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CMS-HIG-16-018 ; CERN-EP-2018-124
Search for beyond the standard model Higgs bosons decaying into a $ \mathrm{b\bar{b}} $ pair in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV
JHEP 08 (2018) 113
Abstract: A search for Higgs bosons that decay into a bottom quark-antiquark pair and are accompanied by at least one additional bottom quark is performed with the CMS detector. The data analyzed were recorded in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.7 fb$^{-1}$. The final state considered in this analysis is particularly sensitive to signatures of a Higgs sector beyond the standard model, as predicted in the generic class of two Higgs doublet models (2HDMs). No signal above the standard model background expectation is observed. Stringent upper limits on the cross section times branching fraction are set for Higgs bosons with masses up to 1300 GeV. The results are interpreted within several MSSM and 2HDM scenarios.
Figures & Tables Summary Additional Figures References CMS Publications
Figures

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Figure 1:
Example Feynman diagrams for the signal processes.

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Figure 1-a:
Example Feynman diagram for the signal processes.

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Figure 1-b:
Example Feynman diagram for the signal processes.

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Figure 1-c:
Example Feynman diagram for the signal processes.

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Figure 2:
Signal efficiency as a function of the Higgs boson mass after different stages of event selection.

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Figure 3:
Invariant mass distributions of the two leading b jets in simulated signal events and their parameterizations for three different ${\mathrm {A}} / {\mathrm {H}}$ masses, normalized to unity.

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Figure 4:
Distributions of the dijet invariant mass ${M_{12}}$, obtained from the b tag veto CR as described in the text in the three subranges used for the fit: $ {M_{12}} = $ [200, 650] GeV (upper left) in linear scale, $ {M_{12}} = $ [350, 1190] GeV (upper right) and $ {M_{12}} = $ [500, 1700] GeV (lower) in logarithmic scale. The dots represent the data. The full line is the result of the fit of the background parameterizations described in the text. In the bottom panel of each plot, the normalized difference [(Data-Fit)/$\sqrt {\mathrm {Fit}}$] is shown.

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Figure 4-a:
Distribution of the dijet invariant mass ${M_{12}}$, obtained from the b tag veto CR as described in the text in one of the three subranges used for the fit: $ {M_{12}} = $ [200, 650] GeV in linear scale. The dots represent the data. The full line is the result of the fit of the background parameterizations described in the text. In the bottom panel of each plot, the normalized difference [(Data-Fit)/$\sqrt {\mathrm {Fit}}$] is shown.

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Figure 4-b:
Distribution of the dijet invariant mass ${M_{12}}$, obtained from the b tag veto CR as described in the text in one of the three subranges used for the fit: $ {M_{12}} = $ [350, 1190] GeV in logarithmic scale. The dots represent the data. The full line is the result of the fit of the background parameterizations described in the text. In the bottom panel of each plot, the normalized difference [(Data-Fit)/$\sqrt {\mathrm {Fit}}$] is shown.

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Figure 4-c:
Distribution of the dijet invariant mass ${M_{12}}$, obtained from the b tag veto CR as described in the text in one of the three subranges used for the fit: $ {M_{12}} = $ [500, 1700] GeV in logarithmic scale. The dots represent the data. The full line is the result of the fit of the background parameterizations described in the text. In the bottom panel of each plot, the normalized difference [(Data-Fit)/$\sqrt {\mathrm {Fit}}$] is shown.

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Figure 5:
Distribution of the dijet invariant mass ${M_{12}}$ in the data triple b tag sample showing the three subranges together with the corresponding background-only fits. The shaded area shows the post-fit uncertainty. For illustration, the expected signal contribution for three representative mass points is shown, scaled to cross sections suitable for visualization. The change of slope around 350 GeV of the 300 GeV signal shape is caused by wrong jet pairing. In the bottom panels the normalized difference ((Data-Bkg)/$\sqrt {\mathrm {Bkg}}$), where Bkg is the background as estimated by the fit, for the three subranges is shown.

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Figure 6:
Expected and observed upper limits on $\sigma ({\mathrm {p}} {\mathrm {p}}\to {\mathrm {b}} {\mathrm {A}} / {\mathrm {H}} +\mathrm {X})\,\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {A}} / {\mathrm {H}} \to {{\mathrm {b}} {\overline {\mathrm {b}}}})$ at 95% CL as a function of the Higgs boson mass $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}} / {\mathrm {H}}}} $. The inner and the outer bands indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The dashed horizontal lines illustrate the borders between the three subranges in which the results have been obtained.

