figures | References | CMS Publications |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Classification of a single event (red square) containing one electron, two muons, and one jet. This event will contribute to precisely one exclusive (green), and several inclusive (blue) and jet-inclusive (orange) event classes. |
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Figure 2:
Illustration for the calculation of $p$-values in different regions and the selection of the region of interest as the region with the smallest $p$-value. |
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Figure 3:
Illustrative example of a $\tilde{p}$-value distribution for different event classes (final states) based on an ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ distribution RoI scan. Histograms of the number of event classes corresponding to a bin in $-\log_{10}(\tilde{p})$ for the different pseudo experiment rounds (shown on the left) are used to create the global overview plot for a scan of each particular kinematic distribution for each event class type (shown on the right for ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ distribution scan in exclusive event classes, without showing the observed deviations from data here). The mean and the median distributions of $\tilde{p}$-values obtained from the different pseudo experiments are shown as solid cyan and dashed grey lines. The distribution estimated from the analytic calculation is shown as green dashed line. The 68% ($ \pm $1$ \sigma $) and 95% ($ \pm $2$ \sigma $) uncertainty bands are displayed as dark blue and light blue areas respectively. |
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Figure 4:
Distribution of transverse mass for the 1$\mu$ + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $ exclusive class with a hypothetical SSM W' boson (with mass of 3 TeV) signal shown on top of the SM simulation. |
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Figure 5-a:
Distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the region of interest scan in exclusive classes for the invariant mass (transverse mass for classes with ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$) with assumed values for the mass of the SSM W' boson of 2 TeV (top), 3 TeV (bottom left), and 4 TeV (bottom right). The uncertainty in the distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the signal is obtained from the variations in the pseudo data performed with the W' signal simulation. |
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Figure 5-b:
Distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the region of interest scan in exclusive classes for the invariant mass (transverse mass for classes with ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$) with assumed values for the mass of the SSM W' boson of 2 TeV (top), 3 TeV (bottom left), and 4 TeV (bottom right). The uncertainty in the distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the signal is obtained from the variations in the pseudo data performed with the W' signal simulation. |
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Figure 5-c:
Distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the region of interest scan in exclusive classes for the invariant mass (transverse mass for classes with ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$) with assumed values for the mass of the SSM W' boson of 2 TeV (top), 3 TeV (bottom left), and 4 TeV (bottom right). The uncertainty in the distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the signal is obtained from the variations in the pseudo data performed with the W' signal simulation. |
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Figure 6:
Distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the region of interest scan in inclusive classes for the ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ distributions for a sphaleron signal with $E_{\text {sph}} = $ 8 TeV and PEF = 0.05. The uncertainty in the distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the signal is obtained from the variations in the pseudo data performed with the sphaleron signal simulation. |
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Figure 7-a:
Distributions of ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ for the 3$\mu$ + $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $ exclusive class without (left) and with (right) WZ production as part of the SM simulation. The data events are shown in black and the MC simulations of the SM processes are shown as colored histograms. The region enclosed within the red dashed lines is the region of interest. |
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Figure 7-b:
Distributions of ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ for the 3$\mu$ + $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $ exclusive class without (left) and with (right) WZ production as part of the SM simulation. The data events are shown in black and the MC simulations of the SM processes are shown as colored histograms. The region enclosed within the red dashed lines is the region of interest. |
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Figure 8:
Most significant exclusive event classes, where the significance of an event class is calculated in a single aggregated bin. The values at the top indicate the observed $p$-value for each event class. |
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Figure 9-a:
Overview of total contributions (single bin) for the double electron object group (top) and for the single muon + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ object group (bottom). The numbers on the top of each bin indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation for the corresponding event class. |
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Figure 9-b:
Overview of total contributions (single bin) for the double electron object group (top) and for the single muon + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ object group (bottom). The numbers on the top of each bin indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation for the corresponding event class. |
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Figure 10-a:
An example ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ distribution for the 2$\mu$ exclusive event class (top left), distribution of ${M}$ for the 2$\mu$ exclusive event class (top right), and the ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ distribution for the 2$\mu$ + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ + X inclusive event class (bottom). Measured data are shown as black markers, contributions from SM processes are represented by colored bars, and the regions enclosed by red dashed lines correspond to the regions of interest. |
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Figure 10-b:
An example ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ distribution for the 2$\mu$ exclusive event class (top left), distribution of ${M}$ for the 2$\mu$ exclusive event class (top right), and the ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ distribution for the 2$\mu$ + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ + X inclusive event class (bottom). Measured data are shown as black markers, contributions from SM processes are represented by colored bars, and the regions enclosed by red dashed lines correspond to the regions of interest. |
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Figure 10-c:
An example ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ distribution for the 2$\mu$ exclusive event class (top left), distribution of ${M}$ for the 2$\mu$ exclusive event class (top right), and the ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ distribution for the 2$\mu$ + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ + X inclusive event class (bottom). Measured data are shown as black markers, contributions from SM processes are represented by colored bars, and the regions enclosed by red dashed lines correspond to the regions of interest. |
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Figure 11-a:
Distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the region of interest scan in exclusive classes for the ${M}$ (top), ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ (middle), and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ (bottom) distributions. |
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Figure 11-b:
Distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the region of interest scan in exclusive classes for the ${M}$ (top), ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ (middle), and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ (bottom) distributions. |
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Figure 11-c:
Distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the region of interest scan in exclusive classes for the ${M}$ (top), ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ (middle), and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ (bottom) distributions. |
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Figure 12-a:
Distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the region of interest scan in inclusive classes for the ${M}$ (top), ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ (middle), and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ (bottom) distributions. |
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Figure 12-b:
Distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the region of interest scan in inclusive classes for the ${M}$ (top), ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ (middle), and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ (bottom) distributions. |
