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| CMS-PAS-HIG-24-002 | ||
| Search for heavy scalar resonances decaying to a pair of Z bosons in the 4-lepton final state at 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 20 July 2024 | ||
| Abstract: A search for a heavy scalar resonance decaying to two Z bosons and subsequently to four leptons is presented, where the leptons can be electrons or muons. The results are based on the proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The searches are performed in a model independent way over a range of resonance mass from 130 GeV to 3 TeV, considering both narrow and wide width scenarios, and assuming that the resonance is produced via gluon fusion or vector boson fusion. For the wide width scenarios, the interference between the signal, the standard model Higgs production, and the continuum background are taken into account. No significant excess with respect to the standard model predictions is observed in the examined phase space, and upper limits at 95% confidence level on the production cross section of the resonance multiplied by the branching ratio of decaying to two Z bosons are computed. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; Physics Briefing ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Left: the $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ distributions of signal and background processes estimated from the MC simulation. Observed data are superimposed as well. The signal lineshapes shown in the plot show the width predicted by the CPS, describing the shape of an SM-like Higgs boson with different masses. Right: The $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions of signal and background processes estimated from the MC simulation, together with the observed data. |
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Figure 1-a:
Left: the $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ distributions of signal and background processes estimated from the MC simulation. Observed data are superimposed as well. The signal lineshapes shown in the plot show the width predicted by the CPS, describing the shape of an SM-like Higgs boson with different masses. Right: The $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions of signal and background processes estimated from the MC simulation, together with the observed data. |
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Figure 1-b:
Left: the $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ distributions of signal and background processes estimated from the MC simulation. Observed data are superimposed as well. The signal lineshapes shown in the plot show the width predicted by the CPS, describing the shape of an SM-like Higgs boson with different masses. Right: The $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions of signal and background processes estimated from the MC simulation, together with the observed data. |
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Figure 2:
The $ D_\text{2jet}^{\text{VBF}} $ distribution of signal and background processes together with observed data, combining the full Run 2 dataset. Only events passing the lepton and jet number selections for the VBF-tagging category contribute to this distribution. To be selected in the VBF-tagged category, events are required to have $ D_\text{2jet}^{\text{VBF}} > $ 0.46. |
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Figure 3:
The signal efficiency times acceptance as a function of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{gen}} $ computed for the 2018 dataset. The left plot shows the results of ggF signals, and the right plot shows those of VBF signals. In each plot, the efficiency times acceptance in each final state and category is shown: blue dots and curves represents the 4$ \mu $ final state, green ones represents the 4e final state, and red ones represents the 2e2$\mu $ final state; the solid lines with lighter colors represent the untagged category, and the dashed lines with darker colors represent the VBF-tagged category. Both the data points and fitted curves are shown. In other data taking periods, the results are similar. |
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Figure 3-a:
The signal efficiency times acceptance as a function of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{gen}} $ computed for the 2018 dataset. The left plot shows the results of ggF signals, and the right plot shows those of VBF signals. In each plot, the efficiency times acceptance in each final state and category is shown: blue dots and curves represents the 4$ \mu $ final state, green ones represents the 4e final state, and red ones represents the 2e2$\mu $ final state; the solid lines with lighter colors represent the untagged category, and the dashed lines with darker colors represent the VBF-tagged category. Both the data points and fitted curves are shown. In other data taking periods, the results are similar. |
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Figure 3-b:
The signal efficiency times acceptance as a function of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{gen}} $ computed for the 2018 dataset. The left plot shows the results of ggF signals, and the right plot shows those of VBF signals. In each plot, the efficiency times acceptance in each final state and category is shown: blue dots and curves represents the 4$ \mu $ final state, green ones represents the 4e final state, and red ones represents the 2e2$\mu $ final state; the solid lines with lighter colors represent the untagged category, and the dashed lines with darker colors represent the VBF-tagged category. Both the data points and fitted curves are shown. In other data taking periods, the results are similar. |
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Figure 4:
The signal $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ shapes with different $ M_\mathrm{X} $, $ \Gamma_\mathrm{X} $, produced via ggF (left) or VBF (right). |
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Figure 4-a:
The signal $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ shapes with different $ M_\mathrm{X} $, $ \Gamma_\mathrm{X} $, produced via ggF (left) or VBF (right). |
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Figure 4-b:
The signal $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ shapes with different $ M_\mathrm{X} $, $ \Gamma_\mathrm{X} $, produced via ggF (left) or VBF (right). |