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Figure 7:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL for ${m_{{\mathrm {A}}}}$ vs. the MSSM parameter $ \tan \beta $ in the (upper left) $m_ {\mathrm {h}} ^\mathrm {mod+}$ benchmark scenario with $\mu =+$200 GeV , in the (upper right) hMSSM, the (lower left) light $ {\tilde{\tau}} $, and the (lower right) light $ {\tilde{\mathrm {t}}} $ benchmark scenarios. The inner and outer bands indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The excluded parameter space is indicated by the red shaded area. The hashed area is excluded because $m_{{\mathrm {h}}, {\mathrm {H}}}$ would deviate by more than $ \pm $3 GeV from the mass of the observed Higgs boson at 125 GeV. Since theoretical calculations for $ \tan \beta > $ 60 are not reliable, no limits are set beyond this value.

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Figure 7-a:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL for ${m_{{\mathrm {A}}}}$ vs. the MSSM parameter $ \tan \beta $ in the $m_ {\mathrm {h}} ^\mathrm {mod+}$ benchmark scenario with $\mu =+$200 GeV. The inner and outer bands indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The excluded parameter space is indicated by the red shaded area. The hashed area is excluded because $m_{{\mathrm {h}}, {\mathrm {H}}}$ would deviate by more than $ \pm $3 GeV from the mass of the observed Higgs boson at 125 GeV. Since theoretical calculations for $ \tan \beta > $ 60 are not reliable, no limits are set beyond this value.

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Figure 7-b:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL for ${m_{{\mathrm {A}}}}$ vs. the MSSM parameter $ \tan \beta $ in the hMSSM benchmark scenario. The inner and outer bands indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The excluded parameter space is indicated by the red shaded area. The hashed area is excluded because $m_{{\mathrm {h}}, {\mathrm {H}}}$ would deviate by more than $ \pm $3 GeV from the mass of the observed Higgs boson at 125 GeV. Since theoretical calculations for $ \tan \beta > $ 60 are not reliable, no limits are set beyond this value.

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Figure 7-c:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL for ${m_{{\mathrm {A}}}}$ vs. the MSSM parameter $ \tan \beta $ in the light $ {\tilde{\tau}} $ benchmark scenario. The inner and outer bands indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The excluded parameter space is indicated by the red shaded area. The hashed area is excluded because $m_{{\mathrm {h}}, {\mathrm {H}}}$ would deviate by more than $ \pm $3 GeV from the mass of the observed Higgs boson at 125 GeV. Since theoretical calculations for $ \tan \beta > $ 60 are not reliable, no limits are set beyond this value.

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Figure 7-d:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL for ${m_{{\mathrm {A}}}}$ vs. the MSSM parameter $ \tan \beta $ in the light $ {\tilde{\mathrm {t}}} $ benchmark scenario. The inner and outer bands indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The excluded parameter space is indicated by the red shaded area. The hashed area is excluded because $m_{{\mathrm {h}}, {\mathrm {H}}}$ would deviate by more than $ \pm $3 GeV from the mass of the observed Higgs boson at 125 GeV. Since theoretical calculations for $ \tan \beta > $ 60 are not reliable, no limits are set beyond this value.

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Figure 8:
Upper limits for the parameter $ \tan \beta $ at 95% CL for the flipped (upper) and type-II (lower) models, as a function of $ {\cos(\beta -\alpha)} $ in the range of $[-0.5,0.5]$ for the mass $m_ {\mathrm {H}} =m_ {\mathrm {A}} = $ 300 GeV (left) and as a function of $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}} / {\mathrm {H}}}} $ when $ {\cos(\beta -\alpha)} $ = 0.1 (right). The results from the ATLAS $ {\mathrm {A}} \to {\mathrm {Z}} {\mathrm {h}} $ analysis [24], which provide limits up to $ \tan \beta = $ 50 at 95% CL, are also shown as blue shaded area for comparison.

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Figure 8-a:
Upper limits for the parameter $ \tan \beta $ at 95% CL for the flipped model, as a function of $ {\cos(\beta -\alpha)} $ in the range of $[-0.5,0.5]$ for the mass $m_ {\mathrm {H}} =m_ {\mathrm {A}} = $ 300 GeV. The results from the ATLAS $ {\mathrm {A}} \to {\mathrm {Z}} {\mathrm {h}} $ analysis [24], which provide limits up to $ \tan \beta = $ 50 at 95% CL, are also shown as blue shaded area for comparison.

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Figure 8-b:
Upper limits for the parameter $ \tan \beta $ at 95% CL for the flipped model, as a function of $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}} / {\mathrm {H}}}} $ when $ {\cos(\beta -\alpha)} $ = 0.1. The results from the ATLAS $ {\mathrm {A}} \to {\mathrm {Z}} {\mathrm {h}} $ analysis [24], which provide limits up to $ \tan \beta = $ 50 at 95% CL, are also shown as blue shaded area for comparison.

