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| CMS-PAS-EXO-16-056 | ||
| Searches for dijet resonances in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV using data collected in 2016 | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| March 2017 | ||
| Abstract: Searches are presented for narrow resonances decaying to dijet final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV. A low-mass search, for a resonance mass between 0.6 TeV and 1.6 TeV, is performed using dijets that are reconstructed from calorimeter information in the trigger using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 27 fb$^{-1}$. A high-mass search, for resonances with mass above 1.6 TeV, is performed using dijets reconstructed with the particle flow algorithm from the normal reconstruction chain using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb$^{-1}$. The dijet mass spectrum is well described by a smooth parameterization and no significant evidence for the production of new particles is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are reported on the production cross section for narrow resonances with masses above 0.6 TeV. In the context of specific models, the limits exclude string resonances with masses below 7.7 TeV, scalar diquarks below 7.2 TeV, axigluons and colorons below 6.1 TeV, excited quarks below 6.0 TeV, color-octet scalars below 3.4 TeV, W' bosons below 3.3 TeV, Z' bosons below 2.7 TeV, RS gravitons below 1.7 TeV and between 2.1 and 2.5 TeV, and dark matter mediators below 2.6 TeV. The limits on both vector and axial-vector mediators, in a simplified model of interactions between quarks and dark matter, are also presented as functions of dark matter mass and are compared to the exclusions of dark matter in direct detection experiments. These extend previous limits in the dijet channel. | ||
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These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, JHEP 08 (2018) 130. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
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| Figures & Tables | Summary | Additional Figures & Tables | References | CMS Publications |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Dijet mass spectra (points) compared to a fitted parameterization of the background (solid curve) for the low-mass search (left) and the high-mass search (right). The lower panel in each plot shows the difference between the data and the fitted parametrization, divided by the statistical uncertainty of the data. Examples of predicted signals from narrow gluon-gluon, quark-gluon, and quark-quark resonances are shown with cross sections equal to the observed upper limits at 95% CL. |
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Figure 1-a:
Dijet mass spectra (points) compared to a fitted parameterization of the background (solid curve) for the low-mass search. The lower panel shows the difference between the data and the fitted parametrization, divided by the statistical uncertainty of the data. Examples of predicted signals from narrow gluon-gluon, quark-gluon, and quark-quark resonances are shown with cross sections equal to the observed upper limits at 95% CL. |
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Figure 1-b:
Dijet mass spectra (points) compared to a fitted parameterization of the background (solid curve) for the high-mass search. The lower panel shows the difference between the data and the fitted parametrization, divided by the statistical uncertainty of the data. Examples of predicted signals from narrow gluon-gluon, quark-gluon, and quark-quark resonances are shown with cross sections equal to the observed upper limits at 95% CL. |
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Figure 2:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section, branching fraction, and acceptance for dijet resonances decaying to quark-quark (top left), quark-gluon (top right), gluon-gluon (bottom left), and for RS gravitons (bottom right). The corresponding expected limits (dashed) and their variations at the 1 and 2 standard deviation levels (shaded bands) are also shown. Limits are compared to predicted cross sections for string resonances [20,21], excited quarks [26,27], axigluons [23], colorons [25], scalar diquarks [22], color-octet scalars [28], new gauge bosons W' and Z' with SM-like couplings [29], dark matter mediators for $m_{\mathrm {DM}}=$ 1 GeV [30,31], and RS gravitons [32]. |