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Figure 5:
The distributions of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{gen}} $ v.s. $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ for the ggF (left) and VBF (right) production mechanism, in the 4 $ \mu $ final state, estimated from the signal simulation. No categorization is applied. |
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Figure 5-a:
The distributions of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{gen}} $ v.s. $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ for the ggF (left) and VBF (right) production mechanism, in the 4 $ \mu $ final state, estimated from the signal simulation. No categorization is applied. |
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Figure 5-b:
The distributions of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{gen}} $ v.s. $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ for the ggF (left) and VBF (right) production mechanism, in the 4 $ \mu $ final state, estimated from the signal simulation. No categorization is applied. |
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Figure 6:
Examples of interference lineshapes. The left (right) plot depicts the lineshape of the ggF (VBF) signal with $ M_\mathrm{X}= $ 450 GeV, $ \Gamma_\mathrm{X}= $ 45 GeV in the red curve, the lineshape of the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $ (VBFZZ) background in the blue curve, and the lineshapes of the three interferences in the violet, orange and green curves. The left plot is in the 4 $ \mu $ final state and untagged category; the right plot is in the 4 $ \mu $ final state and VBF-tagged category. |
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Figure 6-a:
Examples of interference lineshapes. The left (right) plot depicts the lineshape of the ggF (VBF) signal with $ M_\mathrm{X}= $ 450 GeV, $ \Gamma_\mathrm{X}= $ 45 GeV in the red curve, the lineshape of the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $ (VBFZZ) background in the blue curve, and the lineshapes of the three interferences in the violet, orange and green curves. The left plot is in the 4 $ \mu $ final state and untagged category; the right plot is in the 4 $ \mu $ final state and VBF-tagged category. |
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Figure 6-b:
Examples of interference lineshapes. The left (right) plot depicts the lineshape of the ggF (VBF) signal with $ M_\mathrm{X}= $ 450 GeV, $ \Gamma_\mathrm{X}= $ 45 GeV in the red curve, the lineshape of the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $ (VBFZZ) background in the blue curve, and the lineshapes of the three interferences in the violet, orange and green curves. The left plot is in the 4 $ \mu $ final state and untagged category; the right plot is in the 4 $ \mu $ final state and VBF-tagged category. |
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Figure 7:
The $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ and $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions with the full Run 2 dataset, for backgrounds and observed data. The distributions for backgrounds are extracted from the statistical model, with all nuisance parameters at their best-fit values (post-fit). The top left plot shows the distribution of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $; the top right plot shows the distribution of $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $; the bottom plot shows the distribution of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ in bins of $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $. |
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Figure 7-a:
The $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ and $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions with the full Run 2 dataset, for backgrounds and observed data. The distributions for backgrounds are extracted from the statistical model, with all nuisance parameters at their best-fit values (post-fit). The top left plot shows the distribution of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $; the top right plot shows the distribution of $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $; the bottom plot shows the distribution of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ in bins of $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $. |
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Figure 7-b:
The $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ and $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions with the full Run 2 dataset, for backgrounds and observed data. The distributions for backgrounds are extracted from the statistical model, with all nuisance parameters at their best-fit values (post-fit). The top left plot shows the distribution of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $; the top right plot shows the distribution of $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $; the bottom plot shows the distribution of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ in bins of $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $. |
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Figure 7-c:
The $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ and $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $ distributions with the full Run 2 dataset, for backgrounds and observed data. The distributions for backgrounds are extracted from the statistical model, with all nuisance parameters at their best-fit values (post-fit). The top left plot shows the distribution of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $; the top right plot shows the distribution of $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $; the bottom plot shows the distribution of $ M_{4\ell}^{\text{reco}} $ in bins of $ D_\text{bkg}^{\text{kin}} $. |
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Figure 8:
The upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ M_\mathrm{X} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and narrow width assumption. The top left plot shows the results of pure ggF production; the top right plot shows the pure VBF production; and the bottom plot shows the results with $ f_\text{VBF} $ floating. |
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Figure 8-a:
The upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ M_\mathrm{X} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and narrow width assumption. The top left plot shows the results of pure ggF production; the top right plot shows the pure VBF production; and the bottom plot shows the results with $ f_\text{VBF} $ floating. |