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Figure 12-c:
Distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the region of interest scan in inclusive classes for the ${M}$ (top), ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ (middle), and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ (bottom) distributions. |
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Figure 13-a:
Distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the region of interest scan in jet-inclusive classes for the ${M}$ (top), ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ (middle), and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ (bottom) distributions. |
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Figure 13-b:
Distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the region of interest scan in jet-inclusive classes for the ${M}$ (top), ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ (middle), and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ (bottom) distributions. |
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Figure 13-c:
Distribution of $\tilde{p}$-values for the region of interest scan in jet-inclusive classes for the ${M}$ (top), ${S_{\mathrm {T}}}$ (middle), and ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ (bottom) distributions. |
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Figure 14:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the single muon object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 15:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the single electron object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 16:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the double muon object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 17:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the muon + electron object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 18:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the single electron + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 19:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the single muon + photons object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 20:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the single electron + photons object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 21:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the double muon + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 22:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the double electron + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 23:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the single electron + single muon + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 24:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the single muon + photons + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 25:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the single electron + photons + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 26:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the three lepton (same flavor) object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 27:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the three lepton (different flavor) object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 28:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the three lepton (same flavor) + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 29:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the three lepton (different flavor)+ ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 30:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the multilepton (four or more leptons) object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 31:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the multilepton (four or more leptons) + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 32:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the multilepton (more than one lepton) + photons object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
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Figure 33:
Overview of total event yields for the event classes for the multilepton (more than one lepton) + photons + ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ object group. The numbers on the top indicate the observed $p$-value for the agreement of data and simulation. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of simulated samples used. |
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Table 2:
Summary of object selection criteria. |
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Table 3:
Summary of online and offline trigger criteria. |
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Table 4:
Summary of systematic uncertainties in the analysis. |
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Table 5:
Overview of the two most significant event classes in each RoI scan. Details of the region of interest, the simulated expectation and the number of data events within the region of interest are shown along with the $p$- and $\tilde{p}$-values. |
| Summary |
|
The Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC) analysis, using data recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC during proton-proton collisions at a center of mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV in 2016 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ , has been presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies and possible hints of physics beyond the standard model in the data using a model-independent approach, relying solely on the assumptions of the well-tested standard model. Events from data and simulation have been sorted into event classes based on their final state topology, taking electrons, muons, photons, jets, b-tagged jets, and missing transverse momentum into account. The event yields were compared between the data and the expectation in a wide range of event classes. The kinematic distributions corresponding to the sum of transverse momenta, invariant mass (or transverse mass), and missing transverse momentum in each of the event classes have been scanned using a region of interest algorithm. The algorithm identifies deviations of the data from the simulation-based prediction for the standard model, calculating a $\tilde{p}$-value of any observed deviation after correcting for the look elsewhere effect. A global overview of the results from the different event classes and distributions has been presented. The sensitivity and robustness of the analysis have been demonstrated in multiple studies. No significant deviations beyond expectations were found in the analyzed data by the MUSiC algorithm. A wide range of final state topologies have been studied, and agreement has been found between the data and the standard model simulation given the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. |
| Additional Figures | |
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Additional Figure 1:
Event display of an event with two muons, shown as the red lines, recorded by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions in 2016. This is an example of an event that enters the MUSiC analysis and is classified into the 2$\mu $ exclusive event class. In the event display, the yellow lines show the reconstructed tracks associated with charged particles with $p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 2 GeV, the deposits in the CMS electromagnetic (hadronic) calorimeters are shown as the regions shaded in green (blue), the red lines show the tracks for muons with $p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 20 GeV and the red shaded regions represent the parts the of CMS muon detector system with hits associated with the muon tracks. |
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Additional Figure 2:
Event display of an event with two muons, shown as the red lines, recorded by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions in 2016. This is an example of an event that enters the MUSiC analysis and is classified into the 2$\mu $ exclusive event class. This event display presents the r-z view of the CMS detector. In the event display, the yellow lines show the reconstructed tracks associated with charged particles with $p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 2 GeV, the deposits in the CMS electromagnetic (hadronic) calorimeters are shown as the regions shaded in green (blue), the red lines show the tracks for muons with $p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 20 GeV and the red shaded regions represent the parts the of CMS muon detector system with hits associated with the muon tracks. |
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Additional Figure 3:
Event display of an event with two muons, shown as the red lines, recorded by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions in 2016. This is an example of an event that enters the MUSiC analysis and is classified into the 2$\mu $ exclusive event class. This event display presents the $r-\phi $ view of the CMS detector. In the event display, the yellow lines show the reconstructed tracks associated with charged particles with $p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 2 GeV, the deposits in the CMS electromagnetic (hadronic) calorimeters are shown as the regions shaded in green (blue), the red lines show the tracks for muons with $p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 20 GeV and the red shaded regions represent the parts the of CMS muon detector system with hits associated with the muon tracks. |
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