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Figure 2-a:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section, branching fraction, and acceptance for dijet resonances decaying to quark-quark. The corresponding expected limits (dashed) and their variations at the 1 and 2 standard deviation levels (shaded bands) are also shown. Limits are compared to predicted cross sections for axigluons [23], colorons [25], scalar diquarks [22], new gauge bosons W' and Z' with SM-like couplings [29], and dark matter mediators for $m_{\mathrm {DM}}=$ 1 GeV [30,31]. |
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Figure 2-b:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section, branching fraction, and acceptance for dijet resonances decaying to quark-gluon. The corresponding expected limits (dashed) and their variations at the 1 and 2 standard deviation levels (shaded bands) are also shown. Limits are compared to predicted cross sections for string resonances [20,21] and excited quarks [26,27]. |
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Figure 2-c:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section, branching fraction, and acceptance for dijet resonances decaying to gluon-gluon. The corresponding expected limits (dashed) and their variations at the 1 and 2 standard deviation levels (shaded bands) are also shown. Limits are compared to predicted cross section for color-octet scalars [28]. |
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Figure 2-d:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section, branching fraction, and acceptance for dijet resonances decaying to RS gravitons. The corresponding expected limits (dashed) and their variations at the 1 and 2 standard deviation levels (shaded bands) are also shown. Limits are compared to predicted cross section for RS gravitons [32]. |
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Figure 3:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section, branching fraction, and acceptance for quark-quark, quark-gluon, and gluon-gluon type dijet resonances. Limits are compared to predicted cross sections for string resonances [20,21], excited quarks [26,27], axigluons [23], colorons [25], scalar diquarks [22], color-octet scalars [28], new gauge bosons W' and Z' with SM-like couplings [29], dark matter mediators for $m_{\mathrm {DM}}=$ 1 GeV [30,31], and RS gravitons [32]. |
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Figure 4:
The 95% CL upper limits on the universal quark coupling $ {g_{\mathrm {q}}} ^{\prime }$ as a function of resonance mass for a leptophobic Z' resonance that only couples to quarks. The observed limits (solid), expected limits (dashed) and their variation at the 1 and 2 standard deviation levels (shaded bands) are shown. Dotted horizontal lines show the coupling strength for which the cross section for dijet production in this model is the same as for a DM mediator (see text). |
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Figure 5:
The 95% CL observed (solid) and expected (dashed) excluded regions in the plane of dark matter mass vs. mediator mass, for an axial-vector mediator (top) and a vector mediator (bottom), are compared to constraints from the cosmological relic density of DM (light gray) determined from astrophysical measurements [55,56] and MadDM version 2.0.6 [57,58] as described in Ref. [59]. Following the recommendation of the LHC DM working group [30,31], the exclusions are computed for Dirac DM and for a universal quark coupling $ {g_{\mathrm {q}}} = $ 0.25 and for a DM coupling of $ {g_{\text {DM}}} =$ 1.0. It should also be noted that the excluded region strongly depends on the chosen coupling and model scenario. Therefore, the excluded regions and relic density contours shown in this plot are not applicable to other choices of coupling values or models. |
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Figure 5-a:
The 95% CL observed (solid) and expected (dashed) excluded regions in the plane of dark matter mass vs. mediator mass, for an axial-vector mediator, are compared to constraints from the cosmological relic density of DM (light gray) determined from astrophysical measurements [55,56] and MadDM version 2.0.6 [57,58] as described in Ref. [59]. Following the recommendation of the LHC DM working group [30,31], the exclusions are computed for Dirac DM and for a universal quark coupling $ {g_{\mathrm {q}}} = $ 0.25 and for a DM coupling of $ {g_{\text {DM}}} =$ 1.0. It should also be noted that the excluded region strongly depends on the chosen coupling and model scenario. Therefore, the excluded regions and relic density contours shown in this plot are not applicable to other choices of coupling values or models. |
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Figure 5-b:
The 95% CL observed (solid) and expected (dashed) excluded regions in the plane of dark matter mass vs. mediator mass, for a vector mediator, are compared to constraints from the cosmological relic density of DM (light gray) determined from astrophysical measurements [55,56] and MadDM version 2.0.6 [57,58] as described in Ref. [59]. Following the recommendation of the LHC DM working group [30,31], the exclusions are computed for Dirac DM and for a universal quark coupling $ {g_{\mathrm {q}}} = $ 0.25 and for a DM coupling of $ {g_{\text {DM}}} =$ 1.0. It should also be noted that the excluded region strongly depends on the chosen coupling and model scenario. Therefore, the excluded regions and relic density contours shown in this plot are not applicable to other choices of coupling values or models. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Observed and expected mass limits at 95% CL from this analysis with 36fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt {s}=13$ TeV compared to previously published limits on narrow resonances from CMS with 12.9fb$^{-1}$ and 2.4fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt {s}=$ 13 TeV [6,3] and with 20fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt {s}=$ 8 TeV [8]. The listed models are excluded between 0.6 TeV and the indicated mass limit by this analysis. In addition to the observed mass limits listed below, this analysis also excludes the RS Graviton model within the mass interval between 2.1 and 2.5 TeV and the Z' model within roughly a 50 GeV window around 3.1 TeV. |
| Summary |
| Two searches for narrow resonances decaying into a pair of jets have been performed using proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 36 fb$^{-1}$: a low-mass search based on calorimeter jets, reconstructed by the high level trigger and recorded in compact form (data scouting), and a high-mass search based on particle-flow jets. The dijet mass spectra are observed to be smoothly falling distributions. In the analyzed data samples, there is no evidence for resonant particle production. Generic upper limits are presented on the product of the cross section, the branching fraction, and the acceptance for narrow quark-quark, quark-gluon, and gluon-gluon resonances that are applicable to any model of narrow dijet resonance production. String resonances with masses below 7.7 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, as are scalar diquarks below 7.2 TeV, axigluons and colorons below 6.1 TeV, excited quarks below 6.0 TeV, color-octet scalars below 3.4 TeV, W' bosons below 3.3 TeV, Z' bosons with SM-like couplings below 2.7 TeV, and Randall-Sundrum gravitons below 1.7 TeV and between 2.1 and 2.5 TeV, and dark matter mediators below 2.6 TeV. The limits on both vector and axial-vector mediators, in a simplified model of interactions between quarks and dark matter, are also presented as functions of dark matter mass and are compared to the exclusions of dark matter in direct detection experiments. This extends previously reported limits in the dijet channel. |
| Additional Figures | |
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Additional Figure 1:
The ratio of the dijet invariant mass built from Calo-jets recorded at HLT divided by that for PF-jets from offline reconstruction, shown as a function of randomly chosen Calo-jet or PF-jet dijet mass to reduce resolution biases. The average value of the ratio is shown by the black points. The colored scale on the z-axis gives the number of events in this monitoring sample, which is a subset of the full dataset for which the information from both types of jets is available. |
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Additional Figure 2:
The dijet mass of the two wide jets after all selection criteria are applied, for data from the low-mass search (points) and PYTHIA-8 MC with detector simulation (histogram) normalized to the data. |
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Additional Figure 3:
The azimuthal angular separation between the two wide-jets after all selection criteria are applied, for data from the low-mass search (points) and PYTHIA-8 MC with detector simulation (histogram) normalized to the data. |
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Additional Figure 4:
The absolute difference in pseudorapidity between the two wide-jets after all selection criteria are applied, for data from the low-mass search (points) and PYTHIA-8 MC with detector simulation (histogram) normalized to the data. |
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Additional Figure 5:
Signal shapes for the low mass search. The reconstructed resonance mass spectrum predicted by the PYTHIA-8 MC event generator including simulation of the CMS detector. Resonances from quark-quark processes modeled by $\mathrm{ q } \mathrm{ \bar{q} } \to \mathrm{G}\to \mathrm{ q } \mathrm{ \bar{q} } $ (blue), quark-gluon processes modeled by $\mathrm{ q } \mathrm{g} \to \mathrm{q}^{*} \to \mathrm{ q } \mathrm{g} $ (red), and gluon-gluon processes modeled by $\mathrm{g} \mathrm{g} \to \mathrm{G}\to \mathrm{g} \mathrm{g} $ (black), where $\mathrm{G}$ is an RS graviton and $\mathrm{q}^{*}$ is an excited quark. Resonances generated with a mass of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 2.0 TeV are shown for wide jets from calo-jet reconstruction. |
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Additional Figure 6:
The dijet mass of the two wide jets after all selection criteria are applied, for data from the high-mass search (points) and PYTHIA-8 MC with detector simulation (histogram) normalized to the data. |
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Additional Figure 7:
The azimuthal angular separation between the two wide-jets after all selection criteria are applied, for data from the high-mass search (points) and PYTHIA-8 MC with detector simulation (histogram) normalized to the data. |
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Additional Figure 8:
The absolute difference in pseudorapidity between the two wide-jets after all selection criteria are applied, for data from the high-mass search (points) and PYTHIA-8 MC with detector simulation (histogram) normalized to the data. |
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Additional Figure 9:
Signal shapes for the high mass search. The reconstructed resonance mass spectrum predicted by the PYTHIA-8 MC event generator including simulation of the CMS detector. Resonances from quark-quark processes modeled by $\mathrm{ q } \mathrm{ \bar{q} } \to \mathrm{G}\to \mathrm{ q } \mathrm{ \bar{q} } $ (blue), quark-gluon processes modeled by $\mathrm{ q } \mathrm{g} \to \mathrm{q}^{*} \to \mathrm{ q } \mathrm{g} $ (red), and gluon-gluon processes modeled by $\mathrm{g} \mathrm{g} \to \mathrm{G}\to \mathrm{g} \mathrm{g} $ (black), where $\mathrm{G}$ is an RS graviton and $\mathrm{q}^{*}$ is an excited quark. Resonances generated with a mass of 2, 4, 6 and 8 TeV are shown for wide jets from PF-jet reconstruction. |
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Additional Figure 10:
The 95% CL observed excluded regions for an axial-vector mediator in the plane of dark matter mass vs. mediator mass for this analysis using 27 fb$^{-1}$ and 36 fb$^{-1}$ in the dijet channel (dark blue) in comparison with the results using 2.7 fb$^{-1}$ from boosted dijets (light blue) and the results using 13 fb$^{-1}$ from MET + X searches in the mono-jet channel (red), mono-photon channel (green) and mono-Z channel (yellow), are compared to constraints from the cosmological relic density of DM (light gray). The exclusions are computed for Dirac DM and for a universal quark coupling $g_{\mathrm {q}}= $ 0.25 and for a DM coupling of $g_{\text {DM}}=$ 1.0. It should also be noted that the excluded region strongly depends on the chosen coupling and model scenario. Therefore, the excluded regions and relic density contours shown in this plot are not applicable to other choices of coupling values or models. |
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Additional Figure 11:
The 95% CL observed excluded regions for a vector mediator in the plane of dark matter mass vs. mediator mass for this analysis using 27 fb$^{-1}$ and 36 fb$^{-1}$ in the dijet channel (dark blue) in comparison with the results using 2.7 fb$^{-1}$ from boosted dijets (light blue) and using 13 fb$^{-1}$ from MET + X searches in the mono-jet channel (red), mono-photon channel (green) and mono-Z channel (yellow), are compared to constraints from the cosmological relic density of DM (light gray). The exclusions are computed for Dirac DM and for a universal quark coupling $g_{\mathrm {q}}= $ 0.25 and for a DM coupling of $g_{\text {DM}}=$ 1.0. It should also be noted that the excluded region strongly depends on the chosen coupling and model scenario. Therefore, the excluded regions and relic density contours shown in this plot are not applicable to other choices of coupling values or models. |
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Additional Figure 12:
Excluded regions at 90% CL in the plane of spin-dependent dark matter nucleon interaction cross section vs. dark matter mass. The CMS exclusion from the dijet channel (shaded) is compared with limits from PICASSO, Super-Kamiokande, IceCube, and PICO-60. The CMS exclusions are for Dirac DM and couplings $g_{\mathrm {q}}= $ 0.25 and $g_{\text {DM}}=$ 1.0, for leptophobic axial-vector mediators, and they strongly depend on these choices and are not applicable to other choices of coupling values or models. |