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Figure 8-c:
Upper limits for the parameter $ \tan \beta $ at 95% CL for the type-II model, as a function of $ {\cos(\beta -\alpha)} $ in the range of $[-0.5,0.5]$ for the mass $m_ {\mathrm {H}} =m_ {\mathrm {A}} = $ 300 GeV. The results from the ATLAS $ {\mathrm {A}} \to {\mathrm {Z}} {\mathrm {h}} $ analysis [24], which provide limits up to $ \tan \beta = $ 50 at 95% CL, are also shown as blue shaded area for comparison.

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Figure 8-d:
Upper limits for the parameter $ \tan \beta $ at 95% CL for the type-II model, as a function of $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}} / {\mathrm {H}}}} $ when $ {\cos(\beta -\alpha)} $ = 0.1. The results from the ATLAS $ {\mathrm {A}} \to {\mathrm {Z}} {\mathrm {h}} $ analysis [24], which provide limits up to $ \tan \beta = $ 50 at 95% CL, are also shown as blue shaded area for comparison.

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Figure 9:
Upper limits for the parameter $ \tan \beta $ at 95% confidence level for the flipped (left) and type-II (right) models as a function of $ {\cos(\beta -\alpha)} $ in the full range of $[-1.0,1.0]$, for the mass $m_ {\mathrm {H}} =m_ {\mathrm {A}} = $ 500 GeV. The inner and outer bands indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis.

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Figure 9-a:
Upper limits for the parameter $ \tan \beta $ at 95% confidence level for the flipped model as a function of $ {\cos(\beta -\alpha)} $ in the full range of $[-1.0,1.0]$, for the mass $m_ {\mathrm {H}} =m_ {\mathrm {A}} = $ 500 GeV. The inner and outer bands indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis.

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Figure 9-b:
Upper limits for the parameter $ \tan \beta $ at 95% confidence level for the type-II model as a function of $ {\cos(\beta -\alpha)} $ in the full range of $[-1.0,1.0]$, for the mass $m_ {\mathrm {H}} =m_ {\mathrm {A}} = $ 500 GeV. The inner and outer bands indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis.
Tables

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Table 1:
Expected and observed 95% CLs upper limits on $\sigma ({\mathrm {p}} {\mathrm {p}}\to {\mathrm {b}} {\mathrm {A}} / {\mathrm {H}} +\mathrm {X})\,\mathcal {B}({\mathrm {A}} / {\mathrm {H}} \to {{\mathrm {b}} {\overline {\mathrm {b}}}})$ in pb as a function of $ {m_{{\mathrm {A}} / {\mathrm {H}}}} $.

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Table 2:
Expected and observed 95% CLs upper limits on $ \tan \beta $ as a function of ${m_{{\mathrm {A}}}}$ in the ${m_{{\mathrm {h}}}^{\text {mod+}}}$, $\mu = +$200 GeV, benchmark scenario. Since theoretical predictions for $ \tan \beta > $ 60 are not reliable, entries for which $ \tan \beta $ would exceed this value are indicated by --.

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Table 3:
Expected and observed 95% CLs upper limits on $ \tan \beta $ as a function of ${m_{{\mathrm {A}}}}$ in the hMSSM benchmark scenario. Since theoretical predictions for $ \tan \beta > $ 60 are not reliable, entries for which $ \tan \beta $ would exceed this value are indicated by --.

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Table 4:
Expected and observed 95% CLs upper limits on $ \tan \beta $ as a function of ${m_{{\mathrm {A}}}}$ in the light $ {\tilde{\tau}} $ benchmark scenario. Since theoretical predictions for $ \tan \beta > $ 60 are not reliable, entries for which $ \tan \beta $ would exceed this value are indicated by --.

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Table 5:
Expected and observed 95% CLs upper limits on $ \tan \beta $ as a function of ${m_{{\mathrm {A}}}}$ in the light $ {\tilde{\mathrm {t}}} $ benchmark scenario. Since theoretical predictions for $ \tan \beta > $ 60 are not reliable, entries for which $ \tan \beta $ would exceed this value are indicated by --.
Summary
A search for a heavy Higgs boson decaying into a bottom quark-antiquark pair and accompanied by at least one additional bottom quark has been performed. The data analyzed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.7 fb$^{-1}$, recorded in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV at the LHC. For this purpose, dedicated triggers using all-hadronic jet signatures combined with online b tagging were developed. The signal is characterized by events with at least three b-tagged jets. The search has been performed in the invariant mass spectrum of the two leading jets that are also required to be b-tagged.

