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| CMS-HIN-21-016 ; CERN-EP-2024-135 | ||
| Multiplicity dependence of charm baryon and baryon meson production in pPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = $ 8.16 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 18 July 2024 | ||
| PLB 868 (2025) 139672 | ||
| Abstract: Measurements of the production yields of charm baryons ($ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $) and charm mesons ($ \mathrm{D^0} $) in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV are presented. The data were collected in 2016 with the CMS experiment and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 186 nb$^{-1}$. The $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryon is reconstructed from the decay channel $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} \to \mathrm{K^0_S}\mathrm{p} $, while the $ \mathrm{D^0} $ meson is reconstructed via $ \mathrm{D^0}\to\mathrm{K^-}\pi^{+} $. The $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryon and $ \mathrm{D^0} $ meson yields are extracted in several charged-particle multiplicity classes. No strong multiplicity dependence of the $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $-to-$ \mathrm{D^0} $ yield ratio is observed, unlike the observed strange baryon to strange meson yield ratio of $ \Lambda $/$ \overline{\Lambda} $ to $ \mathrm{K^0_S} $, which shows a strong multiplicity dependence. This observation indicates different mechanisms for the multiplicity evolution of hadronization processes for charm and strange quarks and provides new constraints to the understanding of heavy flavor production and collectivity in small collision systems. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2407.13615 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
The fitted mass spectra, along with the goodness-of-fit values, for $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ candidates with 3 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 4 GeV and $ -1.46 < y_{\text{cm}} < 0.54$. The spectrum for the multiplicity class with 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 is shown in the left plot, and the spectrum for 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250 is shown in the right plot. |
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Figure 1-a:
The fitted mass spectra, along with the goodness-of-fit values, for $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ candidates with 3 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 4 GeV and $ -1.46 < y_{\text{cm}} < 0.54$. The spectrum for the multiplicity class with 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 is shown in the left plot, and the spectrum for 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250 is shown in the right plot. |
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Figure 1-b:
The fitted mass spectra, along with the goodness-of-fit values, for $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ candidates with 3 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 4 GeV and $ -1.46 < y_{\text{cm}} < 0.54$. The spectrum for the multiplicity class with 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 is shown in the left plot, and the spectrum for 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250 is shown in the right plot. |
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Figure 2:
Transverse momentum spectra for $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryons (left) and $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons (right) with $ -1.46 < y_{\text{cm}} < $ 0.54 in different multiplicity classes. The vertical bars show the statistical uncertainties while the shaded areas represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 2-a:
Transverse momentum spectra for $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryons (left) and $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons (right) with $ -1.46 < y_{\text{cm}} < $ 0.54 in different multiplicity classes. The vertical bars show the statistical uncertainties while the shaded areas represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 2-b:
Transverse momentum spectra for $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryons (left) and $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons (right) with $ -1.46 < y_{\text{cm}} < $ 0.54 in different multiplicity classes. The vertical bars show the statistical uncertainties while the shaded areas represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 3:
Ratio of $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryons to $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons production in pPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 8.16 TeV with 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 and 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250. The vertical bars show the statistical uncertainties while the shaded areas represent the systematic uncertainties. The grey markers are for $ \Lambda $ baryon to (two times) $ \mathrm{K^0_S} $ meson production at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 5.02 TeV from Ref. [53]. |
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Figure 4:
Ratio of $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryon to $ \mathrm{D^0} $ meson production with $ -1.46 < y_{\text{cm}} < 0.54 $ in pPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 8.16 TeV as a function of $ N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} $. The vertical bars show the statistical uncertainties while the shaded areas represent the systematic uncertainties. The ratio of $ \Lambda $ baryon to (two times) $ \mathrm{K^0_S} $ meson production at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 5.02 TeV obtained from data in Ref. [54] is also shown for comparisons, denoted by grey markers. |
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Figure 5:
Comparison between the $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $-to-$ \mathrm{D^0} $ ratio as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ in pp, pPb, and PbPb (different centrality ranges) collisions at the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of 5.02, 8.16, and 5.02 TeV, respectively [53,87]. The uncertainties are denoted by vertical bars. The ratio is measured with the rapidity ranges $ -1.46 < y_{\text{cm}} < 0.54 $ in pPb collisions and $ |y_{\text{cm}}| < $ 1 in pp and PbPb collisions by the CMS Collaboration [87] and $ |y_{\text{cm}}| < $ 0.5 by the ALICE Collaboration [53]. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
The average multiplicity before (and after) corrections, $ \langle N_\text{trk}^\text{offline}\rangle $ ($ \langle N_\text{trk}^\text{corrected} \rangle $) with track $ p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 0.4 GeV and $ |\eta_{\text{lab}}| < $ 2.4 in each multiplicity interval. The uncertainties reported for $ \langle N_\text{trk}^\text{corrected} \rangle $ are systematic uncertainties, as the statistical uncertainties have been found to be negligible. |
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Table 2:
Summary table for the fraction of nonprompt $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryons (1-$ f^{\text{prompt}} $) relative to inclusive $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryons. The fraction is evaluated in different multiplicity ranges. Details regarding the systematic uncertainties are described in Section 4. |
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Table 3:
Summary of relative uncertainties in the differential yields. |
| Summary |
| The first measurements of $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryon and $ \mathrm{D^0} $ meson yields, as well as their yield ratios, as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity in proton-lead (pPb) collisions are presented. At a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, the $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryon is reconstructed using the decay channel $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} \to \mathrm{K^0_S} \mathrm{p} $, while the $ \mathrm{D^0} $ meson is reconstructed from $ \mathrm{D^0}\to\mathrm{K^-}\pi^{+} $. The $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ and $ \mathrm{D^0} $ production yields, and the $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $-to-$ \mathrm{D^0} $ yield ratio are studied as a function of transverse momentum and charged-particle multiplicity. No strong multiplicity dependence is observed within the experimental uncertainties. The absence of any significant multiplicity dependence of the yield ratio differs strikingly from that for strange hadrons, which is observed to increase with multiplicity. The difference between these results for charm quarks and those for strange quarks might indicate that the conjectured coalescence processes of heavy quarks happen earlier than those of strange quarks. |
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