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Additional Figure 13:
Excluded regions at 90% CL in the plane of spin-independent dark matter nucleon interaction cross section vs. dark matter mass. The CMS exclusion from the dijet channel (shaded) is compared with limits from LUX, PandaX-II, CDMSLite, and CRESST-II. The CMS exclusions are for Dirac DM and couplings $g_{\mathrm {q}}= $ 0.25 and $g_{\text {DM}}=$ 1.0, for leptophobic vector mediators, and they strongly depend on these choices and are not applicable to other choices of coupling values or models. |
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Additional Figure 14:
Excluded regions at 90% CL in the plane of spin-dependent dark matter nucleon interaction cross section vs. dark matter mass. The CMS exclusion from this analysis using 27 fb$^{-1}$ and 36 fb$^{-1}$ in the dijet channel (dark blue shaded) in comparison with the results using 2.7 fb$^{-1}$ from boosted dijets (light blue shaded) and the results using 13 fb$^{-1}$ from MET + X searches in the mono-jet channel (dark red), mono-photon channel (light red) and mono-Z channel (orange), are compared with limits from PICASSO, Super-Kamiokande, IceCube, and PICO-60. The CMS exclusions are for Dirac DM and couplings $g_{\mathrm {q}}= $ 0.25 and $g_{\text {DM}}=$ 1.0, for leptophobic axial-vector mediators, and they strongly depend on these choices and are not applicable to other choices of coupling values or models. |
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Additional Figure 15:
Excluded regions at 90% CL in the plane of spin-independent dark matter nucleon interaction cross section vs. dark matter mass. The CMS exclusion from this analysis using 27 fb$^{-1}$ and 36 fb$^{-1}$ in the dijet channel (dark blue shaded) in comparison with the results using 2.7 fb$^{-1}$ from boosted dijets (light blue shaded) and the results using 13 fb$^{-1}$ from MET + X searches in the mono-jet channel (dark red), mono-photon channel (light red) and mono-Z channel (orange), are compared with limits from LUX, PandaX-II, CDMSLite, and CRESST-II. The CMS exclusions are for Dirac DM and couplings $g_{\mathrm {q}}= $ 0.25 and $g_{\text {DM}}=$ 1.0, for leptophobic vector mediators, and they strongly depend on these choices and are not applicable to other choices of coupling values or models. |
| Additional Tables | |
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Additional Table 1:
Limits from the low-mass search. CMS preliminary observed and expected upper limits at 95% CL on $\sigma \times B \times A$ for a $\mathrm{g} \mathrm{g} $ resonance, a $\mathrm{ q } \mathrm{g} $ resonance, a $\mathrm{ q } \mathrm{ q } $ resonance, and an RS Graviton as a function of the resonance mass. |
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Additional Table 2:
Limits from the high-mass search. CMS preliminary observed and expected upper limits at 95% CL on $\sigma \times B \times A$ for a $\mathrm{g} \mathrm{g} $ resonance, a $\mathrm{ q } \mathrm{g} $ resonance, a $\mathrm{ q } \mathrm{ q } $ resonance, and an RS Graviton as a function of the resonance mass. |
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| 62 | IceCube Collaboration | Search for annihilating dark matter in the Sun with 3 years of IceCube data | EPJC77 (2017), no. 3, 146 | 1612.05949 |
| 63 | IceCube Collaboration | Improved limits on dark matter annihilation in the Sun with the 79-string IceCube detector and implications for supersymmetry | JCAP 04 (2016) 022 | 1601.00653 |
| 64 | Super-Kamiokande Collaboration | Search for Neutrinos from Annihilation of Captured Low-Mass Dark Matter Particles in the Sun by Super-Kamiokande | PRL 114 (2015) 141301 | 1503.04858 |
| 65 | LUX Collaboration | Results from a search for dark matter in LUX with 332 live days of exposure | 1608.07648 | |
| 66 | PandaX-II Collaboration | Dark Matter Results from First 98.7 Days of Data from the PandaX-II Experiment | PRL 117 (2016) 121303 | 1607.07400 |
| 67 | SuperCDMS Collaboration | New Results from the Search for Low-Mass Weakly Interacting Massive Particles with the CDMS Low Ionization Threshold Experiment | PRL 106 (2016) 071301 | 1509.02448 |
| 68 | CRESST Collaboration | Results on light dark matter particles with a low-threshold CRESST-II detector | EPJC 76 (2016) 25 | 1509.01515 |
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Compact Muon Solenoid LHC, CERN |
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