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Figure 8-b:
The upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ M_\mathrm{X} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and narrow width assumption. The top left plot shows the results of pure ggF production; the top right plot shows the pure VBF production; and the bottom plot shows the results with $ f_\text{VBF} $ floating. |
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Figure 8-c:
The upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ M_\mathrm{X} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and narrow width assumption. The top left plot shows the results of pure ggF production; the top right plot shows the pure VBF production; and the bottom plot shows the results with $ f_\text{VBF} $ floating. |
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Figure 9:
The local p-value as a function of $ M_\mathrm{X} $, with $ f_\text{VBF} $ floating. |
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Figure 10:
The expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ M _{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma _{\mathrm{X}}= $ 1 (top), 10 (middle) and 100 (bottom) GeV. The left column shows the results of pure ggF production and the right column shows the pure VBF production. |
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Figure 10-a:
The expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ M _{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma _{\mathrm{X}}= $ 1 (top), 10 (middle) and 100 (bottom) GeV. The left column shows the results of pure ggF production and the right column shows the pure VBF production. |
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Figure 10-b:
The expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ M _{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma _{\mathrm{X}}= $ 1 (top), 10 (middle) and 100 (bottom) GeV. The left column shows the results of pure ggF production and the right column shows the pure VBF production. |
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Figure 10-c:
The expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ M _{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma _{\mathrm{X}}= $ 1 (top), 10 (middle) and 100 (bottom) GeV. The left column shows the results of pure ggF production and the right column shows the pure VBF production. |
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Figure 10-d:
The expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ M _{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma _{\mathrm{X}}= $ 1 (top), 10 (middle) and 100 (bottom) GeV. The left column shows the results of pure ggF production and the right column shows the pure VBF production. |
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Figure 10-e:
The expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ M _{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma _{\mathrm{X}}= $ 1 (top), 10 (middle) and 100 (bottom) GeV. The left column shows the results of pure ggF production and the right column shows the pure VBF production. |
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Figure 10-f:
The expected upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}\to\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}) $ with $ M _{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma _{\mathrm{X}}= $ 1 (top), 10 (middle) and 100 (bottom) GeV. The left column shows the results of pure ggF production and the right column shows the pure VBF production. |
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Figure 11:
The observed upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{ pp\to X \to ZZ}) $ with $ M _{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma _{\mathrm{X}}/M _{\mathrm{X}} $ from NWA to 0.3. The top plot shows the results of pure ggF production and the bottom plot shows the pure VBF production. |
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Figure 11-a:
The observed upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{ pp\to X \to ZZ}) $ with $ M _{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma _{\mathrm{X}}/M _{\mathrm{X}} $ from NWA to 0.3. The top plot shows the results of pure ggF production and the bottom plot shows the pure VBF production. |
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Figure 11-b:
The observed upper limits on $ \sigma(\mathrm{ pp\to X \to ZZ}) $ with $ M _{\mathrm{X}} $ from 130 GeV to 3 TeV and $ \Gamma _{\mathrm{X}}/M _{\mathrm{X}} $ from NWA to 0.3. The top plot shows the results of pure ggF production and the bottom plot shows the pure VBF production. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Thresholds applied on the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the leading/subleading leptons for the single lepton (e, $ \mu $), dilepton (e/e, e/$ \mu $, $ \mu $/$ \mu $), and trilepton (e/e/e, e/e/$ \mu $, e/$ \mu $/$ \mu $, $ \mu $/$ \mu $/$ \mu $) HLT algorithms used in each data-taking period. All values are in GeV. |
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Table 2:
Summary of the experimental and theoretical uncertainties used in this analysis. Some experimental uncertainties are calculated for each data-taking periods. Uncertainties affecting only normalization are treated as nuisance parameters with a log-normal distribution, specified as "norm". Those affecting variable shapes are specified as "shape". |
| Summary |
| Searches for a spin-0 resonance decaying to a pair of Z bosons in the 4-lepton final state are performed using the full Run 2 dataset collected with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The mass of the resonance is scanned over a range from 130 GeV to 3 TeV, and different decay width assumptions are tested. A model-independent approach for the signal, background, and interference model is used. No significant excess is observed. Only a fluctuation is seen at 137.8 GeV with the narrow width assumption, reaching a global significance of around 1.85$ \sigma $. The upper limits at 95% confidence level on the production cross section multiplied by the decay branching ratio of $ \mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $ are calculated for different masses, decay widths and production mechanisms. |
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Compact Muon Solenoid LHC, CERN |
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