No evidence for a signal is found. Upper limits on the Higgs boson cross section times branching fraction are obtained in the mass region 300-1300 GeV at 95% confidence level. They range from about 20 pb at the lower end of the mass range, to about 0.4 pb at 1100 GeV, and extend to considerably higher masses than those accessible to previous analyses in this channel.

The results are interpreted within various benchmark scenarios of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM). They yield upper limits on the model parameter $ {\tan\beta} $ as a function of the mass parameter $ {m_{\mathrm{A} }} $. The observed limit at 95% confidence level for $ {\tan\beta} $ is as low as about 25 at the lowest $ {m_{\mathrm{A} }} $ value of 300 GeV in the ${m_{\mathrm{h}}^{\text{mod+}}} $ scenario with a higgsino mass parameter of $\mu= +$200 GeV. In the hMSSM, scenarios with $ {\tan\beta} $ values above 22 to 60 for Higgs boson masses from 300 to 900 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. The results are also interpreted in the two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) type-II and flipped scenarios. In the flipped 2HDM scenario, similar upper limits on $ {\tan\beta} $ as for the hMSSM are set over the full $ {\cos(\beta-\alpha)} $ range and for Higgs boson masses from 300 to 850 GeV. The limits obtained for the flipped scenario provide competitive upper limits in the region around zero of $\cos(\beta-\alpha)$ and provide strong unique constraints on ${\tan\beta}$.
Additional Figures

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Additional Figure 1:
Dijet invariant mass $\mathrm {M}_{12}$ in the triple b tag signal region in the three subranges used for the fit: $\mathrm {M}_{12} = [200, 650]$ GeV (top left), $\mathrm {M}_{12} = [350, 1190]$ GeV (upper right), and $\mathrm {M}_{12} = [500, 1700]$ GeV (lower) in logarithmic scale. The dots represent the data. The blue line is the result of the fit of the background parameterizations described in the text. The shaded areas show the post-fit uncertainty. In the bottom panel of each plot the normalized difference (${\mathrm {Data}-\mathrm {Bkg}}/{\sqrt {\mathrm {Bkg}}}$) is shown.

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Additional Figure 1-a:
Dijet invariant mass $\mathrm {M}_{12}$ in the triple b tag signal region in the $\mathrm {M}_{12} = [200, 650]$ GeV subrange, in logarithmic scale. The dots represent the data. The blue line is the result of the fit of the background parameterizations described in the text. The shaded areas show the post-fit uncertainty. In the bottom panel the normalized difference (${\mathrm {Data}-\mathrm {Bkg}}/{\sqrt {\mathrm {Bkg}}}$) is shown.

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Additional Figure 1-b:
Dijet invariant mass $\mathrm {M}_{12}$ in the triple b tag signal region in the $\mathrm {M}_{12} = [350, 1190]$ GeV subrange, in logarithmic scale. The dots represent the data. The blue line is the result of the fit of the background parameterizations described in the text. The shaded areas show the post-fit uncertainty. In the bottom panel the normalized difference (${\mathrm {Data}-\mathrm {Bkg}}/{\sqrt {\mathrm {Bkg}}}$) is shown.

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Additional Figure 1-c:
Dijet invariant mass $\mathrm {M}_{12}$ in the triple b tag signal region in the $\mathrm {M}_{12} = [500, 1700]$ GeV subrange, in logarithmic scale. The dots represent the data. The blue line is the result of the fit of the background parameterizations described in the text. The shaded areas show the post-fit uncertainty. In the bottom panel the normalized difference (${\mathrm {Data}-\mathrm {Bkg}}/{\sqrt {\mathrm {Bkg}}}$) is shown.

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Additional Figure 2:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL for $m_{\mathrm {A}}$ vs. the MSSM parameter $\tan\beta$ in the tau-phobic benchmark scenario. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The excluded parameter space is indicated by the red shaded area.

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Additional Figure 3:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL for $m_{\mathrm {A}}$ vs. the MSSM parameter $\tan\beta$ in the $M_{\mathrm {h}}^{125}$ benchmark scenario, as proposed in arxiv:1808.07542. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The excluded parameter space is indicated by the red shaded area.

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Additional Figure 4:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL for $m_{\mathrm {A}}$ vs. the MSSM parameter $\tan\beta$ in the $M_{\mathrm {h}}^{125}(\tilde{\chi})$ benchmark scenario, as proposed in arxiv:1808.07542. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The excluded parameter space is indicated by the red shaded area.

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Additional Figure 5:
Expected and observed upper limits at 95% CL for $m_{\mathrm {A}}$ vs. the MSSM parameter $\tan\beta$ in the $M_{\mathrm {h}}^{125}(\tilde{\tau})$ benchmark scenario, as proposed in arxiv:1808.07542. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The excluded parameter space is indicated by the red shaded area.
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